CPART Midterms PDF

PROCESS-BASED​ CM1 CONTEMPORARY ART -​ Art is viewed as a creative journey or WHAT IS ART?​ process. ​ THE EXPRESSION OR APPLICATION OF -​ It gives more importance to the process HUMAN CREATI...

PROCESS-BASED​ CM1 CONTEMPORARY ART -​ Art is viewed as a creative journey or WHAT IS ART?​ process. ​ THE EXPRESSION OR APPLICATION OF -​ It gives more importance to the process HUMAN CREATIVE SKILL AND IMAGINATION, than the end product.​ TYPICALLY IN A VISUAL FORM SUCH AS PAINTING OR SCULPTURE; PRODUCING INTERACTIVE WORKS TO BE APPRECIATED PRIMARILY -​ The art will not be complete without the FOR THEIR BEAUTY OR EMOTIONAL POWER audience’s active participation​ (OXFORD DICTIONARY, N.D.). -​ Artists encouraged the audience to be active creators themselves.​ MODERN ART​ -​ In art, we refer something opposed to traditional or conservative as modern art. ​ CM2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF -​ “Modern Art” can simply be described as PHILIPPINE ART the style and philosophy of artworks TIMELINE produced during the 1890-1960 era.​ ➔​ Pre-Conquest or​Pre-Colonial Era​ -​ Daily lives, normal individual ➔​ Islamic Era​(13th Century ​to -​ distinct present)​ ➔​ Spanish Era​(1521-1898)​ CONTEMPORARY ART​ ➔​ American Era ​(1898-1940)​ -​ referring to art history context is art made To Post War Republic ​(1946-1969)​ today by living artists in the 21st century.​ ➔​ Japanese Era​(1941-1945)​ -​ Art pieces without a specific focus ➔​ Modern Era​ -​ Social issues 7 Major Contemporary Art Forms 1.​ Visual arts PRE-CONQUEST or​ 2.​ Literature PRE-COLONIAL ERA​ 3.​ Music Pre-Conquest: art before the coming of the first 4.​ Theater colonizers​ 5.​ Dance 6.​ Architecture Pre-Colonial: general way of life before 7.​ Film colonization​ art was integrated within rituals that marked significant moments in a community’s life​ General Characteristics of Contemporary Arts HUNTER-GATHERERS​ MIXED MEDIA​ -​ imitated movement of animals and prey, -​ An artwork that uses more than one (1) and the sound they made​ medium.​ -​ activities have evolved ritual, music, dance, theater, and literature SITE SPECIFIC​ Native dance forms imitated from the movements -​ An artwork that is designed for a specific of the animals: location. Once it is removed from its 1.​ Pangalay dance (Sulu) – movements of location, it loses its substantial meaning. ​ the sea birds 2.​ Mandayas’ Kinabua, Banog-Banog COLLABORATIVE​ (Higaonon & B’laan), and Man-Manok -​ Involves artists and communities working (Bagobos, Mindanao) closely together to create an artwork. ​ – movements of predatory birds 3.​ Talip dance (Ifugao) – used for courtship from the movements of wild fowls Music: ethnic musical instruments such as pipes, 4.​ Inamo dance (Matigsalugs) and flutes, zithers, drums, kudyapi, kulintang, gangsa, Kadaliwas dance (T’Boli) bamboo percussion instruments, and – comedic movements of the monkeys agong/agung. 5.​ Tinikling dance (Leyte) – movements of the crane, balancing itself on stilt Dance: Pangalay from Sulu​, Inamong from Matigsalugs​, Tinikling from Leyte​ Kapayvanuvanua in Batanes​ Cañao or Kanyaw in CAR​ Pottery: Manunggul Jar​, Maitum Jar​, Banga and Kashawing in Lake Lanao​ Tapayan​, Palayok Mumbaki in Ifugao​ Weaving: textile, mat, and basket weaving​, Famous artworks during Pre-Conquest: Malong, Pis siyabit​, Tepo mat​, Bubo basket​ 1.​ Carving ​ Bulul (Cordillera) – a granary God Ornaments: beads, necklaces, bracelets, rings, that plays and important role in earrings, and funerary masks made of materials rituals such as shell, bone, clay, stone, glass, and metal​ ​ Hagabi (Ifugao) – a wooden bench ​ Okir (Tausug/Samal/Badjao) – mythical sarimanok, the naga or ISLAMIC ERA​ serpent ​ influence became more dominant and ​ Manunggul Jar discovered at strong after the arrival of Sayyid Manunggul cave in Palawan Abbubakar of Arabia​ ​ Rajah Baguinda​ 2.​ Weaving ​ Princess Piramisuli ​ Textile weaving ○​ Pis siyabit (Tausug of Sayyid Abbubakar introduced the Sulu) – headpiece woven following:​ ○​ Malong (Maranao of Lanao ➔​ Holy Book- Quran​ del Sur) ➔​ Building House of prayer​ ➔​ Religious School-Madrasa​ ​ Mat and basket weaving ○​ Tepo mat (Sama of ​ art style consisted of floral designs, plant Tawi-Tawi) forms, and geometric designs​ – a double layered made of ○​ absence of human form​ Pandan leaves ○​ Okirr ○​ Overloid basket (Itbayat, ​ Cotabato Grand Mosque​ Batanes) ​ Sheikh Zayed Grand – a head sling made of nito Mosque in Abu Dhabi, UAE​ or bamboo used to carry ○​ Buraq the harvest ○​ Sarimanok ○​ Bubo (Ilocos region) ○​ calligraphy – a sturdy bamboo strip used to trap fish SPANISH ERA​ 3.