Exploring Factors of Sleep Deprivation in Senior High School Students' Well-being and Academic Performance PDF

EXPLORING FACTORS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION IN THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF SOTERO B. CABAHUG FORUM FOR LITERACY A Research Paper presented to the Junior High School Department of Sotero B. Cabahug FORUM for Literacy. Consolacion, Metro...

EXPLORING FACTORS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION IN THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF SOTERO B. CABAHUG FORUM FOR LITERACY A Research Paper presented to the Junior High School Department of Sotero B. Cabahug FORUM for Literacy. Consolacion, Metro Cebu In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for English 10 Submitted by: CORTES, KEIRA CLEM VENICE P. FAMOR, ARES JOSEPH A. GILLERA, MARY JULIENNE B. LIMOSNERO, SEBASTIAN PAUL M. MANGELAYA, KESHIA COLE C. PEPITO, DEANDRE DOV PERALTA, MARY JORDANIA M. QUIJANO, VICENTE III. S. January 17, 2025  CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Rationale Sleep is a fundamental biological process for maintaining physical health, cognitive function, and emotional well-being. Despite its importance, sleep deprivation has become a widespread issue with significant implications for individuals and society. A study from Philips Global Sleep Survey (2019), shows that 62% of adults worldwide suffer from sleep deprivation. This insufficiency can result from various factors, such as lifestyle choices, medical conditions, or sleep disorders (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023). Bahammam et al. (2015) revealed that sleep deprivation is associated with poor academic performance, which is caused by poor hygiene and academic workload (Patrick et al., 2017). It is crucial to recognize the consequences of sleep deprivation. Obtaining sufficient sleep is one of the most vital practices for maintaining overall health and well-being. However, many individuals undervalue its importance due to factors such as increased workload (Knutson et al., 2017) technology addiction (Cartel et al., 2016), and evening chronotype (Roeser et al., 2016). Undoubtedly, these problems are present within the environment and globally. Philips Global Sleep Survey (2019) also shows that 62% of adults worldwide say that they do not sleep as much as they want, underscoring the prevalence of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a health issue that creates various consequences for individuals and society, including fatigue, mood changes, memory loss, and other health conditions. Each year, about 100,000 deaths occur in U.S. hospitals due to medical errors. Sleep deprivation is a significant contributor to the data from ASA, 2021. An increasing number of these cases can disrupt and drastically change a person’s quality of life (Alhola & Polo-Kantola, 2022). Academic workload is the weekly hours of face-to-face teaching, homework, projects, activities, and individual study. A heavy workload limits students’ availability to participate in extracurricular activities, pursue hobbies, or even engage in informal social interactions, all of which are vital for the development of soft skills and emotional intelligence (DepEd Gazette, n.d.). This stress consequently harms students' academic performance, mental health, and overall well-being. The academic workload could affect the overall learning experience of the students. Because of the workloads given to the students, major concerns arise such as mode of delivery of workload, student dependence on others, cramming, and stress (Adriano, 2023). It could lead to a negative perception of the learning environment, which could affect their motivation and engagement in the learning process. These outcomes underscore the importance of addressing the issues of academic workload among students. Addiction to technology creates serious problems for students, impacting their academic, mental, and social well-being. Excessive use of digital devices, such as smartphones and gaming consoles, has been linked to decreased academic performance due to distractions and reduced focus on studies (Samaha & Hawi, 2016). A survey by Amudhan et al. (2021) shows that phone addiction was the most common, followed by gaming addiction. The overuse of technology often disrupts sleep patterns, contributing to fatigue and lower cognitive function (Leone & Corte, 2020). Furthermore, this addiction also leads to increased levels of anxiety and depression, as constant engagement with social media can lead to feelings of insufficiency and social comparison (Twenge et al., 2017). ​ The productivity of students is boosted at different times of the day. Some have a preference for working in the morning and some at night. In a large student sample, about 24% of the students like to work in the evening (Adan & Natale 2002), this is further known as an evening chronotype. Some people execute this due to the different factors. It could be months of school work piling up and poor time management (Gaarde et al., 2018), or retaining information better the night before compared to the morning and the environment at night being much more peaceful (Lan, 2023). Despite having these positive factors there are still risks to be addressed such as sleep deprivation. Many adolescents fail to get adequate hours of sleep and instead spend time doing homework in the evening (Paterson et al., 2019). In the Philippines, a study by St. Luke’s Medical Center (n.d.) shows that more than 10 million adults are said to suffer from insomnia (the inability to fall asleep or stay awake when given a chance to do so and is associated with fatigue). According to the 2016 Healthy Living Index survey, the Philippines has one of the highest rates of sleep deprivation in