HRE2O1 Christ and Culture Exam Review January 2024 PDF

HRE2O1 CHRIST AND CULTURE EXAM REVIEW Date: Monday, January 27, 2024 Time: 8:30 - 10:00 AM Location: Portable 5​ ​ ​ ​ Exam Breakdown: The final exam is worth 15% of your final grade (KICA) Part A Multiple Ch...

HRE2O1 CHRIST AND CULTURE EXAM REVIEW Date: Monday, January 27, 2024 Time: 8:30 - 10:00 AM Location: Portable 5​ ​ ​ ​ Exam Breakdown: The final exam is worth 15% of your final grade (KICA) Part A Multiple Choice / 30 Part B Matching / 10 Part C Parable Analysis / 12 Part D Sacraments / 18 -​ give 3/7 -​ identify what category it falls in -​ gives 2 symbols and 2 rituals Part E Biblical Interpretation / 10 Total Marks / 80 Marks biblical interpretation: ​ 2 passages ○​ each worth 5 marks ​ 2 questions each ○​ reading comprehension 1.​ thinking and in depth 2.​ talked about in class already ○​ significant events ○​ few comprehension questions  UNIT 1: MORALITY KEY TERMS: ​ Distributive justice: What society owes to its individual members for the common good (i.e. the right to basic needs like food, shelter and education). ○​ How wealth, work, rights, and so on are shared fairly within a community. ​ Sin: as defined by the church– the failure to love​ | a break in our relationship with God ○​ The Hebrew translation is hata, which means to “miss the mark” ​ Natural law: a theory that states that humans possess basic values that govern their reasoning and behaviour ○​ The rules of right and wrong are inherent in people, not created by society or the court ○​ Gives humans the opportunity to work towards the greater good ​ Charism: spiritual gift or grace given by the Holy Spirit to persons for their own spiritual improvement as well as for the benefit of the Christian community ​ Stewardship: caring for the Earth and protecting all of God’s creations (people and the planet), as a requirement of our faith QUESTIONS: 1.​ Know and explain the seven principles of Catholic Social Teaching with examples for each. 1)​ Human Dignity: all human life is sacred, and we are made in the image of God ​ Aim to help others live their lives to the fullest ​ This belief is the foundation of all of the social teachings 2)​ Call to Family, Community, and Participation: we’re all social beings, meaning we must support and strengthen the social institutions of marriage and family ​ Make our economy, politics, law, and polic benefit all people ​ Everyone has a right and duty to participate in society and seek the common good 3)​ Rights and Responsbilities: we have a fundamental right to life and a right to those required for human decency ​ Corresponding to these rights are duties and responsibilities to one another, our familys, and the larger society  4)​ Preferential Option for the Poor: we must put the needs of society’s most poor and vulnerable members first ​ We must not only help the poor financially, but also thosde who arre deprived of their rights and equal participation in society 5)​ Dignity of Work and the Rights of Workers: the economy must serve people, not the other way around– people should be the top priority ​ Work is more than a way to make a living; it’s about taking part in creation ​ Respecting the rights of workers is important to uphold the dignity of work ​ Examples: proper work conditions, wages, unions, etc… 6)​ Stewards of Creation: we show our respect for the Creator by our stewardship of creation ​ Care for the Earth is a requirement of our faith ​ We are called to protect people and the planet, living our faith in relationship with all of God’s creation ​ Fundamental moral and ethical dimensions that shouldn’t be ignored 7)​ Solidarity: we are one human family., despite national, racial, ethnic, economic, and ideologic differences | we are our brothers’ and sisters’ keepers 2.​ Know the difference between a political structure and an economic structure with examples. Economic Structure Political Structure Type of work people do in their society. The way in which a government is run & the laws Types of the structures include: and regulations that are in place. 1)​ Primary industry: fishing, farming The world’s 3 main political structures are: 2)​ Secondary industry: manufacturing jobs, 1)​ Democracy: country is ruled by the people paper or elected officials (i.e. Canada) 3)​ Tertiary industry: jobs that provides 2)​ Totalitarianism: government has complete services such as teaching, nursing control over the people (i.e. North Korea) 4)​ Quaternary industry: research and 3)​ Autoritarian: less controlling than development-type jobs totalitarianism but the government is still in control (i.e. Cuba) 3.​ What is the difference between Spiritual Works of Mercy and Corporal Works of Mercy? The Seven Corporal Works of Mercy The Seven Spiritual Works of Mercy Actions mentioned by Jesus that give comfort to They take care of the spiritual needs and mental those experiencing specific types of physical health of others: suffering: ​ Instructing in the gospel ​ Feeding the hungry ​ Advising those who are searching for ​ Giving water to the thirsty answers ​ Clothing the naked ​ Admonishing the sinner (offering support ​ Visiting the sick without judgement) ​ Visiting the imprisoned ​ Comforting those who suffer ​ Shelthering the homeless ​ Fofrgiving enemies and those who offend ​ Burying the deaf ​ Patiently enduring unfairness ​ Praying for the living and the dead UNIT 2: SCRIPTURE AND JESUS KEY TERMS:  ​ Inerrancy: the Bible contains eternal truths that teach us about who we are and what it means to be in relationship with God ​ Inspiration: God inspired the authors of the books of the Bible to record the work of God in their time, and their own lives ​ Testament: witness or agreement ​ Textualist (literalist): Text only – In order to understand the text, you just have to read the text. ​ Contextualist: Text and Context – In order to understand the text, you must read the text along with its context (history, culture, etc.) ○​ ie. making assumptions and understanding the context during a certain time period ​ Dei Verbum: Word of God - The interpreter must investigate what meaning the sacred writer intended to express and actually expressed in particular circumstances ​ Q Hypothesis: a theoretical solution to the synoptic problem was proposed that found a lot of support in academic circles. ○​ Biblical scholars have generally accepted the Q hypothesis as the best way to account for the similarities and differences among the synoptic gospels. ​ The reason why there are similarities and differences in the gospels ○​ In brief, the hypothesis proposes that Matthew and Luke copied much of Mark and also copied from Q, a collection of things Jesus said. Matthew and Luke also had their own sources unique to each of them. ​ Incarnation: God took human form in the body of Christ Questions: 1.​ What is the difference between literal and contextual? How do we read the Bible and why? We read the bible with context (contextually). Specifically, biblical exegesis gives us context (the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea). A particular story or passage in the Bible can be fully understood only within the complete picture of both the Old and New Testaments. It also needs to be understood in relation to the life, teachings, death, and Resurrection of Jesus Christ ​ Literal: reading word for word. ​ Contextual: as Catholics, we believe in looking at the meaning behind what is being said in the bible. 