Components-of-a-computer-system.pptx

COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM Marife D. Tibule, MIT, JD HARDWARE Physical Equipment associated with a computer system. This is the tangible components of the computer system 0 Parts of a Computer 2  Monitor System Unit Mouse...

COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM Marife D. Tibule, MIT, JD HARDWARE Physical Equipment associated with a computer system. This is the tangible components of the computer system 0 Parts of a Computer 2  Monitor System Unit Mouse Keyboard 7 essential parts of a System Unit Simple Complex -Plastic box -Stores everything -Plugs into Outlet -Regulates Power -Circuit Board. -Communicates between Components. CPU RAM HD GPU Central Processing Random D Disk Hard Graphics Processing Access Drive Unit Unit Memory Processor Memory Storage -Does Things -“Brain of the Computer” - Data/Files Stored - Small - Run Storage MoreSpace - Fast Access Programs - Data/Files Stored - Large -Storage Have Space More - Slow Programs/files Access installed -Stand alone Computer -What Does it look like?  INPUT DEVICES Any hardware component that allows the user to enter data, execute commands and user responses into the computer. Basically, input devices are used for data entry. Input Devices Examples of input Devices are: Keyboard Mouse Joystick The set of Invented by A device consisting Douglas of a handheld stick typewriter keys Engelbert of that pivots about that enables you Stanford one end and to enter data in Research Center transmits its angle a computer. in 1963, and in two dimensions pioneered by to a computer. It Zerox in 1970s, often used to the mouse is a control games, and device that controls the usually have one movement of the or more push- cursor or pointer buttons whose on a display state can also be screen. read by the computer. Input Devices Examples of input Devices are: Light Pen Microphone Digital camera A small, takes pictures photosensitive allows the device connected computer to without film to a computer receive and and stores and moved by record sound. your snapshots hand over an Necessary for output display in as digital files order to voice recognition in its memory. manipulate software and Later, you can information in the any software computer. Used that needs to transfer your in Personal Digital record sound. picture files to Assistant and your PC Smart Board. through cable. Input Devices Examples of input Devices are: Barcode reader Webcam An optical A digital camera scanning device capable of that reads texts capturing images which have been to a computer for converted into a transmission over special bar code the Internet or or zebra stripes. other network. Input Devices Examples of input Devices are: Drawing Tablet Scanner is similar to a white An input device that board, except you use takes in an optical a special pen to write image and digitizes it on it and it's into an electronic connected to the image. This can be computer. Then the used to create a word or image you computerized version draw can be saved on of a photo or the computer. illustration. 4 KINDS OF SCANNERS  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Flatbed A scanner that provides a flat, glass surface to hold pages of paper, books and other objects for scanning. The scan head is moved under the glass across the page. 39  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Sheet-Fed A scanner that allows only paper to be scanned rather than books or other thick objects. It moves the paper across a stationary scan head. 40  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Handheld A scanner that is moved across the image to be scanned by hand. Handheld scanners are small and less expensive than their desktop counterparts, but rely on the dexterity of the user to move the unit across the paper. 41  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Drum A type of scanner used to capture the highest resolution from an image. Photographs and transparencies are taped, clamped or fitted into a clear cylinder. A light source that focuses on one pixel is beamed onto the drum and moves down the drum a line at a time. 42  OUTPUT Any hardware component that presents, displays, alters, or record output after it has left a computer’s system unit. Output Devices Examples of input Devices are: Monitor Speakers Printer create images It is the most are used to on paper, popular It produce plastic, cloth receive signals sounds, listen and other from video to music, play print media card inside of music and using the computer watch movies. technologies like ink and gives the transfer, heat user a transfer, graphical or chemical textual display. reactions and physical force. TYPES OF PRINTERS  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Laser Uses toner and internal laser to print 46  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Inkjet or Bubble Jet uses ink to print. Usually available in color. 47  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Dot-Matrix Printer creates characters by striking pins against an ink ribbon. Each pin makes a dot, and combinations of dots form characters and illustrations. 