Asia - 46 percent of Filipinos do not get enough sleep, while 32 percent said that they sleep for less than 6 hours. Filipino students are not an exemption from this population of sleep-deprived people. A study conducted by Parantar (2021), found that their participants, who are students, compromised their sleep due to technology with some experiencing mental disorders like anxiety and insomnia. The same study states that several students prefer doing their activities at night as they are more active than at daylight. As students are not exempted from this phenomenon, it is crucial to understand the factors contributing to sleep deprivation among students and its growing impact on their health and academic performance. Despite the awareness of this issue, there are still significant gaps, including the lack of focus on Senior High School (SHS) students, the influence of technology on sleep deprivation, and the limited studies of qualitative research that capture students’ personal experiences. This study aims to investigate the root causes of these gaps while analyzing the role of technology and focusing on the students’ perceptions. In conclusion, sleep is crucial for maintaining physical health, cognitive function, and well-being. Bahammam et al. (2015) states that sleep deprivation is associated with poor academic performance. It is crucial to learn the effects that sleep deprivation may cause. Having good sleep is one of the ways to maintain good health. However people may face some factors and it may be an increased workload, technology addiction, and an evening chronotype (DepEd Gazette, n.d.). Increased workload is hours on end with classes, projects, activities, and studying (Rutgers University, 2023). This can cause stress and can harm students' academic health, mental health, and well - being. These factors may not only disrupt students' sleeping patterns but also their academic performance. Studies from local perspectives state that the Philippines has the highest rates of sleep deprivation according to (2016 )Healthy Living Index survey. Despite the awareness of the issue to Senior High School Students (SHS). Some gaps still remain, those gaps need comprehensive research to promote healthier sleep and well - being. Through a deeper understanding of these factors students can prioritize their health and academic performance. Theoretical-Conceptual Framework Figure 1. Theoretical-Conceptual Framework Restoration Theory of Sleep Subsequently, this study is aimed at the discerning effect of sleep quality on senior high school student’s academic performance. The Restoration Theory of Sleep was proposed by Ian Oswald (1980) and further extended by Horne (1988). The theory talks about the rejuvenating effect of sleep on parts of the body. This theory states that inadequate sleep causes less productivity. This coincides with a person’s efficiency in studying as the researchers as their motivation to study (Zimmerman, 2011). Oswald suggests in this theory that different types of sleep are necessary for restoring different biological functions. Rapid Eye Movement (REM) is necessary for brain growth, repair, and reorganization while Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) is necessary for bodily growth and repair. Implementing the use of this theory will enable the ability to explore more about the specific effects of sleep on the respondents. It gives the researchers a better understanding of how sleep affects physical regeneration, emotional restoration, as well as a person's cognitive function. Physical Restoration ​ Sleep is vital for physical recovery and overall health (Sleep Foundation, n.d). Based on the Restoration Theory of Sleep, Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) plays a significant role in bodily repair and growth due to the impact of sleep on cellular regeneration, tissue repair, and the production of growth hormones (Oswald, 1980). A study by Dattilo et al. (2011) states that insufficient sleep has a negative impact on muscle recovery and hinders the body’s ability to recover from daily physical exertion. As senior high school student’s are prone to engaging in physically demanding activities like sports or long study sessions, sufficient sleep is needed for maintaining energy levels and physical health. Emotional Restoration ​ Sleep plays a big role in how we feel and how we handle our emotions. A study by Motomura et al. (2014) shows that even just one night of not getting enough sleep can have a huge impact on how humans process emotions. When people do not get enough sleep, they are more likely to react strongly to negative situations and struggle to control their feelings. For many, emotions can feel out of control, especially when they’re tired, so getting enough sleep is important to avoid mood swings and stay in a better mood overall. Proper sleep helps regulate emotions, making it easier to stay calm and think clearly, even when things get tough. Cognitive Function ​ Sleep significantly affects cognitive function; having inadequate sleep leads to various cognitive detriments. Research indicates that sleep deprivation can result in a slowing of response speed and problems in performance. More specifically affecting simple alertness, attention, and vigilance (Van Dongen et al., 2003). Additionally, sleep deprivation is known to affect cognitive performance, task performance, and brain function, especially functions associated with the frontal lobe, which is involved in alertness and attention (Bowers & McKinley, 2019). Furthermore, insufficient sleep can lead to short-term daytime cognitive impairment, highlighting the importance of improving sleep quality to improve cognitive performance and promote better thinking (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015). These findings emphasize the critical role of adequate sleep in maintaining optimal cognitive function. Statement of the Problem ​ The Centers for Disease Control (2023) describes sleep deprivation as occurring when a person receives less than 7 hours of quality sleep, which can lead to health issues such as anxiety, depression, obesity, heart disease, injuries, and chronic illnesses. The purpose of our study is to explore how sleep deprivation can affect the physical health and restoration of Senior High School students, what emotional or cognitive challenges they may face as a result of sleep deprivation, and what the primary factors that influence sleep deprivation are. 1.