​ Ornamentation – representation of ​ Spices and Religion​ various ethnological groups ​ Plaza Complex​ ​ Wearing gold jewelry – for upper class Tagalog ​ art conformed to the demands of the ​ Tattooing (Visayas) – it is believed church and colonial state​ to protect the individual from evil ​ Architecture: cruciform churches were spirits; sign of bravery and maturity built​ ​ Architecture: baroque style​ ​ The Basi Revolt ​by Esteban Villanueva​ ​ 1884 Chapel of La Loma Catholic ​ Visual Arts: print making using Cemetery​restored in 2022 with a yellow techniques such as xylography or woodcut and white façade ​ printing​ ​ San Agustin Church, Paoay Church​, ​ First printed chuchu: Doctrina Cristiana​ Morong Church ​ ​ Carta Hydrographica y​Chorographica de la ​Yslas Filipinas (1734)​ ​ Visual Art: saints and interpretations of by Francisco Suarez and Nicolas de la biblical narratives​ Cruz Bagay​ ​ Via Crucis​ ​ Spoliarium by Juan Luna​, Virgenes christianas expuestas al populacho by ​ Music: pipe organ, violin, guitar, and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo​, piano; Catholic liturgical music; religious and secular music forms​ Famous Artists and their artworks during Spanish Era: ​ Literature (Writing) : etching Baybayin using bamboo poles​ Visual Arts: ​ Aba Ginoong Maria​ 1.​ Damian Domingo – watercolor albums of tipos ​ Theater: zarzuela or sarsuwela​​ 2.​ Juan Luna – Spolarium, Espana y ○​ The first zarzuelas had European Filipinas cast, until local playwrights wrote 3.​ Felix Resurrection Hidalgo – Vigenes ‘librettos’ in the local language, christianas expuestas al populacho hence the term ‘sarsuwela.’​ 4.​ Lorenzo Guerrero – The Water Carrier ○​ Pasyon - biblical narration of the 5.​ Simon Flores – Portrait of the Quiazon life of Jesus.​ Family ○​ Senakulo or passion play was 6.​ Jose Dans – Heaven, Earth, Hell written by Gaspar Aquino de 7.​ Esteban Villanueva – Basi Revolt Belene​ ○​ Komedya - about the conflict Miniature Painters: between Muslims and Christians​ 1.​ Antonio Malantic ○​ Moro-moro - love story between 2.​ Isidro Arceo Christian and Muslim 3.​ Dionesio de Castro 4.​ Justiniano Assuncion ​ Dance: due to the Viceroyalty arrangement of New Spain, Mexican Engraver: influenced our folk music and dance​​ 1.​ Francisco Suarez ○​ Cariñosa​ 2.​ Nicolas Engraver ○​ Pandanggo or fandango​ 3.​ Laureano Atlas ○​ Polka​ 4.​ Felipe Sevilla ○​ Dansa​ ○​ Rigodon Musician – Composer: 1.​ Marcelo Adonay ​ Visual Arts: paintings presented interpretations of biblical texts central to Theater Artist: Catholic devotion​ 1.​ Honorata “Atang” dela Rama ​ Langit, Lupa, at Impyerno​or Heaven, Earth, and Hell Writers: ​by Jose Dans (1850) ​in Paete Church, 1.​ Severino Reyes – Zarzuela Laguna​ 2.​ Hermogenes Ilagan – Zarzuela 3.​ Gaspar Aquino de Belen – Senakulo ​ Visual Arts: image making conformed to the preferences of the patrons​  ○​ Post Office and Legislative AMERICAN ERA to ​ Building (National Art Gallery) POST-WAR REPUBLIC​ ​ ​ In 1909, after the establishment of the ​ established institutions of government and University of the Philippines, the School of education systems​ Fine Arts was opened.​ ○​ Sedition Law: banned writing, printing, and publication materials ​ Fernando Amorsolo​ to advocate Philippine ○​ Dalagang Bukid ​(1926)​ independence ○​ Writing a Letter (1933)​ ○​ Ginebra San Miguel original logo ​ one-act plays represented deep and design​ profound yearning for freedom known as ​ Guillermo Tolentino drama simbolico​ ○​ UP Oblation ○​ Juan Abad’s “Tanikalang Guinto” or ○​ Bonifacio Monument “Golden Chain” (1902)​ ​ Victorio Edades​ ○​ Juan Matapang Cruz’s “Hindi Ako ○​ Untitled (undated; 1930s)​ Patay” or “I Am Not Dead” (1903) ○​ Mother Natures Bounty Harvest ○​ Aurelio Tolentino’s “Kahapon, (1935)​ Ngayon, at Bukas” or “Yesterday, ○​ Modern Maria Clara (1958)​ Today, and Tomorrow” (1903)​ Famous Artist during American Era ​ Americans taught their language through an efficient public school system. Filipino 1.