New Imperialism in Africa PDF

New Imperialism Cycle 8 Meeting 1 Remember Imperialism? It's back! But what could be the reasons behind the New Imperialism? ENDURING UNDERSTANDING(S) Students will understand that... ⊹ Western countries experienced rapid industrialization which led them to the second stage of...

New Imperialism Cycle 8 Meeting 1 Remember Imperialism? It's back! But what could be the reasons behind the New Imperialism? ENDURING UNDERSTANDING(S) Students will understand that... ⊹ Western countries experienced rapid industrialization which led them to the second stage of imperialism. ⊹ People respond and resolve conflict in a variety of ways. ⊹ Each nation constructs its own identity based on its own historical experience.  ESSENTIAL QUESTION(S) ⊹ What differentiates one nation’s identity from another? ⊹ Is nationalism beneficial or detrimental to world peace? ⊹ What led to Western dominance to imperialize other nations? ⊹ How can new ideas accelerate economic and political change? New Imperialism 1800s-1900s  New Imperialism CAUSES New Imperialism: CAUSES Social Darwinism The theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection as Charles Darwin perceived in plants and animals in nature. Social Darwinism held that the life of humans in society was a struggle for existence ruled by “survival of the fittest”  Social Darwinism: tool for scientific racism The Europeans believed that they, as the white race, were dominant and that it was only natural for them to conquer the “inferior” people as nature’s way of improving mankind Proof of superiority: New Technology. Manifestations of social Darwinism 1. Believed that people could genetically pass learned qualities, such as frugality and morality, on to their children. 2. Economy- Opposed any laws that helped workers, the poor, and those he deemed genetically weak. Such laws would go against the evolution of civilization by delaying the extinction of the “unfit.” 3. Eugenics- Proponents of the eugenics movement reasoned the best way to do this was by preventing “unfit” individuals from having children. In USA, they passed laws that resulted in the forced sterilization of more than 64,000 Americans including immigrants, people of color, unmarried mothers and the mentally ill. Most victims are POCs. Debunking the concept of race 1. Franz Boas challenged the notion of race as a biological concept by showing that head shapes among immigrants varied significantly, debunking racial stability. 2. W.E.B. Du Bois attributed health differences to social inequality, 3. Richard Lewontin's study revealed that genetic diversity within races far exceeded differences between them. But why do we have different physiology from different "races"? According to biological anthropologists, human genetic variation is due to their geographic cline. Example, skin pigmentation of people.  SYNTHESIS Analyze the connection between racism and imperialism through the given cartoon. Does Imperialism have an impact on the individual? POL eco SoC 1. The eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte to power as emperor of France. 2. The economic hardship faced by the lower classes, leading to food shortages and riots. 3. The rise of urbanization as people moved from rural areas to cities for factory jobs. 4. The increase in child labor as factories employed young children for low wages. 5. The poor living conditions in overcrowded cities led to health problems and shorter lifespans for many workers. 6. The establishment of the National Assembly by the Third Estate. 7. The invention of the steam engine and its impact on factories and transportation. 1. References: The Age of Imperialism (1870–1914) - Tamaqua Area School District. (n.d.). Retrieved July 8, 2022, from https://www.tamaqua.k12.pa.us/cms/lib07/PA01000119/Centricity/Domain/119/Th eAgeofImperialism.pdf History.com Editors. (2018, April 6). Social Darwinism. History.com. Retrieved July 8, 2022, from https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/social-darwinism#:~:text =Social%20Darwinists%20believe%20in%20%E2%80%9Csurvival,past%20cen tury%20and%20a%20half. Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2023, May 16). social Darwinism. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-Darwinism New Imperialism in Africa Cycle 8, Meeting 2 Poem analysis of the White Man’s Burden by Kipling Take up the White Man's burden - Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness On fluttered folk and wild - Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child. Poem analysis of the White Man’s Burden by Kipling Take up the White Man's burden - In patience to abide To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, A hundred times made plain, To seek another's profit, And work another's gain Poem analysis of the White Man’s Burden by Kipling Take up the White Man's burden - No tawdry rule of kings, But toil of serf and sweeper - The tale of common things. The ports ye shall not enter, The roads ye shall not tread, Go make them with your living, And mark them with your dead! Poem analysis of the White Man’s Burden by Kipling How are the African depicted in the poem? What is the Kipling poem saying about imperialism from his white European imperialist point of view? New Imperialism in Africa  Roots for Scramble for Africa In the 1870s Africans controlled 90 percent of Africa. Any areas that were controlled by European countries were on the coast. However, that began to change once missionaries, explorers, and traders reported on the interior of Africa and the riches of raw materials there. Europeans wanted these materials for their industries. Slowly, countries such as Great Britain, France, Spain, Germany, Belgium, and Italy began to claim land in Africa.  Establishing Imperialism: Suez Canal Britain purchased a controlling interest in the Suez Canal from the bankrupt ruler of Egypt who was unable to repay loans that he had contracted for the canal and modernization of the country. Britain established a protectorate over Egypt. The British occupation of Egypt, the richest and most developed land in Africa, set off “African fever” in Europe.  But why Africa?  The Berlin Conference 1884-1885 Established the principle that European occupation of African territory had to be based on effective occupation that was recognized by other states, and that no single European power could claim Africa to prevent international conflict. They agreed that any country could claim land if they notified other nations and showed they could control the area. Europeans divided the continent without considering the native groups. African rulers were not invited to attend the conference. How was Africa divided? The man is Nsala—he missed the Belgian authorities’ daily rubber quota. His 5yo daughter was cannibalized as punishment.  EFFECTS OF IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA "Positive" Results 🡪 Negative Results 1. Unified national states created 1. Encouraged tribal wars by creating artificial borders 2. Improved medical care, sanitation, 2. Created population explosion, and nutrition resulting to famine 3. Increased agricultural production 3. Produced cash crops needed by Europeans, and not food for Africans 4. Improved transportation and 4. Exploited natural resources communication facilities (minerals, lumber, rubber) and human rights 5. Expanded educational 5. Westernization downgraded opportunities traditional African culture Think about this: But who benefits more on these "Positive" results? Watch “South Africans Demands UK to return diamonds in King Charles crown jewels - King Charles coronation” https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=AvhqHoIJep0 References: The Age of Imperialism (1870–1914) - Tamaqua Area School District. (n.d.). Retrieved July 8, 2022, from https://www.tamaqua.k12.pa.us/cms/lib07/PA01000119/Centricity/Domain/119/Th eAgeofImperialism.pdf General Act of the Berlin Conference on West Africa, 26 February 1885- San Diego State University. (n.d.). Retrieved July 8, 2022, from https://loveman.sdsu.edu/docs/1885GeneralActBerlinConference.pdf