Reflection and Self-Regulation PDF

 Reflection and self regulation BY : Dr / Sara Mazen Samir Mohamed Demonstrator of Medical Education Faculty of Medicine / Mansoura University Email : [email protected]  Intended learning outcomes )ILOs) By the end of this lecture each student will be a...

 Reflection and self regulation BY : Dr / Sara Mazen Samir Mohamed Demonstrator of Medical Education Faculty of Medicine / Mansoura University Email : [email protected]  Intended learning outcomes )ILOs) By the end of this lecture each student will be able to : Define Reflection and self regulation Outline Benefits of reflection Demonstrate Gibbs' Model of reflection Identify Methods of Reflection Outline Barriers to reflection Identify the role of reflection and self regulation Discuss the importance of Self-Regulation Discuss the 3 phases of self regulation  What is reflection ? Reflection is a metacognitive process that occurs before, during and after situations with the purpose of developing greater understanding of both the self and the situation so that future action can be informed by this understanding. Reflection in the education context can be considered as: a process in which thoughts are ‘turned back’ so that they can be interpreted or analyzed. Metacognition :Thinking about thinking (the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes)  Benefits of reflection Improve decision- Encourage Empathy Increase self-awareness making skills Reflective practice encourages students to consider the patient's enables students to explore into through reflection you can perspective, fostering empathy their values, beliefs, and emotions analyze your decisions and find and promoting patient-centered ways to improve them care. Improve communication Enhance lifelong learning when you reflect on your actions , as students continuously seek you see where you may need to Improve critical thinking opportunities for self- improve in your interactions with improvement and professional others. development.  Gibbs' Model of reflection One widely used model is Gibbs' Reflective Cycle. It provides a framework for individuals to critically analyze their experiences, explore their thoughts and feelings, and identify areas for improvement The Gibbs Reflective Cycle consists of six stages  Stages of Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle 1. Description: In this stage, you provide a detailed description of the experience you are reflecting upon. This includes the people involved, and any relevant background information. 2. Feelings: Reflect on your thoughts and emotions during the experience. Consider how the event made you feel. Pay attention to both positive and negative emotions. 3. Evaluation: In this stage, you critically analyze the experience and evaluate its positive and negative aspects. Consider what worked well and what didn’t work well  Stages of Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle 4. Analysis: Reflect on the situation and try to make sense of it. Consider the reasons behind your actions, and any underlying factors that may have contributed to the outcome. 5. Conclusion: Draw conclusions from your analysis. Identify key lessons learned from the experience and consider what you could have done differently 6. Action Plan: Determine what actions you will take based on your conclusions. Set goals for personal development and improvement and make a plan for implementing these changes in your future practice.  Methods of Reflection 1. Written Reflection: This method involves writing a reflective journal or diary to document your experiences 2. Group Reflection: Group reflection involves engaging in reflective discussions with peers or colleagues. This method encourages exchanging feedback, and learning from each other's experiences. 3. Mentorship and feedback: Regular feedback from mentors and supervisors helps students reflect on their performance and identify areas for improvement 4. Portfolio Reflection: it involves using a portfolio or collection of evidence to reflect on one's learning and professional development. This method allows for the documentation of achievements, experiences, and reflections over time  Time limitations: Medical professionals often Barriers to have busy schedules, leaving little time for reflection reflection Fear of judgement: Medical professionals may fear being judged or criticized by peers or supervisors when reflecting on their experiences Emotional discomfort: Reflecting on difficult or experiences can bring up emotions such as guilt, shame, or anxiety, which can act as barriers to engaging in reflection. Lack of role models: If medical professionals do not see reflection being modeled by their superiors or colleagues, they may be less likely to engage in reflective practices themselves. Situation 1: During a practical session, you were tasked with performing a medical procedure for the first time. Reflect on your experience  1 - Description: Describe the situation: I Was assigned to perform a medical procedure( intravenous (IV) line )for the first time under the supervision of a healthcare professional. What happened? I followed the necessary steps, but encountered challenges and had difficulty successfully completing the procedure. Who was involved? Me , the healthcare professional, and potentially other team members.  