​ Juan Abad – Tinikalang Ginto or playwrights began to write plays in Golden Chain in 1902 English.​ 2.​ Juan Matapang Cruz – Hindi Ako ​ In 1915, Lino Castillejo and Jesus Patay or I Am Not Dead in 1903 Araullo authored the first Filipino play written in English, “A Modern Filipina.” 3.​ Aurelio Tolentino – Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas or Yesterday, ​ Architecture: urban planning – Today, and Tomorrow Burnham Plan​ ​ Daniel Burnham was invited by 4.​ Lino Castillejo and Jesus Araullo Governor-General William Howard Taft to – author of A Modern Filipina and transform Manila and Baguio.​ first Filipino written in English ​ In 1905, he presented his plan for Manila, patterned after Paris, Venice, and Naples. 5.​ Daniel Burnham – architect who designed Manila and Baguio ​ He proposed 5 major points:​ 1.​ Waterfront as a main area of 6.​ William Parsons – implanted recreation​ Burnham Plan, an urban designed 2.​ Street system that would allow employed Neoclassic architecture easy travel​ 3.​ Proper areas for buildings of 7.​ Thomas Mapua, Andres Luna de various programs​ San Pedro, and Antonio Toledo 4.​ Pasig River as a transportation – Filipino architects who designed canal​ buildings 5.​ Summer resorts in Laguna and Bataan 8.​ Fabian dela Rosa – naturalist painter of Planting Rice in 1921 ​ Architecture: Neoclassic style​ and El Kundiman in 1930  9.​ Fernado Amorsolo – romantic 4.​ Felipe P. de Leon painter of Dalagang Filipino, still ​ Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong life landscapes, and historical Filipinas (composer) paintings; graphic artist of The Philippine Readers (book), and 5.​ Crispin Lopez The Independent (newspaper); ​ Study of an Aeta, painting in 1943 logo designer of Ginebra San Miguel 6.​ Diosdado Lorenzo ​ Atrocities in Paco (painting) 10.​Guillermo Tolentino – person behind the sculptures of Oblation 7.​ Dominador Castañeda (1935), UP Oblation (1958), and ​ Doomed Family, painting in 1945 Bonifacio Monument (1933) *Artists whose works were emphasized MODERN​ deep yearning for freedom ​ According to Alice Guillermo, a Filipino historian, Filipino artists reflected about their national identity in the post war.​ JAPANESE ERA​ ​ led the formation of the Greater East Asia ​ artists explored in subject matter, content, Co-Prosperity Sphere, a propaganda form, and debates between art: movement that sought to create a (1) for art’s sake, or Pan-Asia identity rejected by Western (2) to expose the true social conditions traditions​ ​ artists who produced art with subversive ​ Neo-Realism: movement named by or anti-Japanese themes led to torture or artist-writer E. Aguilar Cruz; artists even death explored folk theme and crafted commentaries on the urban condition and ​ Harvest Scene (1942)​, Defend Thy effects of war Honour (1945) by Fernando Amorsolo​ ○​ Beggars (1952) by V. Manansala​ ○​ Tuba Drinkers (1954) by Vicente ​ Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas Manansala​ was declared as the anthem of the period, ○​ Gadgets I and II (1947 and 1949) that bring allegiance to the nation reared by Cesar Legaspi​ in East Asia. National artist Felipe de ○​ Bar Girls (1947) by Cesar Legaspi​ Leon was the composer of the anthem. ​ Neo-Realism: support institutions were Famous Artists and their Artworks During established​ Japanese Era: ○​ AAP is the country’s oldest surviving organization. It was led 1.​ Fernando Amorsolo by Purita Kalaw-Ledesma and ​ Harvest scene – painting in 1942 comprises more than 3,000 artists ​ Rice Planting, painting in 1942 from various mediums.​ ​ Bombing of the Intendencia, ○​ Currently, it is a non-profit painting in 1942 organization whose mission is to ​ Ruins of Manila Cathedral, painting “promote and advance the in 1945 interests of individuals who work in the visual arts.” 2.​ Sylvia La Torre ○​ Philippine Art Gallery (PAG) is ​ Sa Kabukiran (song) the first modern gallery in the country founded by Lyd Arguilla in 3.​ Levi Celerio 1950.​ ​ Sa Kabukiran (composer) ​ Neo-Realism: modern architectural Famous Modern Artists and their structures were modified or veered away Artworks: from the traditional cruciform​ ○​ Church of Holy Sacrifice (1955)​ Neo Realists Artists ○​ Church of Risen Lord​ ○​ Chapel of St. Joseph the Worker​ 1.