CM4203 Week 02 Lecture 01 PDF

CM4203 Wk. 02 Lec.01 Mass Media Theories: Self-Disclosure: The choice an individual makes on how much to disclose to other and the way he or she chooses to disclose. Social Cognitive Theory: Acquisition of knowledge and development of behaviours from observation. Cultivation Theory: Individuals...

CM4203 Wk. 02 Lec.01 Mass Media Theories: Self-Disclosure: The choice an individual makes on how much to disclose to other and the way he or she chooses to disclose. Social Cognitive Theory: Acquisition of knowledge and development of behaviours from observation. Cultivation Theory: Individuals receiving most of their information from mediated sources rather than through direct experience. Agenda-Setting Theory: Theory that explores how the mass media sets the agenda for what people should care about Uses and Gratifications Theory: A theory that explores how individuals seek media outlets that satisfy personal needs Social Comparison Theory: Theory that explores how we use media to create benchmarks in comparing our lives to others Perception: The process of selecting, organising, and interpreting information. Perceptual Differences: Physiological (height, weight, alertness)/ Psychological (emotions, attitudes, mood) Social (gender, status) / Cultural (ethnic background, cultural norms) Experiential (past events, false memories) The Perceptual Process 1. Select Info: Things that stimulate and satisfy your needs/expectations. 2. Organise it in terms of proximity, similarity and difference 3. Interpret Info: Assigning meaning to experience. Schemata: stored, related information that we use to interpret new experiences. Perceptual Errors: Misjudgements an individual makes about people, situations, or important topics. Halo Effect: The tendency for an impression created in one instance to influence opinion in another instance. Recency: The tendency for the most recent information to dominate perceptions. The opposite is the primacy effect. First Impressions can be another error.  Stereotyping: The tendency for people to apply generalizations to an individual member of a group based on their assumptions and beliefs about a group of people. Attribution Theory: Theory in which individuals base their interpretation of other’s behaviour on the way they think or behave. o Internal Attribution: Also known as dispositional attribution, the behaviour as being caused by something inside the person. o External Attribution: Also known as situational attribution, the cause of the behaviour stemming from the situation, not the person. o Stable Attribution: Inference of a behaviour that is due to unchanging, permanent factors. o Unstable Attribution: Inference of a behaviour that is due to unstable, temporary factors. o Fundamental Attribution Error: The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behaviour of others. o Actor-Observer Difference: An individual (actor) relying on external factors to explain his or her own actions, which likely differs from the perspective of others (observers). Self-Serving Bias: Selective Perception: The tendency to filter what you see and hear to suit your own needs. Perceptual Defence. Self-Concept: The way an individual views herself or himself based on the context or situation. Self-Esteem: The perception of oneself and others contextually based on confidence and abilities. Self-Image: An individual's subjective perception of oneself. Reflected Appraisals: The way an individual perceives herself or himself based on how others see her or him. Self-Discrepancy Theory: The beliefs about and expectations for actual and potential selves that do not always match up to what individuals experience. Actual Self: The attributes that an individual or someone else believes the individual possess. Ideal Self: The attributes an individual or someone else would like the individual to have. Ought Self: The attributes an individual or someone else believes the individual should possess. References: Notes based on CM4203 Lecture Slides and Connect Master: The Basic Course in Communication readings associated with them.