Semester Final Review PDF
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This is a review of the semester's final for the Global Tapestry unit. The document includes questions about Chinese dynasties, cultural traditions, and the spread of ideas.
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Semester Final Review nit 1 - Global Tapestry U Himmler History Unit 1 Review Video Freeman-Pedia - Unit 1 I can explain the systems of government ong Dynasty:The imperial bureaucracy, a S employed by Chi...
Semester Final Review nit 1 - Global Tapestry U Himmler History Unit 1 Review Video Freeman-Pedia - Unit 1 I can explain the systems of government ong Dynasty:The imperial bureaucracy, a S employed by Chinese dynasties and how they system of government in which most of the xdeveloped over time. important decisions are made by state officials, grew in scope through the civil service exam, which was merit-based(the most qualified got the job). I can explain the effects of Chinese cultural imilar Song China ideas spread to Korea, S traditions on East Asia over time. Vietnam, and Japan(e.g. Buddhism and Confucianism spread to Korea & Japan) I can explain the effects of innovation on the ommercialization of Economy- Manufacturers C Chinese economy over time. produced more goods then they consumed, sold goods in China and Eurasia gricultural Innovation- Champa rice, for A example, led to an increase in population because it could be harvested multiple times a year, it was drought resistant, and it ripened early ransportation Innovations- The Grand Canal T expanded and it facilitated trade and communication in China Paper money, gunpowder, moveable type I can explain how systems of belief and their hristianity, Buddhism, and Judaism shaped C practices affected society in the period from c. societal values, governance and cultural practices 1200 to c. 1450. during this period I can explain the causes and effects of the rise of he dominant empires were led by Turkic T Islamic states over time. empires, not Arab(e.g. The Abbasid Caliphate, ethnically Arab, was a dominant power in the Muslim world before 1200, but after 1200, they began to lose their power and otherTurkicpeople began to dominate after them) eljuks were sent by the Abbasids for military S help, but they instead fought with the Abbasids I can explain the effects of intellectual innovation asir Al-Din-Al Tusi: made advancements in N in Dar al-Islam. mathematics and invented trigonometry uslim scholars preserved Greek philosophy and M writing by translating it to Arabic and commenting on them he House of Wisdom - a center for learning T during the Golden Age of Islam xplain how the various belief systems and E induism - South Asia; remained the most popular H practices of South and Southeast Asia affected region in India; underwent some changes(the society over time. Bhakti Movement, which emphasized devotion to only one of the Hindu gods) Islam - South & Southeast Asia; Not as popular as Hinduism, but popular because it spread due to Islamic empires such as the Delhi Sultanate uddhism - Southeast Asia; wasn’t as popular in B India when compared to Hinduism & Islam I can explain how and why various states of South S outheast Asia: and Southeast Asia developed and maintained power over time. Majahapit - a Buddhist kingdom based in Java; maintained its control by controlling sea routes for trade hmer - Originally Hindu, later Buddhist; The K temple Angkor Wat reflects the religious continuity and change over time South Asia: elhi Sultanate - ruled most of North India, but D couldn’t make the entire Hindu population of India convert to Islam ajput Kingdom - a collection of warring kingdoms R that resisted Muslim rule in Northern India ijayanagara Empire - a Hindu kingdom that rose V up in southern India as a counterpoint to Muslim rule in the north. I can explain how and why states in the Americas ztec - Created a system of tribute states(the A developed and changed over time. people they conquered were required to give them labour, goods such as food, animals, building materials, etc.), and services(slaves for human sacrifice); Decentralized Inca - Adopted the Mit’a system, which required all people to provide work on state projects(like state farms, mining, state construction projects, etc.); Centralized ississippian Culture - Large towns dominated M smaller settlements politically; Agrarian; Known for monumental mounds, around which towns were organized(largest one being the Cahokia Mound) I can explain how and why states in Africa wahili Civilization - a series of cities organized S developed and changed over time. around commerce(trading along the East African coast); Each city was politically independent, but they shared a common social hierarchy; Swahili; became more Islamic hana, Mali, Songhay - Growth was also driven G by trade and all three states were Muslim, however only the elites and government officials converted to Islam; Centralized ausa Kingdoms - City states; Just like the H Swahili, they had a common language and culture; Grew powerful through land-based trade in the Trans-Saharan he Great Zimbabwe - grew due to trade; the T economy was based on farming and cattle herding, but later shifted to