​ Manansala -​ The Beggars (1951), and ​ Abstraction: movement characterized by -​ Tuba Drinkers (1954) simplified forms, which avoided mimetic representation​ 2.​ Legaspi ○​ sometimes called as -​ Gadgets II (1949), and non-representational/non-objective -​ Bad Girls (1947) art​ -​ ○​ emphasized the relationships of 3.​ HR Ocampo line, color, and space or the -​ The Contrast (1940), and flatness of the canvas instead of -​ Genesis (1968) three-dimensional illusion ○​ early practitioners trained abroad 4.​ Ramon Estrella or were influenced globally​ 5.​ Victor Oyteza ​ Constancio Bernardo​ ○​ Perpetual Motion (1950)​ 6.​ Romeo Tabuena acrylic over oil on canvas ​ ○​ Plenimetric Ensemble (1952)​ oil on canvas​ Abstractionist Actists ​ Jose Joya​ ○​ East Meets West (1983)​ 1.​ Constancio Abenardo mixed media collage ​ ○​ NAIAD 64 (1964)​ 2.​ Lee Aguinaldo oil on plywood​ ​ Fernando Zobel​ 3.​ Jose Joya ○​ Ercavica (1959)​ oil on canvas ​ 4.​ Fernando Zobel ○​ Saeta 64 (1957)​ oil on canvas​ 5.​ Arturo Luz -​ Street Magician (1952) ​ Social Realism: emerged during the intense political ferment of the 70s and the 6.​ Nina Saguil 80s​ -​ Cargadores (1951) ○​ protest art exposed sociopolitical issues and struggles​ ○​ tackled the plight of the marginalized, inequality, and forms of repression​ ○​ ‘Kaisahan’ was formed and committed to the said art​ ​ Antipas Delovato​ ○​ Itak sa Puso ni Mang Juan (1978)​ ​ Elmer Borlongan​ ○​ ​Kapit-Bisig (2010)​  CM3 Context of Art and the bulul contains elements of sculpture, it is not exactly regarded Integrative Art as Applied to as such by its makers and by the Contemporary Art people who continue to find value in its rich symbolic functions. strands of communicative​creation ​ CRAFT involves the skills and style of the VARIOUS CONTEXT OF ART​ artist.​ ​ CONTENT refers to the story a work ARTIST BACKGROUND​ expresses or participates in.​ -​ The artist’s age, gender, culture, economic ​ CONTEXT refers on how the artist work in conditions, social environment, and their environment. disposition affect the art production.​ -​ The mode of production which CONTEXT OF ART​ encompasses the kind of materials ​ Context is the web of complex accessible to the artists as well as the circumstances in which artists work in conditions surrounding labor also hope the relation to their physical environment, work produced by the artists. ​ historical trends and traditions, social -​ Some of the artists deliberately foreground movements, cultural values, intellectual their cultural identity in their works.​ perspectives, personal commitments, and more.​ ELMER BORLONGAN​ Elmer Borlongan paints stories of ​ ‘Context’ in your drawings and artwork everyday life, survival and endurance provide visual links that helps us to fully amidst poverty and despair. His work is understand what your art is about.​ characterized by stylized figuration, bald ​ However, its full meaning will not be fully heads, large eyes and elongated limbs. appreciated without us being able to ‘read’ Elmer Borlongan spent his childhood in the visual links or clues you have included. the urban centers of Manila. Indeed, his Knowing something about the making of sensibilities, his choice of subjects and the drawing can also help.​ themes, were from the beginning in tune ​ Context also refers to settings, conditions, with the daily struggles of the Filipino circumstances, and occurrences affecting working class.​ production and reception or audience response at artwork. It is a set background NATURE​ and information that enables us to -​ Can be seen as a source of inspiration formulate meanings about works or art and wellspring of materials for art and note how context affect form.​ production.​ -​ It’s is also seen as a force that one has to ​ Example: Bulul contend with​ ○​ An indigenous, pre-colonial ritual object and motif in the everyday ​ RYAN VILLAMEL​ life of people of Cordillera region. Ryan Villamael worked in several media ○​ A human-like figure made of before choosing paper as his medium and hardwood, the bulul is revealing exceptional images. "I started ○​ believed to be granary god that working with paper, not out of desire, but assures the community of a out of necessity," he confided. "I realized bountiful harvest. that I could say what I wanted to say and ○​ During dry season, the ritual do what I wanted to do with a very simple specialist or mumbaki would material," he explained​ perform a ritual where that figure is drenched in pig’s blood as a form of offering to the spirits. Although EVERYDAY LIFE​ Three Major Classification of Art Forms -​ Philippine traditional art has always been 1.