CompTech-111-Topic-No.1-OHS-Standards-and-Housekeeping.docx

CTu -- San Francisco Campus CompTech 111 -- Computer Electronics Topic No. 1 -- OHS Standards and Housekeeping **oCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (oHS) AND HOUSEKEEPING (/6s)**  Safety guidelines help protect individuals from accidents and injury and protect equipment from da...

CTu -- San Francisco Campus CompTech 111 -- Computer Electronics Topic No. 1 -- OHS Standards and Housekeeping **oCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (oHS) AND HOUSEKEEPING (/6s)**  Safety guidelines help protect individuals from accidents and injury and protect equipment from damage. Stay alert to situations that could result in injury or damage to equipment. Warning signs are designed to alert you to danger. Always watch for these signs and take the appropriate action according to the warning given. **OSH -- Occupational Safety and Health deceased** **Occupational safety and health (OSH),** also commonly referred to as **occupational health and safety (OHS),** occupational health, or occupational safety, is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at occupation As defined by the **World Health Organization (WHO)** \"occupational health deals with all aspects of health and safety in the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention of hazards. Health has been defined as \"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.\" Occupational health is a multidisciplinary field of healthcare concerned with enabling an individual to undertake their occupation, in the way that causes least harm to their health. **World Health Organization (WHO)** The **World Health Organization (WHO)** is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution, which establishes the agency\'s governing structure and principles, states its main objective as \"the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health\". It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with six semi-autonomous regional offices and 150 field offices worldwide. The WHO\'s broad mandate includes advocating for universal healthcare, monitoring public health risks, coordinating responses to health emergencies, and promoting human health and well-being. It provides technical assistance to countries, sets international health standards and guidelines, and collects data on global health issues through the World Health Survey. **ILO - International Labour Organization** The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice through setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and oldest specialized agency of the UN. It is devoted to promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labor rights, pursuing its founding mission that social justice is essential to universal and lasting peace. Only tripartite U.N. agency, the ILO brings together governments, employers and workers representatives of 187 member States , to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programs promoting decent work for all women and men. Today, the ILO\'s Decent Work agenda helps advance the economic and working conditions that give all workers, employers and governments a stake in lasting peace, prosperity and progress. **United Nations (UN)** The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the largest, most familiar, most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world. The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City, with its other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague. The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations. On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations. Pursuant to the Charter, the organization\'s objectives include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; with the addition of South Sudan in 2011, membership is now 193, representing almost all of the world\'s sovereign states. **Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - USA** The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor. Congress established the agency under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which President Richard M. Nixon signed into law on December 29, 1970. OSHA\'s mission is to \"assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance\". Most nations have rules designed to protect workers against hazardous conditions. In the United States, the organization in charge of worker safety and health is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The Occupational Safety and Health Act grants OSHA the authority to issue workplace health and safety regulations. These regulations include limits on hazardous chemical exposure, employee access to hazard information, requirements for the use of personal protective equipment, and requirements to prevent falls and hazards from operating dangerous equipment. **Occupational Safety and Health Center -- Philippines** Created by virtue of Executive Order No. 307, on November 4, 1987 by then President Corazon C. Aquino, the OSHC is envisioned as the national authority for research and training on matters pertaining to safety and health at work. It provides the expertise and intervention mechanism to improve workplace conditions in the Philippines. It has a dual mandate of protecting Filipino workers against accidents and illnesses and promoting workers\' welfare through effective programs that enhance productivity, workers well-being and afford social protection to its client sector. The Center adopts a multisectoral strategy with its partners \-- business, workers group, other Government and Non-Governmental Organizations and the Academe to fulfill its mandate. The OSHC is the