Exam Review SNC2D1 2025 PDF
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2025
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This document presents a collection of questions from a chemistry and biology review for an exam. The pages contain multiple-choice and open-ended questions related to topics covered in SNC2D1, in 2025.
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### **[CHEMISTRY REVIEW]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Lewis Dot or Bohr Diagram of ATOM Lewis Dot or Bohr Diagram of ION Lewis Dot or Bohr Diagram of the formation of the COMPOUND, showing electron transfer -----------...
### **[CHEMISTRY REVIEW]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Lewis Dot or Bohr Diagram of ATOM Lewis Dot or Bohr Diagram of ION Lewis Dot or Bohr Diagram of the formation of the COMPOUND, showing electron transfer ----------- ----------------------------------- ---------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Magnesium In paper Formula: Chlorine Aluminum Formula: Oxygen 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. a\. aluminum combines with chlorine 2Al+3Cl2-\>2AlCl3 synthesis b\. magnesium combines with aluminum chloride 3Mg+2AlCl3-\>2Al+3MgCl2 single displacement c\. calcium chloride combines with sodium sulfide CaCl2+Na2S-\>CaS+2NaCl double displacement d\. barium oxide is heated 2BaO-\>2Ba + O2 e\. methane fuel burns f\. Sn +4 AgNO~3~ -\> 4Ag +Sn(NO3)4 g\. NiCO~3~ -\>Ni+CO3 h\. CaCl~2~ + F~2~ -\> CaF2+Cl2 i\. (NH~4~) ~2~SO~4~ + Ba(NO~3~) ~2~ -\>2NH4NO3+BaSO4 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. ### ### **[BIOLOGY REVIEW]** 1. 2. 3. 4. a. b. - - c. d. 5. 6. 7. e. f. g. h. **Capillaries** are thin-walled vessels that link arteries and veins in tissues. They allow for exchange of gases and materials with tissue Arteries: thick walled, muscular vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart **Veins**: thin walled vessels that carry blood BACK to heart; have valves to prevent backflow of blood i. **Blood** is made of RBCs, WBC, Platelets & Plasma - - - - 8. j. k. l. m. 9. ### **1. Gas Exchange at the Alveoli** - ### **Respiratory System\'s Role**: The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs through inhalation, and it expels carbon dioxide through exhalation. The oxygen travels through the bronchi and bronchioles, eventually reaching the alveoli, tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs. - ### **Circulatory System\'s Role**: The circulatory system, specifically the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, is crucial for transporting gases. Oxygen diffuses across the thin walls of the alveoli into the blood, where it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells. At the same time, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli, where it will be expelled from the body during exhalation. ### **2. Oxygen Transport** - ### **Respiratory System\'s Role**: The lungs provide oxygen to the blood by facilitating its transfer from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries. - ### **Circulatory System\'s Role**: Once oxygen enters the bloodstream, the circulatory system transports oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart. The heart then pumps this oxygenated blood through the arteries to various organs and tissues throughout the body, delivering oxygen to cells that need it for cellular respiration. ### **3. Carbon Dioxide Removal** - ### **Respiratory System\'s Role**: The respiratory system is responsible for removing carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli, from where it is expelled from the body during exhalation. - ### **Circulatory System\'s Role**: The circulatory system collects carbon dioxide from tissues, where it is produced as a byproduct of metabolism. It carries the deoxygenated blood, containing carbon dioxide, back to the lungs via the venous system. Once in the lungs, carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen in the alveoli and exhaled. ### **4. Heart\'s Role in Circulating Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide** - ### **Circulatory System\'s Role**: The heart is the central pump of the circulatory system. Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart through the pulmonary veins and is pumped out to the body via the left ventricle through the aorta. The deoxygenated blood, which has delivered its oxygen to tissues and collected carbon dioxide, returns to the right side of the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava. From there, it is pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries to release carbon dioxide and pick up more oxygen. - ### **Respiratory System\'s Role**: As the heart pumps blood to the lungs, the respiratory system facilitates the gas exchange at the alveoli. The heart and lungs work together to ensure that oxygen is delivered to tissues and carbon dioxide is removed. ### **5. Regulation of Breathing by the Circulatory System** - ### **Respiratory System\'s Role**: The respiratory system adjusts the rate and depth of breathing based on the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. When blood oxygen levels drop or carbon dioxide levels rise, the respiratory centers in the brain trigger faster and deeper breaths to restore balance. - ### **Circulatory System\'s Role**: Chemoreceptors in the circulatory system (in the carotid arteries and aorta) detect changes in blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. When they detect high carbon dioxide levels or low oxygen levels, they send signals to the brain to increase respiratory rate to correct the imbalance. This feedback loop ensures the proper functioning of both systems. ### **6. Blood Pressure and Respiratory Function** - ### **Respiratory System\'s Role**: The process of breathing influences the venous return of blood to the heart. During inhalation, the diaphragm lowers and expands the thoracic cavity, which creates a slight negative pressure in the chest that helps draw blood back to the heart. - ### **Circulatory System\'s Role**: Blood pressure is influenced by the pumping action of the heart and the resistance of the blood vessels. In turn, the circulatory system affects the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs. For example, high blood pressure can strain the heart and the vessels, possibly impacting the lungs\' ability to exchange gases effectively. ### **7. Hemoglobin\'s Role in Transporting Gases** - ### **Respiratory System\'s Role**: Oxygen is carried from the alveoli to the blood in the form of oxyhemoglobin, a complex formed when oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells. - ### **Circulatory System\'s Role**: The circulatory system is responsible for transporting these oxygen-laden red blood cells through arteries to tissues. Hemoglobin\'s affinity for oxygen is regulated by the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which change depending on whether the blood is at the lungs (high oxygen, low carbon dioxide) or at the tissues (low oxygen, high carbon dioxide). ### **8. Acid-Base Balance** - ### **Respiratory System\'s Role**: The respiratory system helps maintain the body\'s acid-base balance by regulating the levels of carbon dioxide. When carbon dioxide dissolves in the blood, it forms carbonic acid, which can lower blood pH. - ### **Circulatory System\'s Role**: The circulatory system helps maintain this balance by transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it can be expelled. The removal of excess carbon dioxide prevents the blood from becoming too acidic. The respiratory system adjusts the breathing rate based on changes in blood pH as detected by chemoreceptors. ### ### **[PHYSICS REVIEW]** 1. 2. a. b. 3. c. d. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. e. f. 15.