2.​ What are the four gospels? A gospel refers to the proclamation of faith, which the “Good News” of Jesus Christ is the life and teachings of Jesus. It focuses on Jesus’s life and teachings and each gospel has a different viewpoint of Jesus’ life and how they see Jesus. ​ The first Gospel, Mark, was not written until over 20 years after the death and resurrection of Jesus, possibly 54 C.E. ​ Matthew, Mark and Luke are the Synoptic Gospels because they are very similar. 3.​ How does each gospel portray Jesus? 1.​ Mark: Suffering Saviour ​ Due to persecution of the Christians at the time  ​ Mark includes an aura of secrecy in this Gospel known as the messianic secret. ​ Those who should recognize Jesus as the Messiah fail to do so. ​ Mark emphasizes the humanity of Jesus. 2.​ Matthew: Teaching Saviour ​ Due to connections made with Moses and fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies ​ Matthew wanted his Jewish Christian readers to know that believing in Jesus was a continuation of their tradition. ​ Matthew highlights Jesus as the fulfillment of many Old Testament hopes and prophecies. ​ He validates the community’s link to the covenant promises of the past, while justifying their new devotion to Christ and his mission. 3.​ Luke: Compassionate Saviour ​ Due to the Gentiles being the poor and outcast of society at the time. ​ Luke paints a picture of Jesus as the compassionate Savior who welcomes all. ​ Much of Jesus’ ministry and preaching is directed toward the plight of the anawim, meaning the poor and marginalized. ​ Luke emphasizes the presence of women in the ministry of Jesus. ​ The final groups given special attention in the Gospel of Luke are those who are sick and sinners. 4.​ John: Universal (Life Giving) Saviour ​ For Christians of all backgrounds ​ Due to people of all backgrounds- all people can have rich and fuller lives through him. ​ John uses high Christology—a term used to describe how John proclaims from the very beginning that Jesus is God, the Eternal Word of the Father. ​ Highlighting jesus is god, unlike the others that describe him as more as a human 4.​ What are the synoptic gospels? ​ Matthew, Mark and Luke are the Synoptic Gospels because they are very similar. ○​ Synoptic means “seeing together”. Bible experts believe they were written based on a Q Hypothesis. ○​ All the other gospels were based off of Mark, the first gospel 5.​ Why is it important to keep the Q hypothesis in mind when reading the synoptic gospels? The Q hypothesis should be kept in mind when reading the synoptic gospels because it is the solution to the synoptic “Problem”; why symbiotic gospels are similar and different. The Gospels use different sources to pass along Jesus’ stories and work together in various ways to pass on Jesus’s words and teachings. Mark is the base and source where a couple hundred years later, Matthew and Luke used a part of Mark’s gospel to write their own Gospels. Q is another source that does not show up in Mark, but is shown in Matthew and Luke. The hypothesis proposes that Matthew and Luke copied much of Mark and also copied from Q, a collection of things Jesus said along with their own sources unique to each of them. 6.​ Who is John the Baptist? John the Baptist was mentioned In Luke's infancy narrative as Jesus’ cousin who was born around the same time as him. There isn't much information about John in the Bible, but he seems to fit the profile of a group of desert  dwellers called Essenes, who separated themselves from mainstream society to practice a purer form of Judaism out in the desert. Like John, they practiced ritualistic immersion in water for the removal of sins (baptism). Water symbolizes spiritual cleanliness 7.​ What was John the Baptist’s mission? John's mission was to prepare people for the arrival of Jesus. By baptizing them in the Jordan River, it gets people to turn away from sin and receive God's forgiveness. Therefore, their souls would be prepared to receive Jesus when he came. 8.​ Why did Jesus desire baptism? What were the two reasons that made it right? Jesus sought out John so he could be baptized. Jesus desired baptism not because he needed it, but because we needed it for salvation. There are reasons that made it the right thing for him to do: 1.​ It would encourage others to get baptized 2.​ By example he could teach us humility (the virtue of believing others to be just as important to God as oneself). UNIT 3: JESUS' PASSION, DEATH AND RESURRECTION Key Terms: ​ Zion: another name for Jerusalem ○​ We celebrate Jesus' final entry into Jerusalem every year on Palm Sunday. ○​ When he entered Zion for the last time, he had gained a reputation as the messiah through his parables, miracles and other teachings. ​ Ascension: the rising of Jesus into heaven 40 days after the Resurrection ​ Passion of Christ: the suffering of Jesus ○​ It can end as early as his death or as late as his resurrection. ○​ Here, we start the passion with his triumphant entry into Jerusalem and conclude it with his death. ○​ His death is the most significant element of The Passion. ​ Paschal Mystery: The Paschal Mystery is expressed in the formula, "Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again." ○​ The Paschal Mystery derives from the Passover meal which celebrates surviving the Angel of Death. ​ Passover: About three years after his ministry began, Jesus had his final meal with twelve of his closest disciples. ○​ Is the foundational meal, which presents the Paschal Mystery. ○​ The Last Supper was also a Passover Meal. ​ Exodus: the title of the second book of the Bible's Old Testament in which the Israelites escape slavery in Egypt, but the term can refer to any sudden departure of a group of people ​ Apostle: primary disciples of Jesus (12 apostles) ​ Transubstantiation: It is the process by which ordinary bread and wine turn into the actual flesh and blood of Jesus Questions:​ ​ ​ ​ 1.​ Why did Jesus ride a donkey into Zion? What is the symbolism there? Jesus rode a donkey into Zion to show that he was on the same level as everyone else, showing his humbleness. Jesus sent 2 disciples to bring him a donkey to ride in into the village of Bethphage. The donkey shows Jesus’ humility and although he is the child of God, he never puts himself above others. He fulfills a prophecy that says the righteous and humble king will come mounted on a donkey and be salvation (Zech 9:9) 2.​ Who became the “New Adam”? What does this mean? Jesus became the “New Adam” but in a new way. Like adam he wanted to pursue his own will, but Jesus passed the test of Gods will and became a savior unlike adam. Just as Adam's mistake brought original sin upon all humans who came after him, Jesus' obedience saved us from original sin, which was removed by his sacrificial death. 3.​ Who betrays Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane? Judas betrays Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane. Gethsemane was portrayed as the new garden of Eden (Isolated “garden”), as both portrayed temptation and evil. ​ Eden: The serpent betrays God by tempting humans ​ Gethsemane: Judas betrays Jesus 4.