​ What factors contribute the most to sleep deprivation in senior high school students? 2.​ How do academic pressures, technology use, emotional stress, and sleep environment contribute to sleep deprivation among senior high school students? 3.​ How does sleep deprivation affect the physical health and restoration of senior high school students? 4.​ What emotional challenges do senior high school students face as a result of sleep deprivation? 5.​ What cognitive challenges do senior high school students face as a result of sleep deprivation? Scope and Limitation of the Study ​ This study focuses on the factors of sleep deprivation in Senior High School students of Sotero B. Cabahug FORUM for Literacy (SHS). Academic pressure is “the tension, discomfort, and other emotions caused by the pressure from school, family, and society in the learning process” as stated by Michael Vallejo (2021). Technology is how people Social factors are characteristics of individuals or groups that affect thought or behavior in social contexts and influence outcomes. Social factors are a factor in sleep deprivation due to Social Media, culture, Peers, and Environment. Emotional Stress is the underlying stress that stems from intense emotions like fear, anger, sadness, or frustration. Emotional Stress also triggers the body’s fight-or-flight response. The researchers cannot measure the long-term effects of sleep deprivation due to the limited time of the study. These are some factors that are outside students' control, According to Johnson et al.(2019) Epidemiologic research has shown that social features of environments, family, social cohesion, safety, noise, and neighborhood disorder can shape and/or impact sleep patterns of students. Significance of the Study This study will be conducted to determine the factors of sleep deprivation. This study proves to be significant to students, teachers, parents, and future researchers. It helps educate the students on the importance of getting enough and good quality of sleep.  For the students, the researchers hope to bring knowledge and give information to students about the factors of sleep deprivation. It helps future and present students to determine the factors of sleep deprivation. For the teachers, the researchers hope to give advice and warn teachers of the signs and dangers of sleep deprivation and the factors affecting it. For the parents, the researcher hopes to enlighten guardians of students who have been involved in this issue and help aid them. It gives parents ideas on the seriousness of sleep deprivation and helps them take precautions for their children. For future researchers, this research will be a useful reference in which they will be able to compare their findings and conclusions with ours and help contribute more to this understanding of this phenomenon. This study could help future researchers whose study is concerned about the factors of sleep deprivation. Definition of Terms ​ Sleep Deprivation - is the condition of not having adequate duration and/or quality of sleep to support decent alertness, performance, and health. ​ Stimulants - a class of drugs that speed up messages traveling between the brain and body. ​ Evening Chronotype - People who are more active at night  ​ Physical Restoration - the process of restoring a person's physical condition to an improved or unimpaired state. ​ Emotional Restoration - the strengthening of one’s emotional ability to cope with a loss or change in their lives ​ Cognitive Restoration - To improve a person's ability to think and to fix brain injuries and illnesses. ​ Rejuvenating - to make someone or something look or feel young and energetic again ​ Chronic illnesses - A long-term illness that lasts about 1 to 3 years. ​ Academic Performance - The performance of the student in terms of participation, tests, activities, and attention towards discussions ​ Sleep Environment - An area where it is comfortable and a quiet place for you to rest and relax. ​ Academic Pressure - the stress and anxiety that students experience when they feel overwhelmed by the demands of their education. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018) with about 13,000 high school students showed that 72.7% of high schoolers do not get enough sleep, and 20% sleep less than 6 hours a night. Sleep is important for both our body and mind, helping with things like memory and restoring energy (National Institutes of Health, 2023). Stevenson (2018) found that not getting enough sleep is different from getting enough, and it affects the body and brain differently. This problem has gotten worse for high school seniors because of their heavy schoolwork and social pressures (Wheaton et al., 2015). The same study by Wheaton et al. (2015) also mentions that things like academic stress and the use of technology are making sleep problems worse for students. Not getting enough sleep can hurt important brain functions like memory, decision-making, and focus, which affects their grades and daily life (Carskadon, 2011). To show how serious this is, Wheaton et al. (2015) also explain that sleep deprivation isn’t just bad for