Communication.pptx

COMMUNICATI ON SKILLS Definition of Communication Communication is “an interaction between 2 or more persons that involves the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver” (p. 23). It involves the expression of emotions, ideas, and thoughts through verbal and non-verbal signals. Key Term...

COMMUNICATI ON SKILLS Definition of Communication Communication is “an interaction between 2 or more persons that involves the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver” (p. 23). It involves the expression of emotions, ideas, and thoughts through verbal and non-verbal signals. Key Terms Active listening Cadence ( Rate or pace Clarifying Comforting De-escalation Empathy Interviewing Orientation phase Paraphrasing Reflecting Restating Summarizing Termination phase Therapeutic silence Working phase Communication is a two-way process Message Sender Receiver Therapeutic Communication An application of the process of communication to promote the well-being of the client. Verbal Communication Includes spoken and written word Tone Volume Cadence Cultural differences Jargon Slang Continued… Cognitive impairments Visual impairments Developmental stage Nonverbal Communication All behaviors that express messages without the use of words Body movement Physical appearance Personal space Touch Body language Should be consistent with spoken word Cultural considerations Key Components of Effective Communication Self-awareness Empathy Genuineness Respect for the client Establishing the NurseClient Relationship Goal is to encourage wellness and personal growth Do not share intimate details Personal self-disclosure may be used to assist in education, building trust, and increasing self-sufficiency Essential Skills Active listening Clarifying Paraphrasing Reflecting Comforting Focusing Restating Summarizing Genuineness Informing Suggesting Therapeutic silence Open-ended statements and questions Interviewing Barriers to Effective Communication Offering your opinion Giving false reassurance Defensiveness Showing approval or disapproval Stereotyping “Why” Phases Orientation Working Termination Orientation Phase Learn about the client and any concerns or needs Roles are defined Collect information Establish goals Clarify misunderstandings Establish rapport Working Phase Client and nurse are ready to work toward reaching set goals Client anxiety is reduced by the nurse’s nonjudgmental, supportive approach Client can respond and participate in the plan of care can Termination Phase Examine and evaluate the relationship Review goals and results Say good-bye Essential and Influencing Variables The culture, experience, coping ability, and psychopathology of the client combined with the culture, experience, knowledge of psychopathology, and guidance skills of the nurse influence all communication, verbal and nonverbal, between the two. The Anxious Client Anxiety can be the result of many different factors Can interfere with communication Can interfere with care and treatment Extreme anxiety can interfere with comprehension, attention, and problemsolving skills Anxiety is contagious! Stages of Anxiety MILD Increased auditory and visual perception Increased awareness of relationships Increased alertness Able to problem solve MODERATE Selective inattention Decreased perceptual field Focus only on relevant information Muscle tension; diaphoresis Continued… SEVERE Focus on fragmented details Headache, nausea, dizziness Unable to see connections between details Poor recall PANIC Does not notice surroundings Feeling of terror Unable to cope with any problem Interventions Recognize your anxiety level Be aware of nonverbal cues and body language Decrease the environmental stimuli Provide brief, simple instructions Use active listening skills Assist the client with effective coping mechanisms The Angry Client Anger is a common underlying factor associated with violent potential May be related to the past or current situation Nurse is often the target of anger because of frequent contact with the client Dealing with an angry client is very stressful for the nurse and may fail to meet the needs of other clients Interventions De-escalation—a communication strategy involving the reduction of anxious and/or agitated behaviors exhibited verbally or nonverbally by a client; using a calm yet firm approach to diffuse the client’s state, minimizing potentially violent outbursts Maintain an open exit Use slow and deliberate gestures Decrease environmental stimuli Continued… Set limits to provide structure Maintain personal space Maintain a non-threatening position with a body stance The Depressed Client Depression—a common condition that affects a person’s ability to function in day-to-day activities Symptoms include apathy, sadness, fatigue, guilt, poor concentration, sleep disturbances, and suicidal thoughts Subjective and objective behaviors Low self-esteem Interventions Accept client as they are Be honest and empathic Use appropriate nonverbal behaviors Use open-ended questions Reward decision making and independent actions Provide comfort measures Spend time with the client References Perry, A., & Potter, P. Clinical nursing skills & techniques, ed 6, Missouri, 2006, Mosby.