​ What is a radical table fellowship? Relate it to the Last Supper. Radical Table Fellowship includes the radical idea of eating with people whom you would otherwise avoid. It’s about reversing the roles of leaders and servants. In the Last Supper through the symbolic action of washing their feet before the meal, he taught them to serve one another. And by serving one another, they serve him. 5.​ What does Jesus’ crucifixion teach us? Jesus’ crucifixion teaches us that Jesus didn't just die for those who loved him; he died for the sins of those who even crucified him, as he loved them as much as he loved his own disciples. He died on the cross for everybody’s sins, including those who wronged him. 6.​ Who was Joseph of Arimathea and what is he known for? According to John’s gospel, Joseph of Arimathea was a very wealthy - and secret - disciple of Jesus. ​ He is known for burying Jesus’ body. Because of power, wealth, and influence, Joseph of Arimathea was able to persuade Pontius Pilate to let him take Jesus’ body down from the cross and secure it for a proper burial. Joseph of Arimathea makes the difficult decision to bury Jesus, thereby giving Jesus an honourable and proper burial. 7.​ Know the events that took place within the following stories of Jesus’ Passion: Entry into Zion, Cleansing the Temple, Holy Tuesday and Wednesday, The Last Supper (Maundy Thursday), The Garden of Gethsemane (arrest and betrayal), Good Friday (Trial, Crucifixion), Buria, Resurrection and Ascension. 1.​ Entry into Zion ​ On the Sunday before his death, Jesus began his trip to Jerusalem ​ He asked for a donkey to show that he was on the same level as him - humble ​ The crowds welcomed him by waving palm branches in the air 2.​ Cleansing the Temple (Day 2 - Jesus Clears the Temple) ​ The following morning, Jesus returned with his disciples to Jerusalem. ​ When Jesus arrived at the Temple he found lots of corrupt people ​ He began overturning their tables and clearing the Temple, saying, "The Scriptures declare, 'My Temple will be a house of prayer,' but you have turned it into a den of thieves" (Luke 19:46).  ​ He feels that the people are not only disrespecting him but his father (God) as well as they were not using it for its true purpose of prayer 3.​ Holy Tuesday and Wednesday ​ Day 3: Jesus' Visit to the Mount of Olives ○​ Jesus and his disciples return to Jerusalem on tuesday morning, discussing the importance of faith. ○​ Religious leaders in the Temple were upset with Jesus' authority, and organized an ambush. Jesus evades their plan and imposes harsh judgment on them. ○​ Later that afternoon, Jesus leaves the city and goes to the Mount of Olives, giving the Olivet Discourse, a prophecy about Jerusalem's destruction and the end of the age. ○​ Judas negotiates with the Sanhedrin to betray Jesus. ​ Day 4: Holy Wednesday ○​ Jesus and his disciples rest in Bethany for Passover. ○​ Jesus reveals his power over death by raising Lazarus from the grave, gaining faith in Bethany. ○​ Mary anoints Jesus' feet with expensive perfume a few nights earlier 4.​ The Last Supper (Day 5: Passover and Last Supper) ​ Last supper: About three years after his ministry began, Jesus had his final meal with twelve of his closest disciples. ​ Jesus washes disciples' feet after sunset, demonstrating love and love for one another. ​ Jesus shares the feast of Passover with his disciples, sacrificing his body to free us from sin and death. ​ The Last Supper establishes the Lord's Supper, or Communion, where ordinary bread and wine are transformed into Jesus' flesh and blood. ​ The Last Supper is also a Passover Meal, derived from the Paschal Mystery, celebrating surviving the Angel of Death. 5.​ The Garden of Gethsemane ​ Went to the garden of Gethsemane ​ His disciples fell asleep ​ Jesus was betrayed with a kiss by Judas ​ Arrested by the Sanhedrin and taken to Caiaphas ​ Peter denied knowing Jesus 3 times during the beginning Jesus trial ​ Jesus was sent to undo original sin 6.​ Good Friday (Trial, Crucifixion) ​ Jesus betrayed and charged with blasphemy, a Jewish death penalty. ​ Pilate and Herod found Jesus unthreatening to the Roman Empire Crucifixion  ​ Jesus was scourged and condemned to death by crucifixion by Pilate. ○​ charged with blasphemy; a crime punishable by death according to Jewish law ​ Pilate agreed to Jesus' death to prevent a riot among Jewish leaders. ​ Jesus' blood symbolized his sacrifice for sinners and the unified covenant with God. ○​ Literal meaning: Jesus’ blood represented his precious life, slipping away while sacrificing himself for those who have sinned ○​ Contextual meaning: Jesus’ blood represented everyone, including those who have sinned, to make an unified covenant/agreement with God. 7.​ Jesus’ Burial ​ Jesus burial was by Joseph of Arimathea was a very wealthy - and secret - disciple of Jesus. ○​ As someone who was crucified, Jesus would not have received an honourable burial, according to Jewish law. ○​ Because of power, wealth, and influence, Joseph of Arimathea was able to persuade Pontius Pilate to let him take Jesus’ body down from the cross and secure it for a proper burial. ○​ Joseph of Arimathea makes the difficult decision to bury Jesus, thereby giving Jesus an honourable and proper burial. 8.​ Resurrection ​ Jesus remained in the tomb for three days. ○​ Jews believed that the soul could still re-enter the body within three days. ​ That is why Jesus did not resurrect before Sunday, having been executed on Friday. ○​ (Think back to Lazarus’ story) ​ Resurrection Sunday: ○​ Resurrection Sunday marks the culmination of Holy Week and is the most significant event in Christian faith. ○​ Early Sunday morning, Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Salome, and Mary the mother of James discovered Jesus' tomb had been rolled away. ○​ An angel announced Jesus' resurrection, confirming his resurrection. ○​ Jesus made at least five appearances on the day of his resurrection, with Mary Magdalene being the first. ○​ Eyewitness accounts in the Gospels provide evidence of Jesus' resurrection. ○​ Two millennia after his death, followers still flock to Jerusalem to see the empty tomb. 9.​ Ascension into Heaven ​ Jesus' ascension ("rising") into heaven took place forty days after this resurrection although only the synoptic gospels describe the event. ​ There is, of course, no record of Jesus' activities after the ascension. ​ All we know is that he took his place at the right hand of God the Father (a seat of authority) and will return one day to judge the living and the dead.  UNIT 4: JESUS' TEACHING MINISTRY Key Terms: ​ Repentance: The process of feeling guilt, admitting guilt and making a conscious commitment to avoid sin ​ Asking for God’s forgiveness ​ To find peace with ourselves and situations, we seek God to find forgiveness and to confess our sins ​ We all go through the process of repentance when we commit a sin so distasteful that the only way to find peace is to confess to the sin and seek forgiveness ​ By showing repentance, we open up, offering yourself to God and Jesus’ grace and forgiveness ○​ God only forgives you if we give him the permission to, we need to seek and ask God for forgiveness ​ Miracle (aka deeds): real events that have happened; parables of fiction ○​ The work miracle translates to “act of power” ○​ Demonstrates that the power of God was truly manifested in Jesus ​ ​Parables: Short stories that give us a taste of the Kingdom of God. ○​ Stories used to explain a spiritual lesson, or to teach how to tell between right or wrong ​ Faith: trust in God that is rooted in love, despite the absence of proof. We are free to accept it or reject it ○​ Comes from the Latin word meaning “trust” or “belief” ○​ It is trusting God when all the evidence says God cannot be trusted or that God does not exist. It is more than a simple belief in God’s existence ○​ It is life-giving and life-changing ○​ A blind acceptance ○​ A gift that cannot be taken for advantage, and can be developed over a lifetime ​ Living in joyful hope for God’s love and salvation to get us through difficult times and gain strength in finding joy in everything QUESTIONS: 1.