front-runner of two much-awaited events on OSH. Held every two years, the Gawad Kaligtasan at Kasalusugan (GKK) and the National Occupational Safety and Health (NOSH) Congress serve as centerpiece programs on increasing awareness and strengthening commitment for safe and healthier workplaces nationwide. The services of the OSHC cover the preventive aspects of occupational safety and health both public and private workplaces. As the authority on OSH, the OSHC fulfills its mission through research, training, information dissemination, and technical services. The management is headed by the Executive Director who oversees the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of OSHC's operations. Programs are carried out through the following work centers: Office of the Executive Director (OED), Environment Control Division (ECD), Health Control Division (HCD), Safety Control Division (SCD), Training and Public Information Division (TPID), and the Finance and Administrative Division (FAD). **MANDATE** Legal Basis - Created by virtue of Executive Order No. 307, on November 1987 by then President Corazon C. Aquino **VISION** A healthy and well-protected working population in a caring and responsive work environment brought about by sound OSH policies and laws, research, training, information exchange, technical expertise and extensive networking. **MISSION** To develop effective, responsive, and sustainable OSH programs, policies and services; promote excellent management of resources and foster mutually beneficial linkages that will create a healthy and safe work environment for workers in all industries. **The Department of Labor and Employment** (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Paggawa at Empleyo, commonly abbreviated as DOLE) is one of the executive departments of the Philippine government mandated to formulate policies, implement programs and services, and serve as the policy-coordinating arm of the Executive Branch in the field of labor and employment. It is tasked with the enforcement of the provisions of the Labor Code. **VISION :** Every Filipino worker attains full, decent, and productive employment\". **MISSION:** To promote gainful employment opportunities, develop human resources, protect workers and promote their welfare, and maintain industrial peace. **LABORATORY STANDARDS** **Underwriters Laboratories (UL)** is an independent, nonprofit product safety testing and certification organization. UL has tested products for public safety for over a century. The UL focuses on safety standards, but has expanded its certification program to evaluate twisted-pair LAN cables for performance. This evaluation is based on IBM and TIA/EIA performance specifications, as well as NEC safety specifications. The UL also established a program to mark shielded and unshielded twisted-pair LAN cables. UL initially tests and evaluates samples of cable. After granting a UL listing, the organization conducts follow-up tests and inspections. This testing process makes the UL mark a valuable symbol to buyers. **National Fire Protection Association** **National Fire Protection Association** (NFPA) is a United States trade association, albeit with some international members, that creates and maintains private, copyrighted standards and codes for usage and adoption by local governments. This includes publications from model building codes to the many on equipment utilized by firefighters while engaging in hazardous material (hazmat) response, rescue response, and some firefighting. NFPA defines its mission as follows: \"We help save lives and reduce loss with information, knowledge and passion **National Electrical Code (NEC)** The purpose of the National Electrical Code (NEC) is to safeguard people and property from hazards that arise from the use of electricity. The **National Fire Protection Association** (NFPA) sponsors this code with support from ANSI. The code is revised every three years. Several organizations, including UL, have established standards for flame and smoke that apply to network cables in buildings. However, the NEC standards are more widely supported by local licensing and inspection officials. **The NEC Type Codes** NEC type codes are listed in catalogs of cables and supplies. These codes classify products for specific uses, Interior network cables are generally listed in the CM category for communications or MP for multipurpose **Type of Cables** **Type of Cable** **Description** ------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ **OFC (Fiber-Optic** Contains metal conductors, inserted for strength **OFN (Fiber-Optic)** Contains no metal **CMP (Communicate Plenum** Passed test showing a limited spread of flame and low production of smoke. Plenum cable is typically coated with a special jacket material such as Teflon. The letter P in this code defines a plenum as a channel or ductwork fabricated for handling air. **CMR (Communication Riser)** The letter R shows that the cable has passed similar but slightly different tests for the spread of flame and production of smoke. For example, riser cable is tested for its burning properties in a vertical position. According to the code you must use cable rated for riser service whenever a cable penetrates a floor and a ceiling. Riser cables typically have a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) outer jacket **SDS - MSDS** A safety data sheet (SDS), material safety data sheet (MSDS), or product safety data sheet (PSDS) is an important component of product stewardship, occupational safety and health, and spill-handling procedures. SDS formats can vary from source to source within a country depending on national