school performance, it can also affect mental health and overall quality of life. Factors Contributing to Sleep Deprivation ​ With approximately 73% of a population of 13,000 high school students reporting insufficient sleep (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018), this provokes the question, why are many adolescents sacrificing their precious hours of sleep despite its role in their well-being? Well, sleep deprivation in adolescents is caused by a combination of factors (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2023). Senior high school students, in particular, face unique challenges like an individualized curriculum (the Strand system) and increased workload that leads to disruptions in obtaining sufficient sleep. These disruptions can be identified as academic pressures, technology use, emotional stress, and sleep environment (Crowley et al., 2018). Understanding these factors provides insight into methods and strategies that promote healthier sleeping habits. The following sections will explore these factors in detail and provide a deeper explanation of how these factors lead to sleep deprivation. Academic Pressures ​ Academic pressures can be branched out into heavy workload, extensive homework, frequent exams, and looming deadlines which altogether are primary contributors to the issue of sleep deprivation in high school students. (Better Sleep Council, n.d.). Academic pressures also influence a person's academic stress (Better Sleep Council, n.d.). A report by Medical News Today (n.d.) indicates that this stress keeps 68% of the students up at night with 20% experiencing this at least once a week. To add to this, the University of Southern Mississippi (n.d.) states that the stress caused by academic pressure influences improper time management. Technology Use ​ A survey by the Erikson Institute (2018) found that 85% of parents allowed their children under the young age of 6 to use technology with another report by Pew Research Center (2022) indicating that a staggering 97% of teens use the internet daily with 46% reporting they are online almost constantly. Technology use has been a rising trend that almost seems to be part of our current generation. With children being stuck to their devices, this leads to bedtime use of these devices which is associated with inadequate sleep hours, poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness (Carter et al., 2016). Additionally, the Sleep Foundation (2023) found that exposure to the light emitted by electronic devices suppresses melatonin production, and being exposed to stimulating content makes it harder for the person to sleep which reduces sleep duration. Emotional Stress ​ An article by the American Psychological Association (2023) states that 20% of teenagers suffer from mental health disorders, which consist of disorders like anxiety and depression. Academic stress can be identified as one of the leading causes, due to the pressure caused by exams and homework, of certain emotional challenges, particularly depression and burnout (Guo & Zhang, 2022). These emotional struggles lead to difficulty in falling asleep, staying asleep, and getting sufficient sleep due to the elevated levels of cortisol which disrupts the body's natural sleep cycle (Baum et al., 2014). Sleep Environment ​ Sleep environments can be defined by factors such as noise, light, temperature, and comfort of the sleeping space and a proper sleep environment that promotes restful sleep should be dark, quiet, and cool (American Sleep Association, 2023). Disruptions in these environmental factors lead to effects on sleep patterns, as stated by a study by Crowley et al. (2007), disruptions in the sleep environment are shown to delay sleep onset making it harder to fall asleep at the desired time. Additionally, shared spaces and household routines fall under the sleep environment as well. According to a study by Hirata et al. (2022), room sharing was a significant indicator of sleep problems in children. Restoration Theory of Sleep  The Restoration Theory Of Sleep was proposed by Ian Oswald which suggests that sleep serves as a restorative process that allows the body and mind to recover its energy. A study by Michaela Kudrnáčová (2023) shows that sleep deprivation or low quality of sleep has been associated with low quality of life. In addition, the same study has shown that sleeping patterns are associated with quality of life and that there are factors such as sleep quality and sleep duration. People who often obtain high-quality sleep were found to have better general health (Groeger JA et. al,2015). Furthermore, it suggests that sleep duration is a reliable source of well-being (Kalak N et. al,2014). It has been found that both too short and too long periods of sleep have increased mortality in which there is no agreement as to what is the normal, short, or long sleep duration. Sleep quality has been considered as quality of life more than sleep duration although they are not usually investigated together as its main focus is on sleep quality.​ Research Gap ​ In understanding student stress, it is crucial to consider the physiological factors that contribute to stress levels. Studies have shown that physiological factors, such as sleep quality significantly impact a student’s ability to manage stress ( Filippis et al.,2024). Sleep quality plays a huge role in managing stress among students. Numerous studies have shown that poor sleep quality has a connection with increased levels of stress which contributes to a student's academic pressure (Wang R et al.,2014). Psychological factors such as self-esteem, anxiety, and depression are also significant contributors to a student’s academic pressure. ​ ​ ​ ​ One of the purposes of this study is to find out if high computer use is a risk factor for developing mental health symptoms in a population sample of young adults. Computer use and several mental health outcomes have been associated with stress and sleep disturbances. Technology use has also been associated with feeling overloaded examples are email/chat. As participants spend their time on other activities their email/chat accumulates which contributes to stress. Social isolation is another consequence of high computer use as it has a negative impact and supports the position that loneliness leads to increased internet use. (Morahan-Martin et al.,2003).