Geography Notes PDF

Key Notes:​ ​ The shape of the Earth is not circle, but oblate spheroid ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Earth is made up of 71% water and 29% land Earth’s crust is 8 km deep 32 kilometres thick under the continents 870 degrees Cels...

Key Notes:​ ​ The shape of the Earth is not circle, but oblate spheroid ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Earth is made up of 71% water and 29% land Earth’s crust is 8 km deep 32 kilometres thick under the continents 870 degrees Celsius, Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. Mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth, made up of hot and dense rocks Largest layer of the Earth, Outer Core - is made up of liquid nickel and iron ​ ​ Inner Core - is a solid layer of the Earth that has 3,000,000x air pressure compared to the surface of the Earth. Revolution vs Rotation ​ Earth revolves around the sun for 365 days and 6 hrs. (that’s why we have 4 years for Leap year 6x4 = 24 hrs making an additional day) ​ ​ - Gregorian Calendar is the current calendar being used. (originated from Pope Gregory) ​ Earth rotates on its own axis for 24 hrs, creating a day/night cycle. ​ Planets in the Solar System according to size:​ ​ Mercury​ ​ Mars ​ ​ Venus ​ ​ Earth​ ​ Neptune ​ ​ Uranus​ ​ Saturn ​ ​ Jupiter Neil Armstrong was the first human to walk on the surface of the moon. Yuri Gagarin was the first person to travel into space Ecosystems Biotic- living organism like plants, animals and microorganisms Abiotic- a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment Amazon Forest- provide 20% oxygen and considered higher biodiversity because of many species Mutualism- where two or more species benefit from each other Predation- Lion hunting, the predator kills and eats another organism Parasitism- The organism that is benefitted is called the parasite, while the one that is harmed is called the host. Greenhouse gasses is important to avoid the Earth of being too cold Week 2 Regional Geography- Carl Ritter Topical Geography- The study of earth surface or human activity as it occurs throughout the world Ex Soil quality and railroad transportation Physical Geography- How human affects the Earth, about Human activities Geomorphology- How landforms affect each other Ex: Why are rivers flowing? Climatology- study of Earth's climate, including the weather patterns and atmospheric conditions that cause them Cloud formation and wind movements Mathematical Geography- accurate measurement of the earth exact location of the city in latitude and longitude Circumference of the World- 40,00 kilometers Eratosthenes- Experiment the Earth is not flat Oceanography- study of ocean phenomena, current wave activity, temperature differences and tides Biogeography- study of geographical distribution of plants and animals Botany and Zoology Medical Geography- known as Health Geography -about disease that can find in a specific area -parasites and conditions Human Geography- Primary concern is man and his works -Economics, political science, history, sociology, anthropology Cultural Geography -Cultural traits such as customs, traditions, taboos, religion, dialects, customs Population Geography-study of numbers and distribution of people. -ethnic groups, religious compositions and rate of population growth Political Geography- the study of relationships between political units such as provinces or states, nations, or union of nations Historical Geography- The study of the manner by which geographic patterns of man and his works change through time. Urban Geography -The study of cities with important roles cities play in the life of nations. Elements of Geography Physical Elements 1.​ Hydrosphere, Litosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere Cultural Elements 1.​ Cultural ,Habitat, Weather, Human Culture