requirements. SDSs are a widely used system for cataloging information on chemicals, chemical compounds, and chemical mixtures. **Safety Procedures** **Work Areas** Safe working conditions help to prevent injury to people and damage to computer equipment. A safe workspace is clean, organized, and properly lighted. Everyone must understand and follow safety procedures. Follow proper procedures for handling computer equipment to reduce the risk of personal injury, damage to property, and loss of data. Any damage or loss may result in claims for damage from the owner of the property and data. **Identify safety procedures and potential hazards for users and technicians** **General Safety Guidelines** Follow the basic safety guidelines to prevent **cuts, burns, electrical shock, and damage to eyesight**. As is best practice, make sure that a **fire extinguisher** and **first-aid kit** are available in case of fire or injury. - Before beginning work, learn the locations of all fire extinguishers in the area. A small fire can get out of control if unable locate an extinguisher quickly. - Always determine the local codes in advance. Some building codes may prohibit drilling or cutting holes in certain areas such as firewalls or ceilings. The site administrator or facility engineer will be able to help identify which areas are off limits. - When installing cable between floors, use a riser-rated cable. Riser cable is covered with flame retardant **fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)** jacket to prevent flames from reaching another floor through the cable. - Outdoor cables typically have a polyethylene jacket. **Polyethylene** burns readily and gives off dangerous gases. NEC codes state that polyethylene building entrance cables cannot be exposed more than 15 m (49.2 feet) into a building. If greater distances are required, the cable must be in metallic conduits. - The building maintenance engineer should be consulted to determine if there is asbestos, lead, or PCB in the work area. If so, follow all government regulations in dealing with hazardous materials. Do not risk personal health by working unprotected in these areas. - If cable must be routed through spaces where air is circulated, be sure to use a fire-rated, or plenum-rated, cable. The most common plenum cables are jacketed with Teflon or Halar. **Plenum grade cable** does not give off poisonous gases when it burns like regular cables, which have a **polyvinyl chloride** (**PVC**) jacket. **Rules should always be followed when working with cables:** - Make sure that the tools you are using are in good working order. - Watch what you are doing and take your time. Make sure that you do not cut yourself or place anyone in danger. - Always wear safety glasses when cutting, stripping, or splicing cables of any kind. Tiny fragments can injure your eyes. - Wear gloves whenever possible and make sure to dispose of any waste properly. - Use common sense when you take care of any problems. Call another person to help you if you need help. **Fire Safety Guidelines** Follow fire safety guidelines to protect lives, structures, and equipment. To avoid an electrical shock, and to prevent damage to the computer, turn off and unplug the computer before beginning a repair. Fire can spread rapidly and be very costly. Proper use of a fire extinguisher can prevent a small fire from getting out of control. When working with computer components, always consider the possibility of an accidental fire and know how to react. If there is a fire, you should follow these safety procedures: - Never fight a fire that is out of control or not contained. - Always have a planned fire escape route before beginning any work. - Get out of the building quickly. - Contact emergency services for help. **Using a fire extinguisher** Be sure to locate and read the instructions on the fire extinguishers in your workplace before you have to use them. Safety training may be available in your organization. In the United States, there are four classifications for fire extinguishers. A different letter, color, and shape identifies each fire extinguisher classification. Each type of fire extinguisher has specific chemicals to fight different types of fires: **Types of Fire Extinguishers:** **Class A -- Paper, wood, plastics, cardboard** **Class B -- Gasoline, kerosene, organic solvents** **Class C -- Electrical equipment** **Class D -- Combustible metals** Use the memory aid P-A-S-S to help you remember the basic rules of fire extinguisher operation: **P - Pull the pin.** **\ A - Aim at the base of the fire, not at the flames.** **\ S - Squeeze the lever.\ S - Sweep the nozzle from side to side.** **Cable, Cable Cutters, and Cable Cutting Safety Guidelines** Copper cables can also be dangerous to handle. When you cut copper cable, the small copper strands can puncture your skin or cut you. The small pieces that come off after cutting cables often fly into the air. Remember to always wear safety glasses when cutting any type of cable. The cutting and crimping tools used to repair or terminate copper cables can be dangerous if not used properly. Remember that copper cable conducts electricity. An equipment fault, static electricity, or lightning can energize even a disconnected cable. If in doubt, test the cable you are working on with a simple voltage detector before touching it. **Ladder Safety Guidelines** Ladders come in many sizes and shapes for specific tasks. They can be made of wood, aluminum, or fiberglass and designed for either light or industrial use. The two most common types are **straight ladders** and **stepladders.