​ ​ ​ Physical activity offers numerous advantages to a person’s health. Engaging in physical activity enhances cognitive growth, motor abilities, self-confidence, social interaction, academic achievement, and overall welfare (World Health Organization,2020). Although physical activity has its benefits it is difficult to measure as investigations are few. In addition, different physical activity as well as differences in age and gender makes it uncertain that exercise promotes sleep. More studies must be conducted in order to further understand the association between physical activity and sleep.​ ​ ​ Sleep is essential in personal well-being and recovery from everyday exhaustion. Poor sleep quality increases the risk of mental issues such as anxiety and poor emotional regulation (Freeman D et al.,2020). Emotional regulation can also affect sleep habits and behaviors which contribute to sleep quality. A correlation was found between poor sleep quality and negative emotions connected with lower emotional regulation (Weismann DG et al.,2020). They found that higher sleep quality led to improved emotional regulation which in turn leads to better sleep quality.​ ​ ​ Sleep is an important physiological process for humans. Due to social pressures and academic workload, students often report poor sleep quality (Li et al.,2017). Sleep disorders among students have become a common problem as sleep loss negatively impacts the overall mental well-being of students (Mah et al.,2018). With the improvement of living standards, the use of technology by the student population has become very common which influences the student's lifestyle and habits. All of these factors help contribute to sleep deprivation which affects the overall sleep quality of students.​ ​ In summary, this review of related literature highlights that sleep deprivation in adolescents is a varied issue caused by factors such as academic pressures, technology use, emotional stress, and poor sleep environments. These factors significantly affect a students’ mental, emotional, and physical health, which leads to issues in academic performance and well-being. However, there remains gaps in understanding how these factors interact, particularly within the perspective of senior high school students facing a more individualized curriculum. By addressing these gaps, this study helps contribute to the broader understanding of sleep deprivation and the factors that influence it. The study also aims to promote strategies and raise awareness on the importance of healthy sleeping habits. ​  CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design This study will utilize a Phenomenological approach to emphasize the lived experience of the respondents. Phenomenology is a qualitative research methodology that seeks to understand, describe, and interpret human behavior from the perspective of the person being studied. According to Max van Mena (2017), The term phenomenology occurs in a confusing abundance and range of qualitative studies and publications. This research design is reliant on human experiences, personal journeys, and life events. Phenomenology is a philosophic attitude and research approach. Its primary position is that the most basic human truths are accessible only through inner subjectivity and that the person is integral to the environment Anna Flood (2010) Moreover, the intention of this research design was to analyze the respondents' lived experiences with sleep deprivation and the factors that caused it. To analyze the sleep experiences of a group of people, a phenomenological approach is the most suitable. This design helps the researchers achieve a deeper understanding of the students and their sleep quality which may not be accomplished by other research methods. Research Respondents  The participants in this research consist of the population of Grade 11 and Grade 12 Senior High School students of Sotero B. Cabahug FORUM for Literacy. The reason for having the entire class become part of the research population is to determine the consistency of the factors mentioned. The researchers have chosen the Senior High School students due to their given curriculum in which they deal a lot with academic workload. With this situation, we can assess their experiences with sleep deprivation and the factors that lead to this insufficiency of sleep. Furthermore, having the entire class participate in the process of data gathering gives the researchers a greater amount of responses which can help the consistency of appearing factors. The sampling technique to be applied will be convenience sampling. In convenience sampling, the respondents are chosen based on their accessibility and availability. Hence, we chose the population of Grade 11 and Grade 12 students because they are readily available to us, such as being part of the same school the researchers are from. This ensures a time-efficient approach to sampling for the researchers and ensures convenience as well. Table 2.1. Research Respondents Grade 11 Section Girls Boys Number of Students Tesla 23 16 39 Grade 12 Section Girls Boys Number of Students Hawking 13 11 24 ​ ​ Research Environment This study is conducted within Sotero B. Cabahug FORUM for Literacy, chosen