​ Visual Art an integral part of daily life, its significance -​ its major purpose is to attract or lies not only in its aesthetic appearance entice the audience.​ but also in its functionality and its value to 2.​ Applied Art the community that produced it​ -​ its purpose are the benefits that it can give to the audience or to SOCIETY, POLITICS, AND HISTORY​ people.​ -​ The artist’s creative process is affected if 3.​ Performing Art not compromised by patronage, such as -​ its main purpose is to amuse or to the state or the Church.​ entertain the audience​. -​ Changes in the society, politics and economy affect artists, the work that they do and the structures that support the ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINES​ production.​ PAINTING - it refers to the process of apply LESLIE DE CHAVEZ​ colors to a flat surface. ​ is a contemporary Filipino artist known for her deep concerns and incisive 1.​ Easel Painting - This is the most common commentaries on major social issues form of painting that involves applying through expressive paintings and color to a board canvas. It is fixed in an installations.​ upright support called the easel.​ 2.​ Mural Painting - A huge wall-sized “As an artist, I believe that responding painting used to convey a message to the through art to our continuous victimization audience. ​ from the chronic conditions of our society 3.​ Jeepney and Calesa Painting - Calesa is can be truly liberating.”​ typically painted using one color. The colors of Calesa is decorated with MODE OF RECEPTION​ geometric patterns, repetitive patterns, -​ Aside from considering our personal and/or thin lines. On the other hand, identity as a perceiver of art as well as the Jeepney is like the new and improved contexts discussed above, it is also calesa. It evolved from the calesa painting important to note when, where, and how and typically involves a logo, number, or art is encountered. painting. -​ Most often, art is encountered via 4.​ Collage - It includes cutting and pasting museum, arranged and categorized materials such as paper, fabric, tin foil, before a public for the purpose of and other relatively flat materials onto a education and leisure.​ board or canvas. It is a form of painting that involves combination of different images in a single artwork.​ INTEGRATIVE ART AS SCULPTURE - it is a three-dimensional visual APPLIED TO arts. Its process includes carving and modelling in CONTEMPORARY ART stones, metals, ceramics, woods and other “The aim of art is not to represent the outward materials. ​ appearance of things, but their inward significance.”​ 1.​ Free Standing - this is a sculpture that can independently stand in place.​ “Art is everywhere.” The definition of ‘art” itself is 2.​ Relief- this sculpture does not have a flat debatable throughout the history, but it actually horizontal base. There are two types of originated from the Latin word ars meaning skill relief: low relief or bas relief which is and with the Greek word techne which means slightly from the flat surface; and the other technology. ​ one is high relief.  ​ High Relief - also known as 8.​ Houseboat - This is where Badjaos or alto-relievo, is a type of relief Sama Laut typically reside.​ sculpture where the forms project at least half or more of their natural 9.​ Tsalet - The word “Tsalet” came from the circumference from the term “chalet” which refers to a peasant background.​ house in Switzerland. ​ ​ Low Relief - also known as bas-relief or basso-relievo, is a type of relief sculpture where the OTHER FORMS OF VISUAL ARTS figures project only slightly from the background.​ 1.​ Advertising Art- This is used to encourage the public to use a 3.​ Assemblage - It is a sculpture that is certain service or product as well formed by putting material together such as to support policies, groups, or as found objects, pieces of paper, individuals.​ sponges, wood scraps, and other materials.​ 2.