** Regardless of the type or construction, make sure the ladder is certified, and complies with ANSI specifications and UL standards. Select the right ladder for the job. The ladder should be long enough to work from comfortably and sturdy enough to withstand repeated use. **Fiberglass ladders** are most commonly used in cable installation. **Aluminum ladders** weigh less, but they are also less stable and should never be used around electricity. When working near electricity, fiberglass ladders should always use. Inspect the ladder first. Any ladder can develop a problem that makes it unsafe. Inspect ladders for loose or damaged rungs, steps, rails, or braces. Make sure that the spreaders on stepladders can be locked in place and that the ladder has safety feet. Safety feet provide extra stability and reduce the chances of the ladder slipping while working. Cordon off the work area with appropriate markers such as traffic cones or caution tape. Post signs so that people are aware of the ladder. Lock or block any nearby doors that may come in contact with the ladder. Always remember never use a defective ladder **Electrical Safety Guidelines** Cable installers should also learn about basic safety principles. These principles will be used every day on the job. Since there are many hazards involved in cable installation, the installer should be prepared for all situations to prevent accidents or injuries. Cable installers work with wiring designed for low-voltage systems. Most people would not notice the voltage applied to a data cable. However, the voltage of network devices that data cables plug into can range from 100 to 240 volts. If a circuit failure made the voltage accessible, it could cause a dangerous or fatal shock to the installer. Low-voltage installers must also consider the hazards of high-voltage wiring. **Lightning and high-voltage danger** High-voltage is not limited to power lines. **Lightning** is another source of high-voltage. Lightning can be fatal or damage network equipment. Therefore, it is important to prevent lightning from entering the network cabling. The following precautions should be taken to avoid personal injury and network damage from lightning and electrical shorts: - All outside wiring must be equipped with properly grounded and registered signal circuit protectors at the point where they enter the building, or the entrance point. These protectors must be installed in compliance with local telephone company requirements and applicable codes. Telephone wire pairs should not be used without authorization. If authorization is obtained, do not remove or modify telephone circuit protectors or grounding wires. - Never run wiring between structures without proper protection. In fact, protection from lighting effects is probably one of the biggest advantages of using fiber optics between buildings. - Avoid installing wires in or near damp locations. - Never install or connect copper wiring during electrical storms. Improperly protected copper wiring can carry a fatal lightning surge for many miles. **High-voltage safety test** **Voltage** is invisible. However, the effects of voltage are seen when equipment malfunctions or someone gets shocked. When working with anything that plugs into a wall for power, check for voltage on surfaces and devices before coming in contact with them. Use a known reliable voltage measurement device such as a **multimeter or voltage detector**. Take measurements immediately before work begins each day. Measure again after a break on any job. Recheck the measurements again when finished. Lightning and static electricity cannot be predicted. Never install or connect copper wiring during electrical storms. Copper wiring can carry a fatal lightning surge for many kilometers. This is important to consider for external wiring between buildings or underground wiring. All outside wiring should be equipped with properly grounded and approved signal circuit protectors. **Grounding** Grounding provides a direct path to the earth for voltage. Equipment designers isolate the circuits in equipment from the chassis. The chassis is the box where the circuits are mounted. Any voltage that leaks from the equipment to its chassis should not stay in the chassis. Grounding equipment conducts any stray voltage to the earth without harming the equipment. Without a proper path to ground, stray voltage may use a different path, such as a human body. **Grounding Electrode** The **grounding electrode *is the metal rod that is buried in the ground near the entrance point of the building. For*** years, cold water pipes that entered the building from underground water mains were considered good grounds. Large structural members, such as I-beams and girders, were also acceptable. Grounding conductors connect equipment to grounding electrodes. Be aware of the grounding system in the lab and on each job site. Verify that the grounding system works. Grounding is often installed incorrectly. Some installers take shortcuts to accomplish a technically adequate ground in a nonstandard way. Changes to other parts of the network or to the building may destroy or eliminate a nonstandard ground system. This would leave the equipment and people at risk.  **Bonding** Bonding allows various wiring fixtures to interconnect with the grounding system. Bonding is an extension of ground wiring. A device such as a switch or router may have a bonding strap between its case and a ground circuit to ensure a good connection. Properly installed bonding and grounding will accomplish the following: - Minimize electrical surge or spike effects - Maintain the integrity of the electrical grounding plant - Provide a safer and more effective path to ground - Entrance facilities - Equipment rooms - Telecommunications rooms **Protect Equipment from Damage and Data Loss** Electrostatic discharge (ESD), harsh climates, and poor-quality sources of electricity can cause damage to computer equipment. Follow proper handling guidelines, be aware of environmental issues, and use equipment that stabilizes power to prevent equipment damage and data loss. **ESD (Static electricity)** is the buildup of an electric charge resting on a surface. This buildup may zap a component and cause damage. This is known as electrostatic discharge (ESD). ESD can be destructive to the electronics in a computer system. At least 3,000 volts of static electricity must build up before a person can feel ESD. For example, static electricity can build up on you as they walk across a carpeted floor. When you touch another person, you both receive a shock. If the discharge causes pain or makes a noise, the charge was probably above 10,000 volts. By comparison, less than 30 volts of static electricity can damage a computer component. ESD can cause permanent damage to electrical components. Follow these recommendations to help prevent ESD damage: - Keep all components in antistatic bags until you are ready to install them. - Use grounded mats on workbenches. - Use grounded floor mats in work areas. - Use antistatic wrist straps when working on computers. Climate affects computer equipment in a variety of ways: - If the environment temperature is too high, equipment can overheat. - If the humidity level is too low, the chance of ESD increases. - If the humidity level is too high, equipment can suffer from moisture damage. **Power Fluctuation Types\ Voltage** is the force that moves electrons through a circuit. The movement of electrons is called current. Computer circuits need voltage and current to operate electronic components. When the voltage in a computer is not accurate or steady, computer components may not operate correctly. Unsteady voltages are called power fluctuations. The following types of AC power fluctuations can cause data loss or hardware failure: - **Blackout** -- complete loss of AC power. A blown fuse, damaged transformer, or downed power line can cause a blackout. - **Brownout** -- reduced voltage level of AC power that lasts for a period of time. Brownouts occur when the power line voltage drops below 80% of the normal voltage level. Overloading electrical circuits can cause a brownout. - **Noise** -- interference from generators and lightning. Noise results in unclean power, which can cause errors in a computer system. - **Spike** -- sudden increase in voltage that lasts for a very short period and exceeds 100% of the normal voltage on a line. Spikes can be caused by lightning strikes, but can also occur when the electrical system comes back on after a blackout. - **Power surge** -- dramatic increase in voltage above the normal flow of electrical current. A power surge lasts for a few nanoseconds, or one-billionth of a second. **Power Protection Devices\ **To help shield against power fluctuation issues, use protection devices to protect the data and computer equipment: - **Surge Suppressor** -- helps protect against damage from surges and spikes. A surge suppressor diverts extra electrical voltage on the line to the ground. - **Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)** -- helps protect against potential electrical power problems by supplying electrical power to a computer or other device. The battery is constantly recharging while the UPS is in use. The UPS is able to supply a consistent quality of power when brownouts and blackouts occur. - **Standby Power Supply (SPS) -- helps protect against potential electrical power problems by providing a backup battery to supply** power when the incoming voltage drops below the normal level. The battery is on standby during the normal operation. When the voltage decreases, the battery provides DC power to a power inverter, which converts it to AC power for the computer. This device is not as reliable as a UPS because of the time it takes to switch over to the battery. If the switching device fails, the battery will not be able to supply power to the computer. **OSHC promotes the used of PPE at workplaces** **Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)** One aspect of work safety is wearing the proper work attire. Protective clothing or gear can prevent an injury or make it less severe. When working with power tools, it is important to protect eyes from flying debris and ears from deafening noises. If goggles and earplugs are not used, eyesight or hearing could be damaged permanently. Installing network cables, whether copper or fiber optic, can be dangerous. Often, cables must be pulled through ceilings and walls where there are obstacles and unexpected or toxic materials. You should wear clothing that protects you from these materials. For example, wear long pants, long-sleeved shirts, sturdy shoes that cover your feet, and gloves to protect the whole body. **COMMON EXAMPLES OF PPE**  - Long trousers and sleeves help protect the arms and legs from cuts, scratches, and other hazards. Avoid wearing excessively loose or baggy clothing because it may catch on a protruding object or get caught in power tools. - Wear sturdy, fully enclosed, and appropriate shoes for the job. They should protect the soles of the feet from sharp objects on the floor. Thick-soled shoes are best when working around nails, scrap metal, and other materials. - Steel-toed shoes can protect toes from falling objects. Soles should also have traction to prevent slipping. - Safety glasses should be worn when cutting, drilling, sawing, or