CM 001_W1 [Content Edited] .pptx

Communicatio n Defined: Nature, Elements, Purposive Communication – Topic 1, Modes, & Week 1 Term 1, SY 2024-2025 Ethics JHONAS S. LUMANLAN, LPT, MAEd Professor, General Education NU Clark  Lesson Overv...

Communicatio n Defined: Nature, Elements, Purposive Communication – Topic 1, Modes, & Week 1 Term 1, SY 2024-2025 Ethics JHONAS S. LUMANLAN, LPT, MAEd Professor, General Education NU Clark  Lesson Overview DEFINITION AND VARIOUS 01 NATURE OF 03 MODES OF COMMUNICATION A brief discussion on the COMMUNICATIO A discussion on the three (3) definition and nature of modes of communication. communication. N ELEMENTS & ETHICS IN 02 principles OF 04 COMMUNICATIO COMMUNICATIO Discussion on the eight (8) essential elements engaged in N A discussion on the communication as cited by N the process of communication. Deirdre D. Johnston.  Learning Targets 0 0 0 0 Define Distinguish the Categorize the Apply the 1 communication 2 various actors or roles in the 3 various modes of communication 4 principles and ethics of communication correctly communication in process real life scenarios  What is Communication? Directly lifted from: Ambida et al. (2019) According to Wood (2012), there are four (4) key terms that may be used to encapsulate what communication is: Process System Symbols Meanings Communication as a Process Directly lifted from: Ambida et al. (2019) Process implies continuity. In the context of communication, one never stops from communicating as it is an ongoing activity. It is dynamic as it continually changes. Communication is never static. Communication is considered a process because it is an activity in itself. Communication as a System Directly lifted from: Ambida et al. (2019) A system refers to interrelated parts that affect one another. It is a collection not of random parts but of organized wholes. These parts interplay with each other as the communication process happens. Communication is affected by the larger system within which it operates. Communication as consisting of Directly lifted from: Ambida et al. (2019) When people communicate, they rely on Symbols symbols – a concrete representation of something abstract. The use of symbols allows people to perceive abstract, arbitrary, and ambiguous representation of things using the senses. Communication is symbolic as it involves interaction with and through symbols. Communication as Meaning Directly lifted from: Ambida et al. (2019) At the heart of communication is meaning. It can be viewed as an end in itself. This means that when people communicate, they attach meaning to the symbols they use (either verbally or non-verbally) with the intent that the person/s they are communicating with share the same meaning as intended. The goal of communication is to generate common meanings shared by the two or more conversants or speakers; or to understand each other. Communication as Meaning Directly lifted from: Ambida et al. (2019) Two levels of Meaning in Communication Type/ Meaning Example Level Refers to the literal If someone asks, “May you attend the meaning of the meeting?” the content level meaning is Content message; parallel to that the person asking is simply Level denotative meaning of requesting your presence in the said the message meeting. Expresses the If the question above is asked by your relationship between boss at work, you might interpret the Relationshi communicators; relationship level meaning as delegating p Level parallel to connotative task to you being the top performer or meaning of the someone who can be trusted in the message team.  #2: Elements & Principles of Communication Various elements play an important role in the process of communication.. How? Let's see... elements overview Source Message Channel Receiver Feedback Environment Context Interference Sour ce The source imagines, creates, and sends the message. The source encodes the message by choosing just the right order or the best words to convey the intended meaning and presents or sends the information to the audience (receiver). Messa ge “The message is the stimulus or meaning produced by the source for the receiver or audience” (McLean, 2005). The message brings together words to convey meaning but is also about how it’s conveyed — through nonverbal cues, organization, grammar, style, and other Chann “The channel is the way in which a message or messages el travel between source and receiver.” (McLean, 2005). Spoken channels include face-to-face conversations, speeches, phone conversations, radio, etc. Written channels include letters, memorandums, purchase orders, invoices, newspaper and magazine articles, blogs, email, text messages, tweets, and so forth.  Recei “The receiver receives the message from ver the source, analyzing and interpreting the message in ways both intended and unintended by the source.” (McLean, 2005). Feedb When you respond to the source, intentionally or ack unintentionally, you are giving feedback. Feedback is composed of messages the receiver sends back to the source. Verbal or nonverbal, all these feedback signals allow the source to see how well, how accurately (or how poorly and inaccurately) the message was received (Leavitt & Mueller, 1951).  Environ ment “The environment is the atmosphere, physical and psychological, where you send and receive messages” (McLean, 2005). Surroundings, people, animals, technology, can all influence your communication. Conte “The context of the communication interaction xt involves the setting, scene, and expectations of the individuals involved.” (McLean, 2005). A professional communication context may involve business suits (environmental cues) that directly or indirectly influence expectations of language and behavior among the participants.  Interfere nce Interference, also called noise, can come from any source. “Interference is anything that blocks or changes the source’s intended meaning of the message” (McLean, 2005). Noise interferes with normal encoding and decoding of the message carried by the channel between source and receiver.  