Grade 9 Geography Final Exam Review PDF

**[Grade 9 Geography ]** **[Final Exam Review]** +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Exam | | | | | | | Mark | | | | | | | Table** | |...

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Lawrence river, hudson bay, arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic ocean. **major cities in canada:**Vancouver Toronto Montreal Calgary Ottawa Edmonton Quebec City Winnipeg Halifax Nova Scotia Victoria British Columbia Regina Saskatchewan Whitehorse Yukon Iqaluit Nunavut Yellowknife **Elements of a map:** the title, legend, scale, color and elevation **What are maps:** maps are things that help people know where they are. **Legends:** a legend is a guide using colors describing countries or regions. **Diagrams:** a diagram is a simplified presentation of information. **Topography:** topography is a word used to describe a land surface and layout. **What is latitude referred to:** Latitude is referred to as the distance north or south of equator **What is longitude referred to:** Longitude is referred to as the distance east or west of the prime meridian. **Finding latitude and longitude on a map:** Latitude is listed first 45.N followed by longitude 75.W **Calculating time zones:** the earth is divided into 24 time zones each representing 15. Of longitude (360./24=15.per hour. **Compass degrees:** North (N): 0. Or 360., East (E): 90., South (S): 180., West (W): 270. **[Unit 2 Part 1: Physical Geography]** **-Landform regions \>where is caledon, halifax, victoria, and winnipeg located in** **-Pangea:** Pangea is a supercontinent that existed around 300 million years ago before all the continents split apart. **[Unit 2 Part 2: Climate]** **-What is the weather, climate, temperature?** Weather refers to differences in weather conditions, climate is long term pattern of weather in a region and temperature is a measure of how hot or cold it is **-Climate region characteristics - continental & maritime** **Continental:** Found near land characterized by greater temperatures, hot summers and cold winters. **Maritime:** found near large water bodies with milder temperatures and higher precipitation. **-LOWERN:** Latitude, Ocean, Winds, Elevation, Relief, Near water. **-Calculate temperature range and average temperature** Temperature range: subtract the lowest temperature from the highest temperature, Average temperature: add up all temperatures and divide by the number of observations. **[Unit 3: Natural Resources]** **-Renewable and Nonrenewable resources** **Renewable:** Replenish natural resources **Nonrenewable:** will take millions of years to form **-Oil provinces** Regions rich in oil resources Alberta in Canada or Texas in the U.S. **-Raw Materials** Basic materials used to produce goods are timber, iron ore. **-Impacts of the natural resource industry (Non-renewable energy** **sources; the positive and negative impacts)** **Positive:** Economic growth, Job creation **Negative:** Greenhouse gas emissions, habitat loss **-What makes a place a good place to live (Unit 4 & 5)** Access to resources, clean water, food, job opportunities, schools and hospitals. **-3R's triangle:** Reduce, Reuse, Recycle **-Describe and draw the logging techniques:** Clear cutting, selective cutting, shelterwood cutting. **[Unit 4: Human Geography]** **-Define; Population distribution:** the pattern of where people live in a specific area. **population density:** the number of people per unit area formula population / area. **Refugee:** a person that is forced to move to a different country. **Immigrant:** a person that moves to a different country to live. **Citizen:** a person that was born there and that is a member. **Reserves:** Land that is set aside for indigenous communities. **Developed:** a country that has high standards and is advanced like Canada and Germany. **Developing:** a country with lower standards and is less developed. **Newly industrialized:** a country that went from developing to developed in a quick time. **literacy rate:** the percentage of people who can read or write. **Tariff:** a tax on imported or exported goods. **baby boom:** an increase in birth rates followed a major event like WWll. **-Population pyramids:**Graphs that show age and gender structure of population **dependency load:** the percentage of people too young \[or too old to work. **Gender:** male to female ratio in a population. **life expectancies:** the average age a person is expected to live based on current conditions. **-Calculate; natural increase rate:** Birth rate - Death rate. **net migration rate:** immigration rate - Emigration rate. **population growth rate:** (NIR + NMR)/ 10. **birth rate:** (total deaths / total population) x 1000. **death rate:** (total deaths / total population) x 1000. **immigration rate:** immigrants / total population) x 1000. **emigration rate:** (emigrants / total population) x 1000. **-Location factors - be able to apply a few:** access to resources, climate and environment, job opportunities **-Primary:** involves extracting raw materials farming,fishing and mining **Secondary:** involves manufacturing and processing raw materials. **Tertiary:** provides services like healthcare, education, retail. **-Migration; push factors:** negative aspects that force people to leave. **pull factors:** Positive aspects that attract people to a new place. **intervening obstacles:** Barriers to migration such as legal restrictions cost.**Importing:** buying goods and services from another country **& Exporting:** selling goods and services to other countries **-What is HDI:** Human Development index