48  STORAGE these are important for keeping a document for later retrieval and use. Storage Devices Classification Primary Storage Examples is the main memory. In this ROM (Read Only Memory) memory, the data used from is a permanent memory. processing and the programs to The instructions stored can be read are stored. be changed and will not get lost even if the power is switched off. RAM (Random Access Memory) is a temporary memory. The information stored in it will get lost once the computer is switched off or the power is cut off. Storage Devices Classification Primary Storage Examples is the main memory. In this Hard Disk memory, the data used from it is a magnetic disk in the processing and the programs to system unit of a personal computer and is an external hard be read are stored. disk device. CD-ROM is an optical disk format used to hold texts, graphics and sounds that are pre-recorded. It is small, flat metal-coated plastic disc, about 4.75 inches in diameter. It stores information by using a laser which creates pits on disc, and is read by using another laser to read the light reflected from the pins. Storage Devices Classification Examples Secondary Storage Hard Disk- it is a magnetic disk in the also called an external memory system unit of a personal computer and is an external hard disk device. CD-ROM- is an optical disk format used to hold texts, graphics and sounds that are pre-recorded. It is small, flat metal-coated plastic disc, about 4.75 inches in diameter. It stores information by using a laser which creates pits on disc, and is read by using another laser to read the light reflected from the pins. Flash Drives – is a type of compact USB memory drive that acts like a portable hard drive, letting you to store and transport COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM UNIT  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Main Circuit Board central nervous system. Also called motherboard. 54  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Port is a connection from the main circuit board to a peripheral device such as keyboard, printer or a video monitor by means of a special cable. Also called interface. 55  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Expansion Slots they are used to connect expansion cards to the main circuit board. An expansion card is a printed circuit card with circuitry that gives the computer additional capabilities. 56  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the computer’s processing, control and internal storage circuitry. 57  SOFTWARE is the programs and data that a computer uses. The software provides the commands that tell the hardware what task to perform, what to read and write, how to send the end result to a monitor and/or printer.  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Applicatio n Software these are programs that people use to get their work done. 59 Application Software Examples of Application Software are: Word Processor Spreadsheet Graphics and is a computer Presents business Presentation application used data in a grid of is a computer for the production rows and columns. software package (including Example: MS-Excel used to display composition, information, editing, formatting, normally in the and possibly form of a slide printing) of any show. sort of printable Example: MS- material. PowerPoint Examples: MS- Word, MS- Publisher, PageMaker Application Software Examples of Application Software are: Database Games Internet Browser Software involves a software application that a software that interaction with a enables a user to helps a user user interface to display and interact organize data in a generate visual with text, images, way that allows feedback on a and other video device. information typically fast and easy located on a Web access to the data. Example: Mario, page at a website Examples: MS- Solitaire, FreeCell, on the World Wide Access, Oracle, Minesweeper, Web or a local area DOTA (Defense of network. MySQL Example: Internet the ancient) Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera Mini, Google Chrome  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS System Software The system software includes all programs used to operate and maintain the computer system. It controls all input/output functions and coordinates the flow of operations during processing. 62 System Software Examples of System Software are: Operating System Programming a set of computer Languages programs that A software used to manage the write or create other hardware and programs or software resources software. of a computer. Example: FORTRAN Example: DOS, (Formula Translator), Windows, Linux, COBOL, Pascal, C/C+ Mac +, Java, Visual Basic  COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS Utility Software (also known as service program, service routine, tool, or utility routine) It is specifically designed to help manage and tune the computer hardware, operating system or application software, and perform a single task or a small range of tasks. 64  PEOPLEWARE are the users of the computer, they may be the system analysts, programmers, Web Developer, students, administrators, encoders or just a common personnel who in a way works with the computer  66 COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS PRESENTATIO N END Marife D. Tibule, MIT, JD