Types of Interfere Physical Interference - is interference that nce comes from an external source, or the environment in which the communication is occurring. Static on a phone call, conversations during a presentation, not muting your sound while typing during an  Types of Interfere Physiological Interferences - deals with your nce own abilities to see and hear, your state of health, whether you are tired or hungry at the time of the communication, or any of many different physiological issues that can interfere with paying attention to a message. Types of Interfere Technical Noise - can interfere with your nce audience receiving and understanding your message. Online or video conferencing equipment may not work for everyone, connectivity may be slow, or servers may go down.  Types of Interfere nce Organizational Noise - can occur if you are unaware of, or disregard, expected communication channels in your organization. Some organizations are structured so that employees at certain levels only communicate with employees at similar levels  Types of Interfere nce Cultural Noise - occurs when cultural expectations, etiquette, attitudes, and values differ. Many different cultures exist based on nationalities, ages, genders, regions, social positions, work groups, and more, and individuals belong to multiple cultures.  Types of Interfere Psychological Noise - occurs as a result of nce personal attitudes, assumptions, and biases. People have particular perspectives and world views; communication noise occurs when content, language, and perceived attitudes of the communicator and the audience do not mesh.  Types of Interfere Semantic Interference - deals with words and nce language. Is the language of the communication clear and easy to understand? Is the language free from grammatical and technical errors? Are the sentences clear in their structure and easy to read or listen to? All of these language issues, however  Principles of Communication Communication is transactional. Communication is a two-way process. It involves an exchange. When a message is sent, a reply is expected. Communication is inevitable. It is impossible not to communicate. Communication is an indispensable part of daily life. Communication is goal-oriented. To persuade, to inform, to express one’s feelings, etc., and to influence others are some of the purposes of communication. At the core of all these, the ultimate goal of communication is to understand each other. Directly lifted from: Ambida et al. (2019)  Principles of Communication Communication is complex. In communication, the focus is not just on the message, but also on the kind of relationship the communicators have. Part of the complexity lies in that communication is interactive, context-based, culture-bound, and irreversible. Communication has various levels. There are various levels of communication: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, and public or mass. Communication can be learned. Despite the complexity of communication, it is a skill which can be learned. Directly lifted from: Ambida et al. (2019)  Principles of Communication Communication is relational. In any communication setting, aside from sharing meaning, the process how that meaning is created also echoes two vital aspects of the relationships of the communicators: Immediacy and control. Communication is guided by culture. How messages are created and processed in order to foster understanding is greatly influenced by the cultural background of the communicators. Directly lifted from: Ambida et al. (2019)  #3: Modes of Communication  0 Verb Verbal communication is the transmission of 1 information through spoken words or written al language. Two forms of verbal communication areWritten theCommunication following: - primarily used to convey Oral communication - a.k.a information in a permanent spoken communication. manner.  0 Non-verbal communication is the expression of information Non- through the body, face or voice. It provides a way 2 Verbal to convey emotion and information without using words. It can give the listener additional information, sometimes contradicting the spoken  Visual communication 0 delivers messages through visual cues such as illustrations, videos, charts Visual and diagrams. Visual 3 communication can be an effective tool, especially when it is difficult to relay messages through words. Often, a single diagram, illustration or photograph can relay complex information more succinctly  #4 Ethics in Communication  What is “ethics”? A system of moral principles Deals with values related to human conduct Standard of what is right and otherwise Directly lifted from: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/ethics-in-digital-communication-introduction-why-should-we-use-ethics-in-digital-world/267532679#4  What is “ethics in communication”? Ethics [in communication] are strategic forces that influence (and constrain) communications. Ethics refers to the principles of right and wrong that guide you in making decisions that consider the impact of your actions on others, as well as yourself. Directly lifted from: https://thebusinessprofessor.com/en_US/communications-negotiations/ethics-in-communication  Ethical communicators are honest. Ethical communicators are aware of the consequences of  Ethical communicators value diversity and respect other’s opinions. Ethical communicators are just and fair. In this global, modern and digital age, what do you think are other ethics in communication that we should observe and practice? How are these different or similar with the common or basic ethics in communication discussed? Thank You for Listening!  Sources and Suggested Abida, R. S., Galicha, J. P., & Oandasan, R. L. (2019). Purposive communication. C & E Publishing, Inc. Readings Eight essential components of communication. https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/commbusprofcdn/chapter/1-3-eight-essential-components- of-communication/ Noise/Interference in communication process. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-esc-communicationforprofessionals/chapter/interference-i n-communication-processes/ What are ethics in communication? https://thebusinessprofessor.com/en_US/communications-negotiations/ethics-in-communication Communication ethics. https://www.slideshare.net/Kitlaserna/communication-ethics#4 Ethics in digital communications. https://iccopr.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ethics-in-Digital-Communications-Guidelines.pdf Ethics in digital communications (2). https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/ethics-in-digital-communication-introduction-why-should-we- use-ethics-in-digital-world/267532679#18