​ What is the Kingdom of God? The Kingdom of God (aka. Kingdom of Heaven) is a Spiritual state of devotion to God, a place where God is present. It is not a physical place that we can touch and is mostly located in Heaven, as that is where God (the father) is enthroned. The arrival of the Kingdom of God is similar to the call to repentance (act of seeking forgiveness) The kingdom of God at and/or near means that Jesus is here and God’s mercy and justice are about to be revealed. Through Jesus and his teachings, God expanded the KOG by adding more believers 2.​ What does the “upside-down kingdom” look like? What are two reasons the Kingdom of God is an “upside-down kingdom”? The Upside Down Kingdom is the world that can be described as an “upside-down” compared to any kingdoms our world has experienced. The kingdom of God is almost twisted because in the beatitudes, Jesus gives praise to people–which is not traditional and it is an upside-down way of thinking.  ​ Those people should be blessed, praised for people with that character, where these characteristics didn’t fit well with the society. ​ Jesus is saying that the path to real and listing happiness is not in the things that this world says you will be happy with. 3.​ For each of the parables listed below, be able to summarize the main idea, and the message Jesus is giving: The Good Samaritan, The Lost Sheep, The Prodigal Son, The Wedding Banquet, The Pharisee and the Tax Collector, The\ Net 1.​ The Good Samaritan: ​ Summary: It is about a traveler (implicitly understood to be Jewish) who is stripped of clothing, beaten, and left half dead alongside the road. A Jewish priest and then a Levite come by, both avoiding the man. A Samaritan happens upon him and, though Samaritans and Jews were generally antagonistic toward each other, helps him. ​ Lesson: There is a theme of gentleness in this parable. Notice how the Samaritan treats the victim's wounds with oil and wine. He lifts him up onto his own animal. He takes care of him over the night. Finally, he gives him some money for his coming journey. This parable is clearly telling us how we should treat others. 2.​ The Lost Sheep: ​ Summary: A shepherd would leave his ninety-nine sheep and search for the lost one until he found it. Then, with joy in his heart, he would put it on his shoulders, take it home, and tell his friends and neighbors to rejoice with him, because he had found his lost sheep. ​ Lesson: This parable is used to show that the Kingdom of God is accessible to all, even those who were sinners or strayed from God’s path. He uses the example of a shepherd (God) who has 100 sheep and one goes missing. The shepherd leaves the 99 others and searches high and low for the lost sheep. 3.​ The Prodigal Son: ​ Summary: The plot centres around the younger son who, impatient and greedy, asks his father for his inheritance. The father agrees, but the son wastes his money, eventually becoming homeless and destitute. In the end, to the son's great surprise, he is welcomed back into the family by his father and brother. ​ Lesson: Teaches that God’s love is unconditional, and it doesn’t depend on our faithfulness or sins. It shows the importance of unconditional love and compassion, seen through the father, despite his younger son’s mistakes and irresponsible choices. Being regretful and apologizing for your sins is just as important as those who always act well (i.e. the older brother). Forgiveness and repentance allows for lost relationships to be found again (which can be interpreted through a relationship with God). ○​ If you sin and return again with apologies (ready to change), God will opening welcome you back, along with other supporters (even if other believers have or have not sinned) 4.​ The Wedding Banquet: ​ Summary: The parable of the wedding feast tells the story of a king preparing a feast for his son, but his servants are sent to invite guests. However, some guests refuse to attend, leading to violent reactions. The king sends troops to destroy the murderers and burn their city. The original guests were Jews, who believed they were God's chosen people. The Jews who ignored the servants were  those who rejected the prophets and messengers of God, possibly foretelling their rejection of Jesus. The Gentiles were invited after, demonstrating that the Kingdom of God is open to everyone, not just Jews. The parable ends with the king binding an unsuitably dressed man, symbolizing those who were not prepared for complete commitment to Jesus. ​ Lesson: This parable shows that the Kingdom of God is open to everyone, not just the Jews. Many are invited (to go to heaven), but few are chosen. 5.​ The Pharisees and the Tax Collector: ​ Summary: A Pharisee and a tax collector went to the temple to pray. The Pharisee prayed about how good he was, but the tax collector asked for God's mercy as he was a sinner. Jesus said that it was the tax collector who went home justified before God. ​ Lesson: ​Jesus explains that those who promote themselves will be humbled. Those, however, who know that they need help will be lifted up. 6.​ The Net: ​ Summary: In this parable, fishermen cast their nets into the sea and gather fish of all kinds. Once their nets are full, they return to shore and separate the good fish from the bad. The good fish are kept in containers, while the bad ones are thrown away. ​ Lesson: The Bible teaches that everyone will be separated one day, just like the good and bad fish. The net in the parable catches all kinds of fish, similar to how God welcomes all people. One day Jesus will come to the living and the dead. Those who love God will go to be with God, but those who do not love God will be separated from Him forever. UNIT 5: THE EARLY CHURCH KEY TERMS: ​ Pentecost: The birth of the church ○​ It occurs fifty days after Easter (pentekostus means "fifty" in Greek). ○​ A Christian festival celebration to remember and honor the coming of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles. ○​ This miracle allowed the apostles to spread the gospels and good news ​ Veneration: reverence or respect for saints and relics. ○​ Christians venerate Mary ​ Relics: Usually bones of the saints but they can be possessions of the saints as well. ○​ Veneration of relics allows the faithful to focus more deeply upon the saint, whose presence is more intensely felt by the faithful because of the actual presence of the saint's bones or possessions. ​ Holy Spirit: is like wind; Even though we cannot see it, it is there and the Holy Spirit moves us. ○​ The Holy Spirit guides us and helps us when we need to make important choices. ○​ Sometimes we can feel the Spirit moving us in our hearts, just like we can feel the wind against our bodies. ○​ The Holy Spirit brought the body of believers to life on Pentecost. ○​ SPIRIT = holy spirit ​ Martyr: a person who is killed because of their religious beliefs. ​ St. Paul: St. Paul is one of the greatest figures in the New Testament.  ○​ He was a persecutor of Christians in the book of Acts but transforms into one of the greatest Christian missionaries and theologians. ​ St.Paul was originally a persecutor of Christians, highly educated in Jewish law. While on the road to Domascus he was blinded by a light and saw the Holy Spirit then converted into a true apostle ​ The Bible does not explain why Saul's name was changed to Paul. ​ Saul: Hebrew name meaning "ask" ​ Paul: Roman name meaning "small" or "humble" ​ The name change signifies Paul's new status as the humble servant of Christ. ​ Another possible explanation for the name change might be that Paul, a Roman name, might be more familiar to the gentiles he was trying to convert, thus signifying his mission to the gentiles rather than the Hebrews or Jews. ​ He wrote 21 letters ​ Revelation: How something is revealed or made known ○​ In terms of God: ​ God reveals different parts of Himself in many different ways ​ This helps us to gain a better understanding of God and create a closer relationship with God and others QUESTIONS: 1.​ What is the Holy Trinity? The holy trinity is ONE God, made in three distinguishable yet inseparable persons; Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Catholics believe that Jesus is the Incarnation of the Son, the second person of the Trinity. Each person is completely God. 1.​ Co-eternal (existing eternally together) 2.​ Co-equal (none is superior to the other/equal) 3.​ Uncreated (having no origin) 4.​ Omnipotent (all powerful) 2.​ What are the four marks of the Catholic Church? 3.​ What are the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit? Explain each one. Acronym: Keep up with cool radios with risks a.​ ONLY ONE MC FOR THIS AND THE FRUITS SO DONT MEMORIZE THAT MUCH 1.​ Knowledge ​ It is the gift that helps us to know ourselves and the world around us ​ It helps us know where our faith is leading us and what church is about ​ It makes us smart about our character 2.​ Understanding / Counsel  ​ We receive this gift during confirmation ​ It helps us to straighten out our lives, to deal with our problems 3.​ Wisdom ​ It helps us to see and understand God’s plan in our lives and the world ​ It helps us to say “Aha, I finally understand” 4.​ Courage / Fortitude ​ It helps us walk out into the world and feel prepared ​ It helps us to stand up for what we believe in 5.​ Reverence / Piety ​ It helps us to see God in everything around us ​ It teaches us to treat our fragile world gently 6.​ Wonder and awe ​ It keeps us awestruck by the power and beauty of God in our lives 7.​ Right Judgement / Fear of the Lord ​ It encourages us to talk things over so that we can make choices that let us feel comfortable with ourselves afterwards ​ It keeps us from feeling like suckers 4.​ What are the fruits of the Holy Spirit? Acronym: Love Joyce, please Patricia, kill Gary, Great. Good. Fun. So cool, man! 1.​ Love: We exhibit the virtue of charity, or love, by our unselfish devotion and care for God and our neighbour 2.​ Joy: We live with joy when we recognize that true happiness comes, not from money or possessions, but from knowing and following Christ 3.​ Peace: We are freed from worrying about trivial things because of the inner peace we experience with God in our hearts. We work and pray for peace throughout the world 4.​ Patience: We demonstrate patience by treating others with thoughtfulness and tolerance. We know that we can overcome the temptations and sufferings of life because God is always with us 5.​ Kindness: We live the virtue of kindness by treating others as we want to be treated 6.​ Goodness: We exhibit goodness when we honour God by avoiding sin and always trying to do what we know is right 7.​ Generosity: We demonstrate the fruit of generosity when we share our gifts and possessions with others 8.​ Gentleness: Gentle people act calmly and avoid actions that might lead others to anger or resentment 9.​ Faithfulness: We are faithful when we live out our commitment to teachings of Jesus, the Scriptures, and the Catholic Church 10.​ Self-Control: Self-control or temperance. It does not mean denying oneself what one needs or even necessarily what one wants (so long as what one wants is something good); rather, it is the exercise of moderation in all things.  11.​ Chastity: The submission of physical or sexual desires. This means to abstain from sexual activity prior to marriage, as well as to remain faithful to your spouse and not to part take in sexual activities with another partner. 12.​ Modesty: Being modest means humbling yourself, acknowledging that any of your successes, achievements, talents, or merits are not truly your own but gifts from God. 5.​ What does it mean to say that fire of tongues from the Holy Spirit descended upon the Apostles? The purpose of of the fire of tongues from the Holy Spirit that descended upon the Apostles was that they would be able to go into other countries and able to spread the gospel. They would be able to convert people to the Christian faith which was important because on Shavuot, Jerusalem was flooded with pilgrims from various regions who spoke different languages. In order for them to understand the gospel, they needed to receive the message in their mother tongues or languages. 6.​ How is the spirit of the law different from the letter of the law? In 49 CE, the Apostles agreed to reject the Jewish Torah, widening the gap between Jewish and Christian beliefs. This rejection allowed for freedom from its loopholes, where the letter of the law was placed above the spirit of the law. St. Paul focused on the law of love, highlighting that it was the spirit of the law, and thus, he could close the loophole in the Jewish faith. ​ Letter of the law: the literal reading of the words ​ Spirit of the law: the intention behind why the law was enforced 7.​ What are the 4 dogmas for Mary, Mother of God 1.​ DOGMA 1 - Mary, Mother of God: The Catholic Church teaches that Jesus was conceived in the womb of Mary without human seed; Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit. Since Jesus is God, and Mary is his Mother, Mary is the Mother of God. 2.​ DOGMA 2 - Immaculate Conception: The Catholic Church teaches that at the time of Mary’s conception, she was preserved from the stain of original sin, by the merits of Jesus’ future sacrifice. ​ Mary was born without Original sin, without the ability to sin, therefore completely perfect. ​ Thus the Immaculate Conception refers to when Mary was conceived in her mother. 3.​ DOGMA 3 - Perpetual Virginity: The Catholic Church teaches that Mary’s virginity was maintained before, during, after the birth of Jesus. The Church teaches that Jesus was Mary’s only son and that any mention of Jesus’ “brothers and sisters” refer to close friends. 4.​ DOGMA 4 - The Assumption of Mary: The Church teaches that Mary was assumed into Heaven: both her body and soul were brought to Heaven, ​ Being that Mary was with her son on earth, it’s only fitting that she be with her son in Heaven too (continued in last question). UNIT 6: PROFESSION OF FAITH KEY TERMS: ​ Covenant: an agreement in which God agrees to love, care for, and protect the Chosen People. ○​ Used in scripture to express the relationship between God and the Chosen People ​ Creed: summary of the principal articles of faith professed by a church or community of believers.  ​ Grace: ​The active presence of God’s love in our lives ​ Repentance: to make a change of mind, heart, and action, by turning away from sin and self and returning to God. ​ Anointed One: The title "Christ" means "Anointed One." ○​ This individual has the favor of God. In some instances, the anointed one means Jesus Christ the Messiah, as anointed by God ​ Piety: to give to God reverence and worship that emanates from a holy life. ○​ It includes the sense of being dedicated, consecrated, earnest, faithful, and loyal with an implication of intensity and intrinsic sanctity. ​ QUESTIONS: 1.​ What are the two Catholic creeds? The Apostle's Creed, a summary of Jesus' beliefs, is believed to have been composed by the Apostles on Pentecost. It is considered the "Profession of Faith" in the Catechism and is recited during the beginning of the Rosary and during Mass. The Nicene Creed is more in depth and it’s main purpose was to preserve the Apostle’s Creed and Profession of Faith and further reinforce the Trinity (When an adult is baptized the Profession of Faith is based on the more detailed Nicene Creed.) The Apostles’ Creed is a summary, or short version, of the beliefs of Jesus’ chosen followers. ​ The Apostles’ Creed is most commonly recited at the beginning of the Rosary, and during Mass. 2.​ What are the names given to Jesus? ​ Jesus: The name “Jesus” means “God saves.” ○​ The child born of the Virgin Mary is called Jesus, "for he will save his people from their sins" (Mt 1:21): "there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved" (Acts 4:12). ​ Christ: The title "Christ" means "Anointed One." ○​ Jesus is Christ, for "God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power" (Acts 10:38). He was the one "who is to come" (Lk 7:19), the object of "the hope of Israel" (Acts 28:20). ​ Messiah: From Hebrew mashiaḥ, means “Anointed.” ○​ The king of the Davidic line who would deliver Israel from foreign bondage and restore the glories of its golden age. ○​ "Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed forever." (Romans 9:5). ​ Son of God: The title "Son of God" signifies the unique and eternal relationship of Jesus Christ to God his Father. ○​ He is the only Son of the Father (cf. Jn 1:14, 18; 3:16, 18); he is God himself (cf. Jn 1:1). To be a Christian, one must believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God (cf. Acts 8:37; 1 Jn 2:23). ​ Lord: The title "Lord" indicates divine sovereignty. ○​ To confess or invoke Jesus as Lord is to believe in his divinity. ○​ "No one can say 'Jesus is Lord' except by the Holy Spirit'" (1 Cor 12:3).  3.​ What are the 7 traits of being human? I have really big penises, cum stains. = Image, happiness, rational, beings, passions, conscience, sin 1.​ Humans are created in the image and likeness of God. ○​ Of all visible creatures, only humans can know and love the Creator. Only we are called to share, by knowledge and love, in God’s own life. ○​ God has placed the desire for happiness in the human heart in order to draw all people to the One, who alone can fulfill this desire. 2.​ Humans are called to happiness and holiness. ○​ True happiness, which we can find only in God, is the goal of our existence. ○​ God calls us to be holy, so that our desire for happiness may be fulfilled 3.​ Humans are rational and free. ○​ By reason, we can understand the order of things established by the Creator. ○​ By free will, we can direct ourselves to our true good. 4.​ Humans are moral beings. ○​ Freedom is what makes us different from animals. Humans can act with freedom; animals cannot. ○​ Because we intend to do certain things, our actions are moral; they’re either good or evil. 5.​ Humans have passions or feelings. ○​ Feelings or passions include us to act or not to act. They are part of human nature. ○​ They are a sort of passageway between our senses– touch, sight, hearing, feeling– and our mind. ○​ In themselves, feelings are neither morally good nor morally evil. 6.​ Humans are blessed with a conscience. ○​ Moral conscience is present at the heart of every person. ○​ It’s like a voice that tells us, at the appropriate moment, to do good and avoid evil. 7.​ Humans are able to sin. ○​ As intelligent and free creatures, we can choose good or evil. ○​ When we fail to love God and neighbour, this is what the Scriptures call sin. ○​ Sin is an offence against reason, truth and right conscience. It is an offence against God. 4.​ How does God’s grace allow us to reach our full potential? God's grace offers unconditional love, forgiveness, and strength to help us reach our full potential. It frees us from guilt and shame, strengthens us in our weaknesses, and guides us towards spiritual maturity. Grace encourages us to live in alignment with God's purpose, allowing us to make mistakes and learn. It fosters humility, reminding us that our abilities are gifts from God, and ultimately unlocks our full potential in Christ. Grace allows us to live to our fullest potential, cleanses sins, and gives blessings we don't deserve, not just withholding punishments. UNIT 7: PRAYER AND SACRAMENT Key Terms:  ​ Prayer: a wholehearted faith response to God, who loves us without conditions and is with us in every moment of our life. ○​ Because God is in every aspect of our life, we could offer our very living as a prayer, as a response to God. ○​ Although our relationship with God can be expressed in the living our life as prayer, there is still a need to have intentional moments of prayer, to nurture and give substance to prayer as a wholehearted faith response. ​ Sacrament: is a visible sign of God’s presence or grace in the world that is offered to everyone. ​ Spirituality: Refers to the soul and its needs. ​ Primordial Sacrament: The Original Sacrament, marriage ○​ Love is depicted in the most loving relationships in the Bible, beginning with Adam and Eve in Genesis 2. ○​ Both Genesis 1 and 2 agree that men and women mirror God's image. ○​ God created humans out of love, as animals couldn't understand love as well as humans. ○​ Children are a sign of God's love, requiring a woman for procreation. ○​ Matrimony is tied to the concept of communion, promoting sharing of love. QUESTIONS: 1.​ What are the two major types of psalms? Psalms of Praise Psalms of Lament ​ Psalms of praise celebrate God's glory. Contain 3 major parts: ​ The psalmist (the lyricist or composer of the 1)​ Lament: a complaint about a particular psalm) usually sings about God's great deeds in hardship such as ill health or attacks from history such as creating the universe or freeing one's enemies. the Hebrew slaves. 2)​ Petition: a request for God’s help ​ Sometimes the psalmist sings about the great 3)​ Expression of thanks to God: in anticipation deeds God has performed for him or her. that God will fulfill the request 2.​ What is the difference between the three modes of prayer? (the ways we can pray) 1)​ Personal: ​ Performed alone ​ Informal wordless thoughts or a conversation with God in an informal posture (e.g. sitting or lying down). ​ Formal (i.e. following a formula beginning with the sign of the cross, a formal address such as "Dear Jesus," a formulaic prayer such as the Lord's Prayer and a formulaic conclusion such as "Amen") accompanied by a formal posture such as kneeling or standing. ​ Christian meditation involves an emptying of the mind so that God can enter. ​ Christian contemplation involves filling the mind by focussing intently on a religious image or object, a prayerful sound or a short passage from scripture.  