Principles Of Cardiovascular Pharmacology PDF

PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY PRINCIPLES OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY WO N G C H U N K E U N G 23 SEP 2024 1 PRINCIPLES OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY Types of heart medications Pharmacology of blood vessels Drugs for hyperlipidemia Anticoagulants an...

PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY PRINCIPLES OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY WO N G C H U N K E U N G 23 SEP 2024 1 PRINCIPLES OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY Types of heart medications Pharmacology of blood vessels Drugs for hyperlipidemia Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents 5 COMMON SYMPTOM OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA - ANGINA E in Not a disease itself Instead, it is a symptom of the other underlying condition Patient feel like pressure, squeezing or pain in the chest Angina occurs when part of the heart not receiving enough oxygen https://vivircomoadultomayor.blogspot.com/2016/08/que-es-la-angina-de-pecho.html 8  ANTI-ISCHEMIC DRUG THERAPY Anti-ischaemic drugs decrease myocardial oxygen consumption 76 Lowering heart rate, blood pressure, myocardial contractility or ventricular preload Increase myocardial oxygen supply (by coronary vasodilatation) https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/pharmacology/chapter/6-3-common-cardiac-disorders/ 9 ANTI-ISCHEMIC DRUG THERAPY >mostly elderly Nitroglycerin – A vasodilatory drug (drugs that open the blood vessels) – Provide relief from anginal chest pain (chest pain due to reduced blood flow to heart muscles) – Acute relief of an attack of angina pectoris (or simply angina) https://thuocdantoc.vn/thuoc/glyceryl-trinitrate 10 COMMON CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS Nimodipine Lipid soluble Penetrates the blood-brain barrier Suitable for vascular spasm after intracerebral bleeding Vascular spasm Narrowing of the arteries Persistent contraction of the blood vessels This vasoconstriction reduce blood flow https://s3.amazonaws.com/static.wd7.us/f/fd/Nimodipine_label_01.jpg 18 TWO MAIN TYPES OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS Dihydropyridines Nondihydropyridines Nimodipine Diltiazem Nicardipine Verapamil Nifedipine Dihydropyridines target blood vessels and cause them to relax Non-dihydropyridines. There are two calcium channel blockers approved in the U.S. that aren’t dihydropyridines. They target heart muscle as well as blood vessels, effective at treating heart rhythm problems 23 MOST COMMONLY PRESCRIBED DIURETICS Thiazides are the most commonly prescribed diuretics Not only decrease fluids, thiazides also cause the blood vessels to relax #1 Earn y Avoid diuretics if you: Have severe dehydration Have anuria (lack of urine production) Have an electrolyte abnormality Have a known hypersensitivity https://www.pharmacy180.com/article/sar-of- thiazide-diruretics-2268/ 26 ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBS) Also known as angiotensin II receptor antagonists Used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure Also used in chronic kidney disease and prescribed following a heart attack 32 WHAT IS CHRONIC AND ACUTE HEART FAILURE? Chronic Heart Failure A condition that the heart has trouble pumping blood through the body The condition may develop over a long period of time Symptoms include shortness of breath, swelling of the ankles, feet and abdomen, problems exercising and fatigue Acute heart failure A sudden, life-threatening condition that the heart can no longer do its job 37