gold mining due to increasing African and international trade. he Kingdom of Ethiopia - grew and flourished T due to trade; Christian; The Kingdom of Ethiopia didn’t convert to Islam xplain how the beliefs and practices of the E astern Orthodox Christianity - dominated the E predominant religions in Europe affected Byzantine Empire and Kievan Rus European society. Roman Catholicism - Dominated Western Europe yzantine Empire - represented the eastern half of B the Roman Empire, was in a decline ievan Rus - Eastern Orthodox Christianity united K the people and included them in a larger network of trade estern Europe - Roman Catholicism linked the W states in WE culturally, xplain the causes and consequences of political E decentralization in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450. C auses: Fall of strong empires, rise of feudalism, and power of the Catholic Church. onsequences: Fragmented states, feudal C hierarchies, and eventual centralization in places like France and England. xplain the effects of agriculture on social E Innovations like the three-field system boosted organization in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450. food production and population. Manorialism tied peasants to land under lords. he Black Death led to labor shortages, T weakening feudalism. nit 2 - Networks of Exchange U Himmler History Unit 2 Review Video Freeman-Pedia Unit 2 xplain the causes and effects of growth of E ilk Road Characteristics - trade of luxury goods, S networks of exchange after 1200. -Silk Roads expensive travel, and growing demand Demand for luxury goods Silk, porcelain Innovations that facilitated the expansions of these networks: aravanserai - inns and guest houses that C facilitated cultural and technological transfers oney economies - the use of paper money to M facilitate exchange lying money - allowed merchants to deposit F money in one place and withdrawing in another location redit - the introduction of new forms of credit, C such as banking houses, made it easier for merchants to receive payment Powerful trading cities ashgar - located in between two routes of the K Silk Road, flourished due to its strategic location Effects ultural Diffusion: The Silk Roads facilitated the C spread of religions (e.g., Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity), technologies, and ideas. For instance, Chinese inventions like gunpowder and paper spread westward. conomic Impact: Regions along the Silk Roads, E such as Central Asia, saw economic prosperity due to their role as intermediaries. echnological Transfers: Exchanges of T technologies, such as agricultural innovations and improvements in navigation, helped societies grow. xplain the causes and effects of growth of E he understanding of monsoon winds made trade T networks of exchange after 1200. -Indian Ocean along this network possible Trade Network Technological innovations: agnetic compass - improved navigation, allowing M merchants to determine direction in the ocean strolabe - used for measuring stars and A determining latitude and longitude ew ship designs - the Chinese Jump, for N example, could hold and transport large quantities of goods rowth of States G Swahili city-states: Acted as brokers for goods originating from Africa(gold, ivory, slaves, etc.); Later became Islamic and got connected with the trading world of Dar-al Islam iasporic Communities: D For example, Arab and Persian communities being established in East Africa led to the further spread of Islam; a new language called Swahili was created as a result heng He was sent to the Indian Ocean to Z establish tributary relationships with states in the Indian Ocean; his voyages led to transfer of advanced maritime technology(including navigation tools and shipbuilding methods) xplain the causes and effects of growth of E networks of exchange after 1200. - Causes: Trans-Saharan Trade Network Improved Camel Saddle: Enabled transport of heavier loads across the desert. Demand for Goods: Gold, salt, and other goods fueled trade across the Sahara. Strong Empires: Empires like Mali secured trade routes and encouraged commerce. Effects: ealth of Mali: The Mali Empire grew rich W through gold trade and taxing merchants, with Mansa Musa using this wealth to expand influence. Cultural Exchange: Islam spread into West Africa through trade. Economic Interdependence: West Africa provided gold, while the Mediterranean traded salt and other goods. xplain the intellectual and cultural effects of the E ultural C various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia Transfer of Religion: The spread of Buddhism from c. 1200 to c. 1450. from South Asia to China via the Silk Road iterary & Artistic Transfers: Islamic scholars in L Baghdad’s House of Wisdom translated Greek and Roman classics into Arabic and commented on those; later influenced the Renaissance cientific & Technological: The transfer of S gunpowder from China to Muslim empires & European states ise and fall of cities R Hangzhou - Prospered due to its location on the Grand Canal Baghdad - Sacked by the Mongols in 1258 Ibn Battuta - traveled around Afro Eurasia xplain the environmental effects of the various E rop Transfer C networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia