Chemistry - Separation Techniques Notes PDF

Summary

Chemistry notes covering various separation techniques, including thermal decomposition, electrolysis, evaporation, crystallization, filtration, distillation, and chromatography. The notes detail the processes and provide examples for each method.

Full Transcript

## Chemistry notes - Separation of compounds & mixtures - **The term used when you separate substances individually:** decompose - **Compounds decompose into:** its elements or simpler substances - **Mixtures separate into:** its component substances involving techniques - **Ways compounds are deco...

## Chemistry notes - Separation of compounds & mixtures - **The term used when you separate substances individually:** decompose - **Compounds decompose into:** its elements or simpler substances - **Mixtures separate into:** its component substances involving techniques - **Ways compounds are decomposed:** 1. **Thermal decomposition:** - They easily dissolve in water - Uses heat: metal carbonates - Examples: - Calcium carbonate -> calcium oxide + carbon dioxide - Zinc carbonate -> Zinc oxide + carbon dioxide 2. **Electrolytic Decomposition:** - Uses electricity (molten) - Examples: - Lead bromide -> lead + bromine - Sodium chloride -> sodium + chlorine - **Ways mixtures are separated:** 1. **Evaporation to dryness (1-2):** - This is to obtain solute. - Heat the solution, let it boil until all the solvent (water) is gone. - Solute is in powder form. 2. **Crystallization:** - Heat the solution, let it boil until it starts to "spit" - Then turn off the burner and let the solution cool - Solute is in crystal form 3. **Obtaining the insoluble solid from solution - Filtration:** - Like separating sand & water - Use filter paper & funnel 4. **Obtain the solvent - Distillation:** - The impure liquid is heated - It boils and steam rises into the condenser - The impurities are left behind - The condenser is cold so the steam condenses to the pure liquid and it drops out of the beaker.. 5. **Chromatography (from oak national academy):** - Used by: - Forensic scientists - Analytical chemists - Sports industry.

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