working in a crawl space. When materials are cut, prepped, and discarded during cable termination processes, small particles may become airborne. When working with fiber optics, the glass fibers, adhesives, and solvents can come in contact with the eyes. - Eye protection should be worn in all labs. Before starting any lab exercise, review the safety instructions and safety equipment needed. - Hard hats may be required at job sites, especially those involving construction. Hard hats may display company colors or logos to identify the wearer as belonging to a certain organization. If purchasing a hard hat for personal use, do not decorate it without permission from the employer. - Hand Gloves must be required at all handmade shop work as possible to protects workers from hand damages specially when working with electricity, chemical and hazardous substances. **HOUSEKEEPING -- 5S / 6S** **LABORATORY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES -- (6S & CANDO)** **6S Methodical Management** One of the most powerful Lean Manufacturing Tools and a cornerstone of any successful implementation is that of 6S (Japanese terms) Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu and Shitsuke and Safety -- (Anze or Anzen-sei). 6S is a simple tool for organizing your workplace in a clean, efficient and safe manner to enhance your productivity, visual management and to ensure the introduction of standardized working. **These six (6) distinct phases are (with English descriptions)** The phases of 6 S in English and Japanese - **[Seiri](http://leanmanufacturingtools.org/198/lean-5s-seiri-sort-clearing-classify/), or in English; Sort, Clearing, Classify**.  In this stage we remove all clutter and unwanted items leaving only the tools, equipment, components, and machines that are required on a daily basis. - **[Seiton](http://leanmanufacturingtools.org/200/lean-5s-seiton-straighten-simplify-set-in-order-configure/), or in English; Straighten, Simplify, Set in order, Configure**. This stage is where we organize all of the remaining items; using ergonomic principles to locate items where they minimize movement and reduce stress. We also ensure that items are clearly identified and have a clearly identified home -- "A place for everything, and everything in its place." - **[Seiso](http://leanmanufacturingtools.org/202/lean-5s-seiso-sweep-shine-clean-and-check/), or in English; Sweep, shine, Scrub, Clean and Check**. This is the cleaning and painting of the area to bring it to a "new" standard. The reason for this is not just to make the area look pretty but to ensure that things like leaks and other issues stand out against the otherwise clean area. - **[Seiketsu](http://leanmanufacturingtools.org/204/lean-5s-seiketsu-standardise-conformity/), or in English; Standardize, stabilize, Conformity**. During this phase of 6S we standardize the previous stages of the implementation by ensuring common color codes and ways of working. Seiketsu is the fourth step of the 5S method. It means \"standardized cleanup\". It derives from the one-time Seiso step which made the factory \"shiny clean\" and set the standard for cleanliness. - **[Shitsuke](http://leanmanufacturingtools.org/206/lean-5s-shitsuke-sustain-custom-and-practice/), or in English; Sustain, self-discipline, custom and practice**. This is where we try to make the process part of the culture of the company to ensure the ongoing implementation and improvement of this initiative. It is the most important concept of 5S/6S from the point of view of long-term productivity management. If you failed in achieving shitsuke, you 5S/6S can be only short lived. - **The 6th "S"; Safety (Anzensei),** we now concentrate on safety aspects of our initiative, reviewing every action and each area to ensure that we have not overlooked any potential hazards. Safety was added to maintain safe and secure working environment both workers, materials and workplace as "safety first, last and always". **CANDO** Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 -- April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist, business magnate, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production. By creating the first automobile that middle-class Americans could afford, he converted the automobile from an expensive luxury into an accessible conveyance that profoundly impacted the landscape of the 20th century.  Ford\'s CANDO Lean\'s 5S --------------------- ----------------- Cleaning Up Sort Arranging Straighten Neatness Sweep Discipline Standardize Ongoing Improvement Self-Discipline  **Henry Ford -- CANDO** Henry Ford's CANDO is the same concept with 5S/ 6'S. Ford made significant contributions to lean thinking, and paved the way fifty years before Lean was born. An important Ford principle is CANDO, invented probably before 1920, is an acronym for five steps: Cleaning up, Arranging, Neatness, Discipline and Ongoing improvement. Coming from an industrialist CANDO is simple to follow, crisp and practical. *Adapted and Compiled from:* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World\_Health\_Organization https://oshc.dole.gov.ph/about-us/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International\_Labour\_Organization https://www.un.org/en/sections/what-we-do/index.html http://leanmanufacturingtools.org/210/lean-6s-5s-safety https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry\_Ford http://www.projectmanagement.com/blog/Agility-and-Project-Leadership/7424/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZnDAt6K\_ks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT2zSMnWozU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGoP41DhH3A