Diseases of the Muscular, Respiratory, Circulatory and Digestive Systems PDF

Ailments of the Muscular System Ailments of the Muscular System Muscle Strain This is caused by overstretching or tearing of a muscle. Pulled hamstring- tear or strain of one of the muscles or tendons. Cramp- sudden involuntary contraction of muscles. Ailments of the M...

Ailments of the Muscular System Ailments of the Muscular System Muscle Strain This is caused by overstretching or tearing of a muscle. Pulled hamstring- tear or strain of one of the muscles or tendons. Cramp- sudden involuntary contraction of muscles. Ailments of the Muscular System Tetanus This is caused by bacterium Clostridium tetani. It affects the nerves causing muscles to tighten. A person can be infected through cuts or wounds. This can be prevented by tetanus vaccines. Ailments of the Muscular System Muscular dystrophy Genetic abnormality that weakens the muscles. Characterized by muscle deterioration and weakness People inflicted with this disorder lose their ability to move.  Common ailments of the The body is protected Integumentar y System by the skin from Skin conditions, however, could result various factors, from exposure to these variables. Here including heat, are some of the common ailments of irritation, pressure, the skin. dirt, and microbes. PIMPLE WHAT CAUSES THIS? WHAT ARE THESE During puberty, the oil This refers to the glands are hyperactive. inflammation of an oil Because of this, sebum gland. The inflammation or oil is produced in causes the emergence of excess. Then, as bacteria bumps. These bumps build-up, pore blockage may manifest as pimples, occurs. The swelling and blackheads, or redness are caused by whiteheads. bacteria growing within the pores.  BOIL or FURUNCLE WHAT ARE THESE WHAT CAUSES THIS? This infection is brought on by the bacteria This is characterized by Staphylococcus aureus in hard, painful, and the sweat gland or hair reddish lump. It begins follicle. The bacteria to turn white or yellow migrate down the hair to after four to seven days the follicle after entering as pus gathers beneath the body through minute the skin. skin tears or breaks. ATHLETE'S FOOT WHAT CAUSES THIS? WHAT ARE THESE This is caused by the This foot disease is fungus, Trichophyton, characterized by having which is frequently found scaly and red skin on on clothing and floors. some areas of the foot. This can be contracted The rashes caused by by using an infected this disease are irritating person's towels, socks, and itchy. or shoes, or by walking barefoot on contaminated surfaces. TINEA VERSICOLOR (AN- AN) WHAT ARE THESE WHAT CAUSES THIS? This fungal infection is This skin condition is brought on by yeast. characterized by Rashes appear on the discoloration. This fungal skin as a result of the infection interferes with yeast overgrowth. The the skin pigmentation, acidic bleach produced causing numerous, small by the yeast causes the discolored patches on the affected area to become skin. discolored BURN WHAT CAUSES THIS? WHAT ARE THESE This may be brought on This refers to the skin by any of the following: lesions that may range heat from first-degree burns chemicals which cause minor harm, electricity to third-degree burns exposure to the sun. which can cause significant damage. MELANOMA WHAT CAUSES THIS? WHAT ARE THESE Normal skin is destroyed This is a type of skin by too much UV radiation cancer that develops in from the sun, which the melanocytes of the causes skin cells to epidermis. It normally rapidly divide, occurs when there has proliferate, and damage been excessive sun the tissues nearby. exposure. COMMON AILMENTS AND DISORDERS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DIARRHEA characterized by frequent bowel movements and loose, watery stools. This results from a virus or a bacterium causing colon infections and limiting water absorption. Dehydration may occur if diarrhea is prolonged CONSTIPATION characterized by a compact, dry, and hard stool. This condition's slow muscle contraction confines the feces in the large intestine. As a result, water is absorbed while feces are left, resulting in their hardness and dryness. Constipated people have a hard time going to the bathroom. It is brought on by a diet lacking fiber. GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISORDER (GERD) happens when stomach acid rushes back to the esophagus. This occurs when the esophageal muscle valve malfunctions or opens at an inappropriate time. As a result, the lining of the esophagus becomes irritated by the acid GALLSTONES lumps or stones that accumulate in the gallbladder. Bile pigments and hardened cholesterol form these stones. Upper abdominal and back pain from gallstones might continue for several hours. Gallstones are eliminated surgically COLORECTAL CANCER occurs when tumors form in the lining of the large intestine Diseases of the Respiratory System  Asthma This is a condition in which a person has difficulty breathing due to the narrowing and swelling of the airways. The muscles surrounding the airways tighten, preventing airflow. Allergies caused by dust, fumes, pollen, and other air Pneumonia This is a bacterial and viral infection of the lungs. The infection causes the alveoli in the lungs to become inflamed and filled with fluid. It is a very serious medical condition that, if not treated immediately, can result in death. Emphysema This causes damage to the lungs' air sacs or alveoli. In the infected individual, the air sacs' inner walls rupture, resulting in one large space. The most common cause of emphysema is smoking.  The Circulatory System DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATOR Y SYSTEM Diseases of the Circulatory System HEART ATTACK Occurs when not enough blood reaches your heart Can happen due to artery blockage Heart attacks damage the heart muscle and are medical emergencies. Diseases of the Circulatory System STROKE Often occur when a blood clot blocks an artery in the brain and reduces the blood supply Can happen when a blood vessel in the brain breaks open Blood and oxygen is prevented from reaching the brain. As a result, parts of the brain are likely to be damaged. Diseases of the Circulatory System HYPERTENSION Refers to the state of having high blood pressure In high blood pressures, the force is higher than it should be. High blood pressure can damage your heart and lead to heart disease, stroke, or kidney disease.