2)​ Communal: ​ Said together as a community. ○​ For example, our morning and afternoon prayers in school are communal prayers. ​ They always use formal language and formal postures. ​ An even more formal form of communal prayer is liturgical prayer ​ Liturgy refers to worship that carries out the work of redemption or salvation. ​ We engage in liturgical prayer when we celebrate the Mass, which focuses on salvation through the Eucharist. 3)​ Liturgical: ​ Priest-led, public prayer usually in a church setting for the salvation of the world. ​ Official prayer of the Church in which Jesus Christ is the chief person praying and in which he associates his Church with him. ​ Embraces the seven Sacraments, the Liturgy of the Hours and the Sacramentals or the Prayers and Blessings instituted by the Church for various occasions. ​ Because of its public and official nature, the texts of liturgical prayers, and even the gestures and postures, are prescribed and fixed by the Authority of the Church. 3.​ What are the 7 Sacraments? Explain the type (i.e. initiation, healing or service), meaning, symbols and rituals performed for each sacrament. 1)​ Baptism: Infants are sprinkled with holy water. Basis of Christain life, gateway to other sacraments, and removes original sin stain. Rituals Symbols ​ Begins with sign of the cross ​ Water: Cleansing, death to sin, and rebirth to new life. ​ Litury of the word ​ Oil: Sacred chrism symbolizes ​ Exorcism and anointing with oil the gift of the Holy Spirit and ​ Consecration of baptismal water consecration. ​ Water poured over candidate’s head or full immersion ​ White Garment: Purity and ​ Recitation of “our father” the new life in Christ. ​ Celebration of the Eucharist ​ Light (Candle): Enlightenment and becoming a ​ Concludes with a solemn blessing and the sign of the "child of light." cross. 2)​ Eucharist: key symbol of communion, substantiation occurs (bread and wine change), become one with Christ  Rituals Symbols ​ The liturgy of the Word: readings, homily, and ​ Bread and Wine: Transubstantiated intercessions. into the Body and Blood of Christ, symbolizing spiritual nourishment and ​ The liturgy of the Eucharist: presentation of unity with Christ. bread and wine, Eucharistic prayer, consecration, and communion. ​ Table of the Lord (the Altar): Represents the communal aspect of ​ Breaking of bread and sharing in the chalice. the sacrament. 3)​ Confirmation: necessary for the completion of baptismal grace, completes initiation, spiritual gifts are received, special strength of the Holy Spirit is given Rituals Symbols ​ Renewal of baptismal promises and profession of ​ Perfumed Oil (Chrism): faith. Consecration and being sealed with the Holy Spirit. ​ The laying on of hands by the bishop, invoking the Holy Spirit. ​ Laying on of Hands: Signifies the gift of the Holy Spirit. ​ Anointing with chrism on the forehead, accompanied by the words: "Be sealed with the Gift of the Holy Spirit." ​ The sign of peace to signify communion. 4)​ Reconciliation: spiritual healing, restoring relationship between the sinner and God, confess everything to God Rituals Symbols ​ The confessor openly discloses sins to ​ Sign of the Cross the priest in a private setting, ​ Words of Absolution: These signify the expressing sorrow and a desire for actual forgiveness of sins by God through the forgiveness. ministry of the priest. ​ Act of Contrition (expresses ​ Confession or Reconciliation Room: The repentance) setting symbolizes the private and personal ​ Absolution of sins (Priest absolves encounter between the confessor and God. sins) ​ Penance (makes up for mistake) 5)​ Anointing of the Sick: strengthen the sick and elderly, last milestone in Christian life Rituals Symbols ​ The sacrament often begins with the Liturgy of ​ Oil: Symbolizes healing and the Word, preceded by an act of repentance. comfort. ​ Priests lay hands on the sick in silence. ○​ Reflects the presence of the Holy Spirit, bringing peace, ​ The priest anoints the sick on the forehead and strength, and forgiveness. hands with oil blessed by the bishop. ​ Laying on of Hands: Represents ​ Prayers are said. spiritual healing, unity, and the ​ The sacrament may include Reconciliation and continuation of Christ’s healing Eucharist as part of the process, particularly ministry. when the person is close to death. 6)​ Marriage: the primordial (original) sacrament, Rituals Symbols ​ Exchange of matrimonial consent ("I ​ Rings: Sign of mutual commitment and take you to be my wife/husband"). unending love. ​ Blessing and invocation of the Holy ​ Unity Candle (optional in some Spirit. traditions): Symbolizes the union of two lives into one. ​ Celebration often takes place during Holy Mass. ​ Nuptial Blessing: Invokes God's grace and the Holy Spirit to unite and strengthen ​ The couple's first communion together the couple. as a sign of their unity. 7)​ Holy Orders: serving God through serving the community (i.e. priests), apostles in the Church forever Rituals Symbols ​ Takes place within the Eucharistic liturgy. ​ Laying on of Hands: Signifies the conferral of the Holy Spirit and the ​ Begins with the presentation and election of candidate's consecration for their the ordinand. specific ministry. ​ Includes an instruction by the bishop and an ​ Chrism Oil: Anointing symbolizes examination of the candidate. the Holy Spirit's presence and the ​ The Litany of the Saints is prayed, invoking consecration for service in Christ's  the intercession of the Church for the name. ordinand. ○​ Used differently for bishops ​ The bishop’s laying of hands on the (on the head) and priests (on ordinand's head. the hands). ​ The consecratory prayer asking God for the ​ Prayer and Consecration: The outpouring of the Holy Spirit. bishop’s prayer asks for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and the ​ The specific prayer and gestures vary based gifts necessary for the ministry. on the degree of Holy Orders (bishop, priest, or deacon). ​ Liturgical implements differ based on Holy Orders. UNIT 8: FAMILY LIFE KEY TERMS: ​ Self-concept: collection of beliefs about oneself ​ Human Freedom: kinda self explanatory - bree ​ Chastity: being sexually faithful in your relationships ​ Conflict: a natural and inevitable part of all relationships, helping us to better understand our own faults/challenges and become more understanding (and less judgmental) of others ​ Human Dignity: all humans possess a special value thats tied to their humanity ​ Love: a selfless, sacrificial, and unconditional commitment to the well-being of others ​ Mental Health: one’s psychological and emotional ability to interact with the world ​ Mental Illness: a condition where a person is psychologically and emotionally unable to ienract with the world without significant interventions ​ Restorative Justice: parties engage in restorative justice when dealing with mental illness ​ Human Sexuality: how people present themselves to others, communicate with others, feel, and express love for others ○​ A gift from God that enabled people to enter into fulfilling and loving relationships with one another ​ Self Image: a snapshot of you | how you see yourself in the mirror or in your mind; an image of how you are now at ther present moment ​ Self-Evaluation: an evaluation of self-image ○​ Involves you thinking about your thoughts that make up your self-image and evaluating whether your self-image is good or bad ​ Self Esteem: the respect one has for oneself once one has completed one’s self evaluation ​ Intimacy: when 2 parties or more reveal their true natures to one another, overcoming all fear of rejection ○​ The closeness, acceptance, and trust that exists between two people, not whether they’re sexually involved ​ Celibacy: the state of being unmarried and practicing abstinence  ​ Resilience: QUESTIONS: 1.