COSH 413 - Construction Occupational Safety & Health - Crane Safety PDF

Republic of the Philippines DON HONORIO UNIVERSITY VENTURA STATE Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE Department of Civil Engineering A. Course Code / Title : COSH 413 – Construction Occupational Safety and Health B. Module Number : Module 4 – Cra...

Republic of the Philippines DON HONORIO UNIVERSITY VENTURA STATE Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE Department of Civil Engineering A. Course Code / Title : COSH 413 – Construction Occupational Safety and Health B. Module Number : Module 4 – Crane Safety and Hand and Portable Power Tools C. Time Frame : 2nd Week of October 20223 (3 hours) D. Description : This module describes the Crane Safety and Hand and Portable Power Tools E. Objectives : At the end of this module, the learner should be able to: 1. Know the hazards related to crane operations 2. Determine the dangers in using hand and power tools F. Contents: CRANE SAFETY Particular hazards exist when operating mobile cranes. Operators, and personnel in the vicinity of the operating cranes must be alert to the potential for injury and\or damage at all times. These hazards include but not limited to: • Collision of the crane jib or its load, with personnel, equipment or buildings, • Contact with live aerial conductors (overhead power lines), • Overturning of the crane during lift, • Introduction of a source of ignition to a hazardous area, • Damage to underground services. PROXIMITY HAZARDS Consideration shall be given to the presence of proximity hazards. Proximity hazards include, but are not limited to, the following: (a) Overhead power lines. (b) Nearby structures or other cranes. (c) Excavations. (d) Fixed hazards. (e) Personnel movement within the crane working area. (f) Mobile equipment movement within the crane working area. (g) Public access areas including roadways, railways and rivers. (h) The effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) (e.g., busbars, strobe lights, induction furnaces, welding) on radio, infra-red or electronic controls. CLEARANCES Where two or more cranes work within a site, or share the same air space, procedures shall be established to maintain sufficient clearances to prevent contact between parts of the cranes and crane loads except where multiple crane lifting is carried out . When cranes operate on adjacent sites and may share the same air space, negotiations shall be carried out to formulate procedures to ensure sufficient clearances are maintained between the cranes. LOADING Crane operators must understand and check the weight or load charts applicable to the crane to be used. Weights should be marked on loads, contained on manifests or shown on drawings. If the load weight is not available, estimate the weight (using weight charts or tables) and include the weight of lifting beams, chains, slings, block and hook. (Hook could weigh up to 1 ton on a 50 tons crane). Note: All cranes with capacity of 16 tons and upwards have a load indicator in the cab. CRANE STABILITY DURING ERECTIONAND DISMANTLING PROCEDURES Precautions shall be taken when erecting and dismantling a crane to ensure that the stability of the crane is maintained. In particular, the following procedures shall be followed where applicable: • Only parts and components meeting the manufacturer’s specification shall be used. • Jointing pins shall be assembled so that they can be removed by a person standing on the outside of the assembly. • All outrigger jacks shall be fitted with foot plates according to manufacturer’s instructions. • All outrigger jacks shall be fitted and adjusted in accordance with the operating instructions. • The correct amount of counterweight shall be fitted on the crane and at the appropriate location before the boom or jib is raised. • When the operating length of boom or jib is reduced, the specified counterweight shall be removed to ensure that the backward stability of the crane is not adversely affected. • Appropriate precautions shall be taken before a long boom is lowered to the ground level. • To maintain the best margin of stability when a long boom is raised or lowered to the ground level, the hook blocks shall be lowered and rested on the ground before the Boom or jib is lowered. • Where timbers are used under outrigger footplates, they shall be arranged so that successive layers are laid at 90o to each other (pigsty fashion) so that the top layer is in line with the outrigger arm. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS Observe the following precautions when operating a mobile crane: • Do not leave a crane unattended even for a short time, unless all loads have been removed, lowered to the ground or the engine shut down and brakes applied. • Do not operate a crane in high or gusty wind conditions that may put the load or personnel at risk. Always use the cranes load rating charts for guidance, these have wind and weather factors built into them. • Do not use flat web slings to raise, lower or suspend a load. • Do not use a fibre rope slings if a suitable steel wire rope can be used. • Faulty slings shall be tagged for destruction with an Out of Service Tag and returned to the area reliability planner. • Discard any wire rope used on a crane, when the visible number of broken wires in any length of rope diameter exceeds 5% of the total number of wires in the wire rope • Check that there are no loose objects on a load that could fall during lifting. Pay special attention to the tops of the containers. • All lattice boom cranes fitted with outriggers will always have the outriggers at operational. No slewing of these cranes is to take place unless outriggers are fully extended and in place. • Do not use the crane to drag the load along the ground. Severe overloading may result. • Do not exert a sideways pull on a shackle or eyebolt. • Lower the load under crane power, except where a “chain and block” system is attached between the crane hook and the load. • The work area, equivalent to that of the extended jib, should be barricaded off to ensure unauthorized personnel do not enter the area. HAND AND PORTABLE POWER TOOLS • • • The Supervisor is primarily responsible for ensuring the safe use of tools. The use of hand and portable power tools must be accompanied with proper orientation. The use of right tools for the job eliminates potential hazards thus ensuring quality of work. Hand tool accidents from; • • • • • Human carelessness Not knowing the right tool for the job Ignorance of safety precautions Failure to maintain/keep the tools properly Not instructed for the correct usage Basic tool check ✓ Are the tools right for the job? ✓ Are the tools in safe working condition? ✓ Are the tools being used properly? ✓ Are the tools kept in a safe place? HAND TOOLS SAFETY TIPS ✓ Keep tools clean ✓ Check tools for good working condition ✓ Use the right size and type for the job ✓ Carry tools in tool box, bag or belt ✓ Do not use excessive force on the tool ✓ Wear appropriate PPE MAIN TYPES OF PORTABLE POWER TOOLS INJURIES CAUSED BY: Wheel Breaking • choose, right wheel for the task. • don’t bend or stress wheel. • ensure disc is compatible with grinder. • ensure disc is correctly fitted. • wear correct PPE for the task PNEUMATIC TOOLS DANGER • • • • Leaving airline where it may cause tripping hazard of be damaged by traffic Leaving tool with air supply switched on Disconnecting the hose from the tool using it to clean machine or clothing. Squeezing the trigger before reaching the work CARTRIDGE TOOLS • Used for fastening fixtures and materials to metal, pre-cast, pre-stressed concrete, masonry, block, brick, stone and wood surfaces • Instructions for use, handling and storage must be available on hand DANGERS • • • • Free shots Ricochet Atmosphere causing explosion Projectiles fired through the work SAFETY TIPS ✓ Do not use if your hands are wet or if standing on wet surfaces ✓ Make sure that you know how to use the tool properly ✓ If tools are misused, it can result in injury or spoiled work COMMON INJURIES ERGONOMIC Osteo-arthritis Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Tendonitis Cellulitis Tenosynovitis Epicondylitis Tension Neck/Shoulder Ganglion INJURIES CAUSED BY… ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Repeated overtime use of vibrating tool/equipment. Tools/tasks which require twisting hand or joint movement. Applying force in an awkward position. Applying excessive pressure on parts of the hands, back, wrists or joints. Working with the arms over-stretched or overhead. Working with a bent back. TAKE NOTE! The injury/disease caused by poorly designed or unsuitable tools and work stations often develop slowly over a period of months or years. However, a worker will usually have some signs and symptoms for a long period of time indicating that something is wrong. THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Because power tools often come into close contact with the body, wearing the appropriate personal protective equipment is necessary to prevent personal injury