Podcast
Questions and Answers
What describes the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external factors while attributing others' behavior to internal factors?
What describes the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external factors while attributing others' behavior to internal factors?
- Actor-Observer Difference (correct)
- Fundamental Attribution Error
- Unstable Attribution
- Self-Serving Bias
Which concept explains the discrepancy between the attributes a person believes they possess and those they strive to achieve?
Which concept explains the discrepancy between the attributes a person believes they possess and those they strive to achieve?
- Ideal Self
- Actual Self
- Self-Discrepancy Theory (correct)
- Ought Self
Which term refers to the way individuals perceive themselves based on the perceptions of others?
Which term refers to the way individuals perceive themselves based on the perceptions of others?
- Self-Image
- Self-Esteem
- Self-Concept
- Reflected Appraisals (correct)
What bias is characterized by the tendency to filter information to meet personal needs and enhance self-image?
What bias is characterized by the tendency to filter information to meet personal needs and enhance self-image?
Which of the following best describes the attributes a person believes they should possess according to societal expectations?
Which of the following best describes the attributes a person believes they should possess according to societal expectations?
Which theory focuses on how individuals choose to reveal personal information to others?
Which theory focuses on how individuals choose to reveal personal information to others?
What does the Cultivation Theory suggest about individuals' sources of information?
What does the Cultivation Theory suggest about individuals' sources of information?
Which perceptual error describes the influence of a single impression on subsequent judgments?
Which perceptual error describes the influence of a single impression on subsequent judgments?
In Attribution Theory, what is referred to as internal attribution?
In Attribution Theory, what is referred to as internal attribution?
What process involves assigning meaning to experiences after organizing information?
What process involves assigning meaning to experiences after organizing information?
Which of the following is not considered a type of perceptual difference?
Which of the following is not considered a type of perceptual difference?
What is the focus of the Social Cognitive Theory?
What is the focus of the Social Cognitive Theory?
The tendency for the most recent information to dominate perceptions is known as what?
The tendency for the most recent information to dominate perceptions is known as what?
Flashcards
Self-Disclosure
Self-Disclosure
The way someone chooses to share personal information with others.
Social Cognitive Theory
Social Cognitive Theory
Learning from watching others, and copying their behavior; learning by observation.
Cultivation Theory
Cultivation Theory
Media exposure shapes our views and perceptions more than direct experiences.
Agenda-Setting Theory
Agenda-Setting Theory
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Uses and Gratifications Theory
Uses and Gratifications Theory
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Social Comparison Theory
Social Comparison Theory
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Perceptual Errors
Perceptual Errors
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Halo Effect
Halo Effect
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Unstable Attribution
Unstable Attribution
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Fundamental Attribution Error
Fundamental Attribution Error
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Actor-Observer Difference
Actor-Observer Difference
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Self-Serving Bias
Self-Serving Bias
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Self-Concept
Self-Concept
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Study Notes
Mass Media Theories
- Self-Disclosure: The choices individuals make about how much they disclose to others and how.
- Social Cognitive Theory: Acquiring knowledge and behaviors through observation.
- Cultivation Theory: Individuals learn primarily from media sources rather than direct experience.
- Agenda-Setting Theory: Media influences topics people consider important.
- Uses and Gratifications Theory: Individuals seek media outlets to satisfy personal needs.
- Social Comparison Theory: Using media to compare oneself to others.
- Perception: Selecting, organizing, and interpreting information.
Perceptual Differences
- Physiological: Factors like height, weight, alertness.
- Psychological: Emotions, attitudes, mood.
- Social: Gender, status.
- Cultural: Ethnic background, cultural norms.
- Experiential: Past events, false memories.
The Perceptual Process
- Select Info: Choosing information based on needs and expectations.
- Organize Info: Grouping information by proximity, similarity, and difference.
- Interpret Info: Assigning meaning to experiences using existing schemas.
Perceptual Errors
- Halo Effect: Initial impressions influence subsequent opinions.
- Recency: Recent information strongly influences perception.
- Primacy Effect: First impressions are also influential.
Stereotyping
- Applying generalizations to individuals based on group associations.
Attribution Theory
- Individuals interpret behavior through internal or external attributions.
- Internal (Dispositional): Behavior caused by internal factors.
- External (Situational): Behavior caused by external factors.
- Stable/Unstable Attributions: Inference about the permanence of behaviors.
- Fundamental Attribution Error: Overestimating internal factors and underestimating external factors.
- Actor-Observer Difference: Actors attribute behavior to external factors, while observers attribute it to internal factors.
- Self-Serving Bias: Individuals attribute success to internal factors, and failure to external factors.
Self-Concept
- Self-perception based on context.
Self-Esteem
- Self-perception based on confidence/abilities.
Self-Image
- Subjective self-perception.
Reflected Appraisals
- How individuals view themselves based on how others perceive them.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
- Beliefs about oneself and the ideal self can differ—the actual, ideal, and ought selves.
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Description
Explore various theories related to mass media, including self-disclosure, social cognitive theory, and the cultivation theory. Delve into perceptual differences influenced by physiological, psychological, social, cultural, and experiential factors. This quiz will test your understanding of how media shapes perception and the perceptual process.