for its accessibility and convenience for both researchers and respondents. This environment enables and ensures the distribution and collection of survey data while giving a flexible time frame for its completion. This study utilizes physical survey questionnaires to be handed out to the respondents, the environment will provide a comfortable setting that encourages thoughtful and honest responses. Sources of Data The researchers will ask the respondents, Grade 11 and Grade 12, a series of multiple questions regarding their experiences with sleep deprivation and the factors that have caused it. To ensure a genuine and authentic response from the respondents, we ensure confidentiality and we will require them to write down their thoughts and answers instead of having a face-to-face conversation. Data Collection Pre-Data Gathering ​ In this phase, the researchers will analyze how to determine if the student experiences sleep deprivation as well as the factors we will primarily focus on. Depending on what is determined, a survey questionnaire will be constructed. Consent forms prepared by the researchers will be handed out to the respondents. The parents of the respondents will be requested to sign these consent forms to ensure that the respondents are allowed to answer the questionnaires to be handed out. During Data Gathering ​ In the second phase, the respondents will be handed out questionnaires, face-to-face, to be answered on the spot. The questionnaires will contain questions that coincide with sleep deprivation and the factors that may have led to this experience.​ ​ Post Data Gathering ​ Once the questionnaires are answered and gathered, the researchers will read and analyze the data thoroughly. The findings the researchers find will be discussed until a consensus is achieved. A thematic analysis will be used to evaluate the data acquired. The results will be categorized to describe the variations in sleep quality as well as its influence on academic performance. Research Tools  The tool that will be implemented is a Survey Questionnaire; it is defined as a research tool with the main purpose of gathering information from participants' responses through a survey. These survey questionnaires will gather the results needed for the study while ensuring that researchers obtain reliable information (Hamed Taherdoost, 2016). With this method, it ensures that researchers can obtain the sufficient amount of data needed for their study. Using the questionnaires the researchers will measure the influence of sleep quality on the academic performance of students. The researchers will apply questionnaires in order to gather data to fully understand the factors of sleep deprivation and how these factors lead to sleep deprivation. Data Analysis The researchers will utilize Thematic Analysis to interpret the data collected from the surveys conducted. It is a method used in research to identify and interpret patterns or themes in a data set; it often leads to new insights and understanding (Boyatzis, 1998; Elliott, 2018; Thomas, 2006) It analyzes qualitative data - that is, data relating to opinions, thoughts, feelings, and other descriptive information. A “goal-free” evaluation aligns well with inductive research where theories are developed from the data (Scriven, 1991). According to Clarke and Braun (2006), users of thematic analysis develop core skills for conducting other kinds of qualitative data. They also designed a process of Thematic Analysis that consists of a 6-step process. This process will be used to identify themes and patterns in the data collected to identify the students’ experiences with their sleep quality and how it affects their academic performance. The first step is becoming familiar with the data. In this phase, researchers will read and re-read the transcripts, field notes, or other qualitative data sources to gain a deeper understanding of the topic. The second step is the generation of codes; once the researchers familiarise the data they will generate initial codes. This involves systematic labeling and organizing the data into meaningful groups. The third phase is the search for themes. In this phase, the researchers will look for recurring ideas, concepts, or patterns across the coded data. The fourth phase is the reviewing of themes; it is crucial to review and refine once the researchers have identified potential themes. The fifth phase is defining and naming the themes. The researchers will review the themes and begin to define them, giving them names. And the last phase starts after the researchers have fully identified the topics and are ready to start writing reports and conducting the final analysis Ethical Consideration The study will adhere to Republic Act No. 10173 of the Philippines, which is more commonly referred to as the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (DPA). This act seeks to protect all forms of information, be it private, personal, or sensitive.  To furthermore reinforce the confidentiality of our research, Section 3, Article III, the Code of Ethics of the Philippine Medical Association stated that, “The physician shall hold as private and highly confidential whatever may be discovered or learned pertinent to the patient even after death, except when required by law, ordinance, or administrative order in the promotion of justice, safety, and public health”. Furthermore, the researchers will obtain signed consent forms with signatures from both the respondent and the respondent’s parents to ensure that participation was purely voluntary and that respondents who chose to not participate were allowed to do so. REFERENCES AIA Philippines. (2016). Filipinos score low on the 2016 Healthy Living Index due to unhealthy habits. 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