from c. Champa rice - A grain of rice introduced to 1200 to c. 1450. China(it could be harvested easily, so increase food production and spike in population) isease Transfer D The Black Death - a disease that was spread by the Mongols along the Silk Road; carried by rats and fleas xplain the similarities and differences among the E various networks of exchange in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450. xplain the process of state building and decline E eplaced powerful empires across Eurasia, R in Eurasia over time. -Mongols including the Song Dynasty and the Abbasid Empire. xplain how the expansion of empires influenced E argest Land-Based Empire - Networks of L trade and communication over time. -Mongols exchange increased significantly under Mongol rule, with the Silk Roads flourishing under their control. Increased Trade - Networks of exchange increased significantly under Mongol rule, with the Silk Roads flourishing under their control. acilitated Technological & Cultural Transfer - F Enabled the transfer of Greek and Islamic medical knowledge to Western Europe, and adopted the Uighur script as a written language. xplain the significance of the Mongol Empire in E ax Mongolica - A period of peace with increased P larger patterns of continuity and change. trade, religious toleration, communication, cooperation, etc. The Mongols facilitated trade nit 3 - Land Based Empires U Himmler History Unit 3 Review Video Freeman-Pedia Unit 3 xplain how and why various land-based empires E he Ottoman Empire - expanded in the 14th T developed and expanded from 1450 to 1750. century due to gunpowder weapons, which spread from China to various parts of Afro Eurasia via trading routes; Conquered Anatolia & Southwestern Europe by the 15th century; Conquered Constantinople in 1453, which allowed them to expand more into Eastern Europe; Established the Janissary army, which consisted of Christians who converted to Islam The Safavid Empire - Founded at the beginning of the 16th century; Expanded through gunpowder weapons; Established an army composed of Christians; Safavids were Shia, Ottomans were Sunni he Mughal Empire - Expanded through T gunpowder weapons; Founded by Babur, who overthrew the Delhi Sultanate; the empire, led by Akbar expanded further; religiously tolerant he Manchu Dynasty - Expanded through T gunpowder weapons, Founded by the Manchu people after they overthrew the Ming Conflicts between Empires: Safavid-Mughal: Fought over Afghanistan xplain how rulers used a variety of methods to E Legitimization & Colonization of Power legitimize and consolidate their power in land-based empires from 1450 to 1750. ivine right of kings - Europeans argued that the D right to rule was given by god, legitimizing their authority Sun Temple Imperial portraits - Kangi used imperial portraits to convince others that he was legitimate xplain continuity and change within the various E oman Catholic Church - still remained but some R belief systems during the period from 1450 to corrupt values were changed through the Council 1750. of Trent rotestant Reformation - Retained core Christian P teachings, but rejected certain Catholic practices(simony, absolution) The Sunni-Shia split occurred because Shah Ismail declared that the Safavids would be Shia, leading them to fight with other Sunni empires. Sikhism - a mix of Hinduism and Islam ompare the methods by which various empires C increased their influence from 1450 to 1750. nit 4 - Maritime Empires U Himmler History Unit 4 Review Video Freeman-Pedia Unit 4 xplain the economic causes and effects of E ercantilism - a state-driven economic system M maritime exploration by the various European that sees the world's wealth as a fixed amount, states. and the goal is to get as much of that wealth as possible. joint stock company - a limited liability business ften chartered by the state, funded by a group of o private investors(Dutch East India) xplain the causes of the Columbian Exchange E he Columbian Exchange - the transfer of foods, T and its effects on the Eastern and Western plants, disease, and animals between the eastern Hemispheres. and western hemispheres Effects ransfer of disease - Diseases like smallpox, T measles, and malaria killed over 50% of the Native population ransfer of food & plants - Potatoes and maize, T for example, were introduced to Europe, Africa, & Asia, leading to a spike in population after 1700 and healthier populations ash Crops - Workers were needed for sugar and C tobacco plantations, so the number of enslaved Africans sold through the transatlantic slave trade increased and they were sent to those sugar and tobacco plantations. xplain the process of state building and E uropean Maritime Expansion: Spain, Portugal, E expansion among various empires and states in Britain, France, and the Netherlands expanded the period from 1450 to 1750. through exploration and colonization, controlling key trade routes and establishing overseas empires. unpowder Empires: The Ottomans, Safavids, G and Mughals used military innovations like gunpowder to conquer lands and centralize power. conomic Drivers: Mercantilism, joint-stock E companies, and the transatlantic slave trade fueled economic growth