CGC 1D1 Unit 2b Review 2022 Answers PDF

CGC 1D1: UNIT #2-part 2: REVIEW-answers Interactions with the Physical Environment – part 2 Big Question: How does the physical environment affect where Canadians live? PART ONE: DEFINITIONS Write out the following definitions in the space provided. Annual temperature temperature...

CGC 1D1: UNIT #2-part 2: REVIEW-answers Interactions with the Physical Environment – part 2 Big Question: How does the physical environment affect where Canadians live? PART ONE: DEFINITIONS Write out the following definitions in the space provided. Annual temperature temperature of the warmest month minus the temperature range: of the coldest month Climate graph (also a graph that summarizes climate data for a particular called a location climograph): Continental climate: climate in areas far from an ocean. The annual temperature range is large and precipitation is low. Dry-climate soils: soils that develop where calcification is the dominant soil-forming process Feedback Loop: a cycle in which the output of a process becomes an input back into the process Maritime climate: climate in areas near an ocean. The annual temperature range (summer to winter) is small and precipitation is high. Natural vegetation: plants that would grow in an area with no human interference Soil profile the three different layers that exist in the soil beneath the surface of the ground. Each layer has a particular combination of physical, biological, and chemical characteristics Wet-climate soils soils that develop where leaching is the dominant soil-forming process CHART WORK: Factor Description Affecting Climate Latitude Curve of the earth causes sun’s energy to be less concentrated at the poles, more at the equator ⮚ places closer to the equator are warmer than those further north or south ⮚ Warmer air can hold more moisture than colder air ⮚ areas further away from the equator are drier than those closer to it Ocean an ocean current can be warmer or cooler than the water around it Currents ⮚ therefore it acts like a river with the ocean water ⮚ air above the water is affected by temperature of the water as it passes over Winds air mass = large volume of air, has the temperature and humidity of the location where it was formed ⮚ if formed over the ocean - wet, if formed over land, dry ⮚ if formed in the north - cold, if formed in the south - warm ⮚ wind carries air masses around ⮚ most winds in Canada come from the west - called “Westerlies” ⮚ controlled by the jet stream Elevation the height of the land above sea level ⮚ as air rises it expands and cools ⮚ cold air cannot hold as much moisture as warmer air, therefore as it cools water droplets are formed ⮚ once droplets are big enough they fall down as rain or snow - depending on temperature Relief As air is forced over mountain barriers it cools and creates precipitation ⮚ the windward side of the mountain is wetter and the leeward side is drier.  Near areas close to water have their temperatures moderated by the water Water ⮚ summer - not so hot, ⮚ winter not so cold ⮚ maritime climates - near water continental climates - away from water v FOREST BOREAL DECIDUOUS MIXED WEST COAST GRASSLAND TYPE Size One of the Tiny Small Small Medium largest regions (comparatively for in the world Canada) Temperatures Winters long and Hot summers and Winters cool and Mild winters, cool Hot summers and cold cold; summers relatively mild summers warm summers winters warm and short winters Precipitation Generally higher Medium Medium High Low Soils Thin, acidic soils Fertile (not as Not as rich as those Dry-climate soils Wet-climate soils , and poor acidic as further farther south, but (Leaching common) (Calcification common) fertility north) much more fertile than those in the boreal forest Tree Species White birch and Maple, beech, and From poplar and Douglas fir, Sitka Grassland poplar common oak, and exotic balsam fir, to maple spruce, red cedar, in southern trees such as tulip and oak and western areas; farther trees and hemlock north, black butternut spruce and balsam fir Unique Fact Almost the entire Much of the Some trees more forest region has southern part of the than 50 metres tall been cleared for mixed forest has Temperate farming and urban been cleared for rainforest growth agriculture or  growing towns and cities DIAGRAMS:  CLIMATE GRAPH: City A Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Temperature -3.0 -5.6 -0.3 5.8 14.6 18.6 21.8 20.2 15.3 10.4 1.5 -5.0 (oC) Precipitation 68.0 93.4 21.4 99.0 80.9 166.6 102.4 98.6 79.2 102.0 43.6 71.6 (mm) Source: Government of Canada, Climate SHORT ANSWER: Calculate average temperature, annual temperature range and total precipitation for City A (above). Average temperature: 7.86 degrees Celsius Annual temperature range: 27.4 degrees Celsius Total precipitation: 1026.7mm Which two climactic processes are important in the development of good soil? The growing season must be long enough for rich plant growth in the summer You need just the right amount of precipitation What is leaching? The removal of nutrients important for plant growth by too much rainfall (water is constantly moving downward through the soil) What is calcification? The removal of nutrients important by plant growth by too little rainfall (water moves upwards from the soil profile) Although Vancouver and Moncton are very far apart, they are both in coastal locations at similar latitudes. In what ways are their climates similar? In what ways are they different? Similar: they both have Maritime climates Different: the West Coast has a much warmer ocean current than the East Coast, therefore Vancouver is warmer on average than Moncton Prince George is in a valley in the middle of the Western Cordillera. Why is comparing the climate of Prince George with the climates of its neighbours is not very useful? Prince George is in a “microclimate” – it’s climate is very specific to the valley that it resides in and is primarily affected by Elevation and Relief Precipitation. In general, the Cordilleran climate and soil regions is not uniform This is not surprising, since conditions can change dramatically from one place to another, even If the two places are only a few kilometres apart A windward slope can have lush forest while a nearby valley can be a dry grassland area Also, temperature and rainfall change as you go up a mountain, so the types of vegetation can change from a lush rainforest to a barren, treeless slope Describe a Modified Continental Climate: Areas near the Great Lakes are far enough away from the ocean that they should be continental, but because they are so large, the Great Lakes provide a partial maritime influence. (e.g. Toronto) They moderate the temperatures somewhat and provide a source of moisture, as long as they are not frozen. Once they are frozen, they act just like land. What is a transition zone? An area where the vegetation changes gradually What three main types of vegetation does Canada have? Tundra, forest and grassland PARAGRAPH: How does Climate Change affect the Inuit of the north? What can be done to maintain their traditional lifestyle? OR “How do different climate, soil, and natural vegetation regions in Canada contribute to where and how people live”? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________