2- Feelings / 3- Evaluation Feelings: - How did you feel during the situation? Initially, I felt a mix of excitement and nervousness about performing the procedure. - What were your emotions? As I encountered challenges and struggled to complete the procedure, I started feeling disappointed in myself. Evaluation: - What was positive about the situation? I had the opportunity to gain hands-on experience and practice the procedure. - What was negative about the situation? I faced challenges and were unable to successfully complete the procedure as desired.  4- Analysis: What sense can you make of the situation? I realized that performing medical procedures requires practice, and it is normal to encounter challenges and make mistakes along the way. What were the contributing factors? Limited experience and the complexity of the procedure may have contributed to the challenges faced.  5– Conclusion / 6- Action plan Conclusion: - What else could you have done? I could have asked for additional guidance from the healthcare professional during the procedure. - What are the potential implications for future practice? This experience highlighted the importance of continuous learning, seeking guidance, and practicing regularly. Action Plan: - What steps will you take to address the situation in the future? I will seek additional support when learning new procedures, practice regularly, and engage in continuous learning to improve my skills.  What is self-regulation ? Self-regulation refers to the ability of individuals to monitor, control, and adapt their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to achieve desired goals Self-regulation is closely related to reflection, as learners must be able to reflect on their own performance in order to identify areas for improvement.  The Role of reflection and self-regulation In medical education , Self-regulation and reflection are both essential skills for learners as it allows them to take control of their own learning and progress. By reflecting on their actions and outcomes, learners can regulate their own behavior and identify areas where they need improvement and take steps to address those areas.  1. Continuous Learning and Improvement: Self- regulation drives healthcare professionals to engage in lifelong learning and continuous professional development. 2. Adaptability: Self-regulation equips students with the ability to adapt to new challenges and changes in Importance of healthcare practices Self-Regulation 3. Patient care and safety: Self-regulation enhance commitment to patient care and safety, as students actively monitor their performance and take steps to ensure competence. 4. Well-being: Self-regulation contributes to well-being as self-regulated learners are more likely to manage their time effectively, prioritize self-care, and maintain a healthy work-life balance, promoting overall well-being.  Phases of Self-Regulation 1-Forethought Phase 2. Performance Phase: 3. Self-Reflection Phase: This is the phase where learners take action and do learners reflect on their learners set goals, make a the task towards their goal. performance and evaluate plan, gather the resources They use their plan and their progress towards their they need and determine put in effort to complete the goals. their motivation. task. They assess their strengths and weaknesses, They monitor their identify areas for progress, make improvement, and adjustments to their consider strategies to strategies if necessary. enhance their future learning.  Reflection and self-regulation are essential for personal growth and achieving goals.  Reflection allows us to gain self-awareness and learn from experiences, while self-regulation helps us control and adjust our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.  By combining these practices, we create a cycle of continuous improvement and increase our chances of success.  MCQ  Why is reflection important in healthcare? a) It helps healthcare professionals avoid difficult situations b) It allows for continuous learning and improvement c) It promotes competition among healthcare professionals d) It helps healthcare professionals maintain a positive attitude e) It prevents personal growth (b)  MCQ  In the Gibbs Cycle, the Description stage involves: a) Identifying the key points of the experience b) Reflecting on the emotions and thoughts during theexperience c) Analyzing the factors that contributed to the experience d) Formulating an action plan for future improvement e) Assessing the positive and negative aspects of the experience (a)  MCQ Self-regulation involves: a) Relying solely on external regulations and guidelines b) Being self-critical and judgmental c) Seeking constant validation from others d) Setting personal standards and monitoring one's behavior e) Blaming others for mistakes (d)  MCQ  Sarah is a medical student who recently had an interaction with a difficult patient. She wants to reflect on the situation using the Gibbs Reflective Cycle Which stage of the cycle involves exploring the emotions experienced during the interaction? a) Conclusion b) Analysis c) Evaluation d) Feelings (d) e) Description  References  Sandars J. The use of reflection in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 44. Med Teach. 2009 Aug;31(8):685-95. doi: 10.1080/01421590903050374. PMID: 19811204  Nishamali Jayatilleke, Anne Mackie, Reflection as part of continuous professional development for public health professionals: a literature review, Journal of Public Health, Volume 35, Issue 2, June 2013, Pages 308– 312, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fds083  John Sandars & Timothy J. Cleary (2011) Self-regulation theory: Applications to medical education: AMEE Guide No. 58, Medical Teacher, 33:11, 875-886, DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2011.595434