and expansion. eligious Justification: European powers R spread Christianity, while empires like the Ottoman Empire used Islam to legitimize rule. esistance: Indigenous peoples and local R kingdoms resisted colonization and empire expansion from Europeans, though often unsuccessfully; the Tokugawa Shogunate and Europeans xplain the continuities and changes in economic E systems and labor systems from 1450 to 1750. Continuities: gricultural Labor Systems: Rulers continued to A rely on agriculture and taxes from land for economic stability. rade Networks: Long-distance trade, like the Silk T Road and Indian Ocean trade, remained vital. Changes: ercantilism: European rulers adopted M mercantilism, seeking to control trade and accumulate wealth through colonies. lave Labor: The transatlantic slave trade became S crucial for colonial economies, especially in the Americas. Indentured Servitude: Indentured servitude was used in European colonies to fill labor shortages, eventually replaced by slavery. xplain changes and continuities in systems of E ontinuity C slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. Mita system - Incas forced people to work on state projects for a certain amount of time hange C Chattel slavery - where the purchaser has total ownership over the enslaved person Indentured servitude - where a worker would sign a contract that would bound them to a particular work for a certain period of time Encomienda - where natives were divided among panish settlers and were forced to work for the S Spanish in exchange for food and protection acienda - indigenous laborers were forced to H work on plantation fields known as haciendas. xplain how rulers employed economic strategies E ercantilism - European rulers focused on M to consolidate and maintain power throughout the controlling trade and accumulating wealth through period from 1450 to 1750. colonies. olonial Exploitation - Colonies provided raw C materials and resources to strengthen European economies. lave Labor - Rulers relied on slave labor in the S Americas to support plantation economies. tate-Controlled Economies - Rulers imposed S taxes and monopolies to centralize economic control and maintain power. xplain the continuities and xchanges in networks E of exchange from 1450 to 1750. nit 5 - Revolutions (Part 1) U Himmler History -5.1 Video;5.2 Video;5.3 Video;5.4 Video Freeman-Pedia Unit 5 xplain the intellectual and ideological context in E evolutions across the world were influenced by R which revolutions swept the Atlantic world from the Enlightenment(which supported rational 1750 to 1900. thought and empiricism, where knowledge is based on experience) & the Scientific Revolution xplain how the Enlightenment affected societies E he Enlightenment made societies question T over time. religious authority, meaning that society became more rationalistic. xplain causes and effects of the various E auses: C revolutions in the period from 1750 to 1900. The rise of nationalism - people around the world developed a sense of commonality in language, religion, social customs, etc. iscontent w/ monarchist and imperial rule - D People didn’t like being controlled by a government and had a new idea of government where there was freedom evelopment of new ideologies and systems of D government - Popular Sovereignty, Democracy, Liberalism Effects: xpansion of suffrage, or the right to vote - for E example, only white males with land could vote after the American Revolution(1776), but after that, the laws were changed so that all white males could vote(early 1800s), and later black males could also vote too(1870). bolition of Slavery - Enlightenment thinkers A criticized slavery because it doesn’t consider people’s national right(e.g. As a result of an Abolitionist movement, Great Britain abolished slavery in 1807) End of Serfdom xplain how environmental factors contributed to E lose to waterways - made the transportation of C industrialization from 1750 to 1900. manufactured goods easier ccess to foreign resources - Led to more A accumulation of capital(e.g. cotton in India & timber in North America) Improved agricultural production - led to a spike in population because production was more efficient and that more food was available(crop rotation, rotating different crops in and out of the field, & seed drill, drilling seeds in a certain spot in a ground.) eographic distribution of coal, timber, and iron - G Great Britain was atop coal deposits, so they used that coal to power steam engines; Coal also led to increased iron production, which was used for buildings, machines, etc. olumbian Exchange - led a spike in population C because more food was available(e.g. The potato was introduced to Europe from the Americas and it diversified their diets, especially among the impoverished, making them healthier) Rapid urbanization - because less people were eeded in rural areas due to the creation of n machines, they moved to urban areas he legal protection of private property - assured T entrepreneurs that their property wouldn’t be stolen xplain how different modes and locations of E Agrarian -> industrial production have developed and changed over time. (Explain the spread of industrialization to other locations.)
