Grade 9 Geography Final Exam Review

Grade 9 Geography Final Exam Review

• Exam format: Parts A-H, various question types (e.g., 20/U, 10/K/U, 10/App), weighted categories.
• Suggested time: 90 minutes, with review time built in.
• Exam weights: Knowledge/Understanding (25%), Thinking (25%), Application (25%), Communication (25%).

Unit 1: Mapping Skills

• Provinces/Territories: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon.
• Bodies of Water: Great Lakes, St. Lawrence River, Hudson Bay, Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean.
• Major Canadian Cities: Vancouver, Toronto, Montreal, Calgary, Ottawa, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg, Halifax, Victoria, Regina, Whitehorse, Iqaluit, Yellowknife.

Unit 2 Part 1: Physical Geography

• Elements of a Map: Title, legend, scale, color, elevation.
• Maps: Tools for geographic understanding (where things are).
• Legends: Guides for map symbols and colors.
• Diagrams: Simplified representations of information.
• Topography: Description of land surfaces and layouts.
• Latitude: Distance north or south of the equator.
• Longitude: Distance east or west of the prime meridian.
• Calculating time zones: Earth divided into 24 zones, each 15 degrees of longitude apart.
• Compass directions: North, East, South, West (with corresponding degrees).
• Landform regions: Caledon, Halifax, Victoria, Winnipeg (locations).
• Pangea: Ancient supercontinent that existed millions of years ago.

Unit 2 Part 2: Climate

• Weather vs. Climate: Weather=current/short term conditions; Climate = patterns over time.
• Temperature: Measured on a scale, determines whether weather is hot or cold.
• Climate characteristics: Continental (extreme temperature changes) and Maritime (moderate temperature changes).

Unit 3: Natural Resources

• Renewable resources: resources replenished naturally, relatively quickly.
• Non-renewable resources: take millions of years to form, not replenished quickly
• Oil provinces: regions with significant oil resources (e.g. Alberta Canada, Texas USA)
• Raw materials: Basic materials (timber, iron ore) for goods production.
• Impacts of the natural resource industry (positive and negative aspects of non-renewable energy sources)

Unit 4: Human Geography

• Population Distribution/Density: Where people live and the number of people per area.
• Refugees/Immigrants/Citizens: People forced to move, those moving to a new place, and people born in a specific place respectively.
• Reserves: Land set aside for indigenous communities.
• Developed/Developing/Newly industrialized countries: different levels of economic advancement.
• Literacy rate: percentage of people who can read and write
• Tariffs: taxes on imported/exported goods, imposed for protectionist or economic policies
• Baby Boom: increase in birth rate following a significant event (WWII).
• Population pyramids: Graphical representation of age and gender structure, to study population patterns.
• Dependency load: part of the population too old/young to work.
• Gender: ratio of males to females in a population.
• Life expectancies: average estimated lifespan for a population member.

Unit 5: Migration and Globalization

• Calculating natural increase rate: birth rate minus death rate.
• Net migration rate: immigration rate minus emigration rate.
• Population Growth Rate: Natural and Net migration rates combined.
• Location factors: access to resources, climate, environment, job opportunities.
• Primary activities: Extracting raw materials (farming, fishing, mining).
• Secondary activities: Manufacturing and processing materials.
• Tertiary activities: Services (healthcare, education, retail).
• Migration push/pull factors, migration intervening obstacles
• Importing/Exporting: Buying and selling goods/services across countries.
• Human Development Index (HDI): index that measures levels of development around the world.