Introduction to Computer Components PDF
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This document provides an introduction to computer components, covering topics such as input devices, output devices, storage devices, and internal components. It outlines the functions of various parts and explains how they work together.
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1. What is Computer: Computer is an electronic device that is designed to work with Information. The term computer is derived from the Latin term ‘computer’, this means to calculate or programmable machine. Today's computers are electronic devices that accept data (input), process that da...
1. What is Computer: Computer is an electronic device that is designed to work with Information. The term computer is derived from the Latin term ‘computer’, this means to calculate or programmable machine. Today's computers are electronic devices that accept data (input), process that data, produce output, and store (storage) the results (IPOS). A computer is a programmable device that stores, retrieves, and processes data. The first digital computer and what most people think of as a computer was called the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). It was built during World War II (1943-1946) and was designed to help automate the calculations being done by human computers. By doing these calculations on a computer, they could achieve results much faster and with fewer errors. Early computers like the ENIAC used vacuum tubes and were large (sometimes room size) and only found in businesses, universities, or governments. Later, computers began utilizing transistors and smaller and cheaper parts that allowed the ordinary person to own a computer. 2. Important of External parts of Computer 3. Important of Internal parts of Computer 3.1 Motherboard (with onboard video) - Component that connects all components internal and external. 3.2 A Central Processing Unit (CPU) - Component that executes instructions from the software and hardware. 3.3 Random Access Memory (RAM) - Temporary primary storage for data traveling between the storage and CPU. (Cache memory in CPUs) Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) Main Memory in Computer 3.4 Storage device (e.g.) hard drive) - Slower secondary storage that permanently stores data. Solid State Drive (SSD) or Hard Disk Drive (HDD) 3.5 A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), also known as a video card The graphics processing unit (GPU) in your device helps handle graphics-related work like graphics, effects, Quality, Image videos, Text Design. Learn about the different types of GPUs and find the one that meets your needs. Motherboard Central Processing Unit Random Access Memory (CPU) (RAM) A Graphics Processing Unit GPU HDD and SSD 2. Type of Storage Device 2.1 Primary storage includes both volatile primary memory, such as RAM and DRAM, and non-volatile storage media, such as storage-class memory, hybrid storage arrays, all-flash arrays (AFAs), and storage area networks (SANs). 3. Secondary Storage Secondary storage devices are used as a means for users to permanently store data separate from the computer system itself Primary Storage Secondary Storage Main Memory or Internal Auxiliary Memory, Memory External Memory, or Ram, ROM, Cache, PROM, Secondary Memory EPROM Temporarily Stores Data While HDD CD, DVD, Floppy in Use Disks, Flash Drives Permanently Stores Data 4. Introduction to Peripheral devices Peripherals devices are device that include components connected to the system unit These includes:- 4.1 Input devices 4.2 Output devices 4.3 Secondary storage devices 4.4 Input device: any device used to enter information in to the computer 5. THE KEYBOARD: Is an input device with button or keys that a user presses to enter data. 4.1 A mouse is a small input device used to interact with a computer. It typically has two buttons (left and right) and a scroll wheel, and it detects movement to control the cursor on the screen. Buttons 4.1.1 Left Button: The primary button on the mouse, used for most operations like selecting items, dragging objects, or executing commands. In most operating systems, it is used for "clicking" or "double-clicking." 4.1.2 Right Button: Used to access context-sensitive menus (also called "right-click" menus). It allows for secondary actions like copying, pasting, or accessing settings. 4.1.3 Middle Button (Scroll Wheel): Often used for scrolling up or down through documents or web pages. 4.2 DigitalCamera/Web Camera a. Image can be input in to a computer using a digital/web camera. b. The digital camera takes a still photo graph, stores it and then send it as digital input into the computer 4.3 Scanner: it is used to import pictures, photos or any important hardcopy to the computer 5. OUTPUT DEVICE: any device used to display information from the computer, once the CPU has executed the program instruction; the program may request that information be communicated to an output device. Monitor Printer Speaker Plotter Headphone Projector GPS Sound Card Video Card Speech Synthesizer 5.1 MONITOR/VIDEO DISPLAY UNITS The video display monitor or screen attached to the computer gives you feedback while you are typing characters from keyboard. The display screen can be used to display both text (alphanumeric & graphics). 5.2 LCD Project LCD Project use as an out device for displaying the computer output in large screen, this device manly used in conference and class room for displaying for large number of attendant. 5.3 PRINTER: is one of the output devices that used to produce a paper copy.