​ Bamboo Art- These are the works made in bamboo that may be used everyday such as decorations or DOMESTIC BUILDINGS AND HOUSES ornaments. ARCHITECTURE - it is considered as the most 3.​ Basketry - It is the art of creating useful or functional branches of visual arts.​ containers by weaving, plaiting, or braiding materials into hollow three 1.​ Apartment - This refers to a building dimensional shapes that can be composed of many residences. This is used either for storage, carrying, usually located in populated urban areas.​ and trapping animals. 2.​ Bahay na Bato - It is considered as the 4.​ Book Design - it includes the residence of wealthy people. It is a reproduction and structuring of two-storey house, and the ground floor is bound pages that are filled with made of brick or stone while the second text and/or image, and may be level is made of wood.​ protected by either hard or soft covers. 3.​ Barong-barong - This is described as the house of the landless poor. It is usually 5.​ Costumes - It include garments, built in any land or area.​ hairstyles, and accessories that are worn by an individual in a 4.​ Bungalow - it is a one-storey house with a particular society. wide front porch and large windows.​ 6.​ Embroidery - This is the art of 5.​ One-and-a-half-Storey House - It has an stitching ornaments on cloth by upper level or storey covering just a half of hand. the lower level.​ 7.​ Food Art - It is the packaging and the presentation of food in an 6.​ Split Level House - It has two main artistic way. levels. The upper level has the bedrooms while the lower level has the kitchen, 8.​ Furniture - These objects can be living, and the dining area.​ used as a decoration in public or private places or buildings. It is 7.​ Bahay-Kubo - it is considered as an also often refer as the “muebles” or ethnic house of the Christian peasant “kasangkapan.” families that lives in the lowland areas.​ 9.​ Komiks and Editorial Cartoon craftsmanship in arriving at - These are the illustration of a finished art object. stories or sequence of events. For B.​ Installation Art the Editorial, it is a single-frame Materials are put together illustration that can either make fun in an exhibition space to of political leaders, institutions, or cast a new experience or comments on current events. idea. While on the other hand, Komiks C.​ Performance Art may use multiple frames with The artist converts conversation of the characters himself/herself into an art place inside “balloons.” object in motion and sound. 10.​Leaf Art - can be used for food 14.​Paper Art - it involve the process wrapping and religious rituals. of cutting, pasting, and/or constructing objects with the use of 11.​Mat Weaving - it is considered as paper. the “planting strips or organic fibers into mats.” This is also known as 15.​Personal Ornaments - these are the “banig” which is lighter than the the object that are worn on the fixed bed. human body and jewelry is an example of this. It can also show 12.​Metal Craft - These are the the wearer’s rank or status in the objects made of metal using the society. processes of brass casting and Example of this is the T’boli black smithing, tinsmithing, or woman choker. goldsmithing and silversmithing. ​ Brass Casting and 16.​Photography - this is the process Blacksmithing of producing images with the use it is the process of and of light-sensitive, chemical plate or forging pieces of brass or film. bronze. Examples of these are anting-anting or 17.​Pottery - these are the decorative amulets. and useful objects that are made of ​ Goldsmithing and clay and are set of at high Silversmithing temperature. it involves the use of gold and silver in creating 18.​Print making - this is the process objects and Mornaments. of transferring images or text on a ​ Tinsmithing paper, wood, metal, or film surface. it can be seen in creating jeepney, kalesas, and ice 19.​Tattoo Art - this is about the body cream carts adornment that is permanently 13.​Multimedia - involves the use of engraved on the skin. other senses not just the sense if sight. 20.​Textile Weaving - it is the process A.​ Conceptual Art of creating cloth by interweaving a Here the visual artist series of parallel threads with “ideates or set up a another series of horizontal situation, placing threads at right angles. philosophy and value in the process itself while negating the importance of