​ What are St. Paul’s characteristics of love? What do they mean? ​ “Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails.” Characteristics of Love Love Gone Wrong: Are you going out with someone who… Love is patient ​ Pressures you for sex. ​ Gets too serious about the relationship too fast. Love is kind ​ Is scary, threatens you, owns/uses weapons. ​ You worry how they will react to things you say or do. Love is not envious ​ Is violent: has a history of fighting, loses temper quickly, and brags about mistreating others. Love is not boastful or arrogant ​ Brags about you to his or her friends, telling them things about you that are private. ​ Behaves as if you would be nothing without their love. Love is not rude ​ Shows affection inappropriately in public in order to attract attention. ​ Tells private and embarrassing things about you. Love is not self-seeking ​ Tries to control you by being very bossy, giving orders, making all the decisions. ​ Doesn’t take your opinion seriously, or is manipulative. ​ Berates you if you do something that he or she doesn’t like. Love is not easily angered ​ Constantly reminds you of past arguments or failures even after they have been dealt with. ​ Uses his/her love as a bargaining weapon, threatening to withdraw it if you do not behave in a certain way. Love does not delight in evil, but rejoices in the truth ​ Blames you when they mistreats you. ​ Says you provoked them or made him/her do it. ​ Has a history of bad relationships and blames the other person for all problems. ​ Abuses drugs or alcohol and pressures you to do it. 2.​ What is meant by a sense of self? What does it consist of? ​ Sense of self is the way we see ourselves. ○​ It is the way we think and feel about ourselves and our ability to achieve our goals. ○​ The more we see ourselves the way we would like to (our ideal), the higher our self-esteem becomes. It consists of.. 1.​ How you see yourself (self-image), 2.​ What you think about what you see (self-evaluation) 3.​ How you feel about what you think (self-esteem) 3.​ What are the 7 traits of a healthy relationship? 1)​ Mutual respect: ​ When friends show each other kindness, care, and consideration ​ When they listen, help, and support each other ​ When they include each other as often as possible – always taking into consideration the other person’s feelings. ​ They never try to take advantage of each other and always respect each other and the friendship. 2)​ Trust: ​ When friends can share their feelings with one another and not feel worried or afraid that they will be laughed at or ridiculed.  ​ They feel safe knowing that no matter what happens, they will never disclose what the other person has told them because doing this would be wrong. 3)​ Honesty: ​ When friends tell each other the truth about what they are thinking and/or feeling and do this with great care so as not to hurt the other person. ​ They understand that whatever is said is never said to harm or hurt each other but is said from a place of care and concern. ​ Being honest with someone is often about delivering a message gently, using a softer tone and ensuring your words are neutral and not negative. 4)​ Support: ​ When friends support each other they make time to help the friend in need. ​ They take the fears, needs or dreams of their friends seriously so that their friends can feel relieved and secure. 5)​ Fairness/equity: ​ When friends treat each other fairly, they understand each other’s needs, strengths, and limitations, and work together to ensure inclusivity. ​ They never try to take advantage of each other but always respect one another’s boundaries. 6)​ Separate identities: ​ Not everyone has the same interests and needs. Fortunately, God created us to be our own individuals. ​ When in relationship with others, it is important to respect each other’s separate interests and needs and encourage each other to pursue them, regardless whether they are interests and needs of our own. ​ Having separate identities means that we may not spend every moment of the day with someone, however when we get together, we feel more confident in who we are and happy, causing our relationships with others to be healthier and happier. 7)​ Good communication: ​ Part of being in a healthy relationship is establishing clear rules of communication. ​ Not everyone feels comfortable talking about things that bother them when they come up. Some people shy away from difficult conversations. Some people confront the problem head on. ○​ We must be patient. It may take some people a little longer to open up about their feelings. ​ To maintain a healthy relationship, it is important to be open to talking and especially listening. ○​ When a friend tells us something is bothering them, we must never minimize or ignore the message. ○​ When they repeat themselves about the same thing a few times, that especially is a sign that something is truly upsetting them. 4.​ What are signs of an unhealthy relationship? 5.​ What does the church teach about sex and marriage? 6.​ What are the different kinds of love? 1)​ Eros or Romantic/Sexual Love: ​ Love in the sexual sense is a romantic and passionate love – pleasurable, spontaneous and even instinctive. ​ It is the love of mutual attraction between two people. 2)​ Storge or Family Love: ​ This is love that children have for their parents and that parents have for their children. ​ This love sprouts naturally and is not earned. ​ This love is often emotional with deep attachments. 3)​ Agape or Charity: ​ This love is unconditional. It is a love that is willing to sacrifice without expecting anything in return. ​ It doesn’t matter what a person does to us; they may offend us or treat us poorly but agape-love reaches out to this person. ​ Agape-love doesn’t have to like the person, since it is NOT dependent on emotions. ​ Agape-love does something – a favour, gesture, an offer of help – for a person, whether deserving or not. ​ Jesus referred to agape-love when he said, “This is my commandment – that you love one another as I have loved you” (John 13.34) 4)​ Philia or Friendship: ​ This is the warm and tender affection felt between two friends. ​ A love between friends is mutual and supportive. One does not leave a friend in the lurch. ​ E.g. The love Jesus had for Lazarus. When Lazarus’ sisters sent for Jesus, they reminded Jesus of his friendship: “Lord, he whom you love is ill” (John 11.3) 5)​ Hetaireia or companionship: ​ This relationship is based on companionship and a sharing of common interests or goals. ​ It doesn’t involve emotional closeness. ​ E.g. the love for a classmate or fellow associate.