Geo Section A Study Guide PDF

Chris Engineer Canadian astronaut The amount of pics he took from space From altitude or height Helps explain or define things that wouldn't be found if he didn't take them Nile north flowing river into the delta 2^nd^ photo amazon river basin, a bilia bomb Defining physical geograpghy Gree...

Chris Engineer Canadian astronaut The amount of pics he took from space From altitude or height Helps explain or define things that wouldn't be found if he didn't take them Nile north flowing river into the delta 2^nd^ photo amazon river basin, a bilia bomb Defining physical geograpghy Greek meaning : earth description The study of the evolving character of the Earth's surface why places are different Spatial analysis of physical components and natural processes of Earth Two specializations; Huaman and physical geography What is where? Why there? Why care? What is where, describing what we see Delta currents when its moving settlement Why is it there, the processes, water flowing down, picks up settlement, makes fertile area, Why do we care, environmental perspective, lots of ppl living there, climate change, pollution Focus of our future assignments Human geography our human imprint on the world Anthropogenic landscapes: landscapes created or influenced by humans Remote sensing, techneics Everything in this class is connected to natural resources, important that we use it in a sustainable matter Lithium, in rechargeable batteries, Lithium mining in chilies desert. Economically practical to recover Evaporation pawns the light the blue the greater concentration Subdisciplines of geography Elements if geography: Physical and social science can bridges the gap between the 2 Geography characteristics 1. Looks at how things how things differ from place to place 2. Has no particular body of factors objects it can call holy its own 3. It's a very broad field of inquiry and borrows its objects from other study related disciplines 4. A both a physical and social science bc it combines characteristics of both and can be conceptualized as bridging the gap between the two 5. Its interested in interrelationships, that is, how varies factors both physical and cultural interrelate - Geomorphology: the study of land forms - Biogeography: geographical distribution of plants and animals Scales of inquiry A.2 - Spatial Scale: physical size, length, distance, or area of an object or the physical space occupied by a process, greenhouse affect - - Temporal Scale: window of time used to examine phenomena and processes or the length of time over which they develop or change - The age of the earth. Will be tested on the second test and final exam estimated to be **4.6 billion years** - Small scale: A geographic scale that includes a large area of Earth's surface, such as a map of a continent or a hemisphere, think of globe not a lot of detail - Large scale: A geographic scale that pertains to a geographically restricted area, such as a city or a neighborhood, lots of detail restricted area ex u of m campus map A.3 Matter and Energy in earth physical - Matter : any material that occupies space - the flow of energy through the earth physical system - Matter 3 states - Solid state molecules bonded together - If u add heat to now liquid, bonds are continuously forming and breaking - Water evaporates into gas, molecules aren't bonded roaming freely - States of water - Water can exists in all 3 states at the same time - Categories of energy - Energy definition can be on test - - **Energy:** Performs work on or can change the state of matter - - **Potential Energy:** energy stored in an object or material - - **Kinetic Energy:** energy of movement - **Categories of Energy in Physical Geography** - **[Radiant Energy]:** The energy of electromagnetic waves - **[Heat Energy]:** created by internal motion of atoms - **Geothermal Energy:** Heat from Earth's interior - **Chemical Energy**: energy released through a chemical reaction example, photosynthesis - Path of the Sun's Radiant Energy - Heating up molecues - Cause them to move around into the amptosphere - Energy in flowing river -- kinetic energy , "do work" : the process of shaping land forms - Dams create potential energy - When water released from the damn the tubines spin which cause electrical energy - Lithosphere: Litho, Greek fro stone - Atmosphere: atmo, freek for air - Heat from the sun keeps the atmposphere to keep in motion, atmp most dense t sea levelm thins out higher in air - 71% of ealrth surface is cobered by water, 29% contenit - Hydrosphere: hydro, Greek for water - Biosphere: bio, Greek for life ( life layer) - Intersects all of the relms -- will ask abt realms on test A.4 Systems Theory - System: a collection of things and proccese connected toogetehr and operating as a wwhle - Holistic framework - The worth complex, in order to deal w it empoy nurmoeus - Natural sysyems are greater than thenh sum of their parts - Systems theory : - Atmosphere - The longer radiant energy falls doen to the earth the morelikey it will get moved aaround - Closed Systems: - Energy is input an doutput but the system is closed to matter - Earth is more or less a closed system - Matter not leaving or coming in - Ex snowglobe closed system - Meteors come back to eath - Open Systems: - Energy and matter are freely exchanged across systems - Most earth systems are open systems River System - Open system - Inputs: precipitation, sediment, aquatic life, and energy ( sunlight) - Outputs: water flowing out, evaporation, heat energy Systems response to change - Feedback loop create changes in other partw of the system - 1\. Positive feedback - Initial change in the same direction - Reinforce/ accentuate - 2\. Negative feedback - Ex) homeostasis - Initial change will bring about additional change in the opposite direction - Compensate/ regulate - Carbon dioxide - If there more c02 plants will grow results in decrease - Summer plants use more c02 results in decrease - Winter increase - Land mass is in the northern hemisphere