Cheat Sheet Literary Studies PDF

Cheat Sheet studies Literary...

Cheat Sheet studies Literary of sub-genres poetry Form ballad has four : typically lines Poetry & sub-genres of poetry meter : iamb (alternation of textra- Poetry definition : Poetry + form of meter + trimater ( Literary expression that uses rhythmic rhyme scheme : alternate rhymes Language often with meter & , , rhyme loften abab imagery to evoke stories, emotions sometimes a ballad can have 12 & ideas in creative way. onwards verses & stanzas ranging poetic/lyrik > - first-person perspective , expressive from 3 onwards epic/narrative > - narrator recounts events directly Speech situation to the audience drama-> characters do explicit speaker : impricit all the talking novel > - adresses reader through book speaker whose identity , Lyric/Lyric thou intentions , emotions a re specker whose text identity Rhetorical devices : ephiphora , synecdoche , cleary started in , intentions. ellipsis alliteration Lyric/Lyric thou emotions are not , enallage , anaphora , , metapher, You love u s when stated but simile , personification , polysyndeton asyndaton , , directly we're heroes inferred from figura etymologica , chomatopeia , axymoron , chiasmus , , tome & context hyperbole , inversion , periphrasis , hendadiays , apoepoesis , litotes Language used in text metonymy , - She pulled stopped , to pull horder Type of foot : iamb(xX) , trochee(Xx) , anapest (xxX) , dactyl(XXx ( Levels of communication : Extratextual communication: Communication between the Identifying meter in verses of poetry text and its external context, e.g., between the author and > - type of foot ; number of feet/beats/stressed the reader or between a text and other texts. syllables per line of versel : Intratextual communication: Communication within the text itself, e.g., between characters in a literary work or between the narrator and the reader in a fictional text. common rhyme Rules schemes : in Poetry Interpretation an 66cc : rhyming couplets commerhis Autonomy & Unity : poems-aesthetic wholes abab add : alternate /alternating , structured harmoniously rhyme Intertextuality : poems influenced by abba cddc : envelope/embracing echo & earlier texts self rhyme Reflexivity : Poems reflect on aba bob cdc : chain rhyme themselves & process of meaning aab tail creation co6 : rhyme Anayzing & interpreting Poetry Structure of metaphor : · speech situation ? Source domain/donor field target damenrecibientedas · Stylistic devices : Goriginal semantic field field vehicle tenor ↳ external structure/level ? ↳ the metaphorical ↳ the actual referent e g iamb e. trimeter g trm ↳... metric foot metrical form, , , salient e.. complet g tercet , features external metrical form ↳characteristics of the ↳ interplay ? connoted metaphorical * field ↳ internal structure /Level 2 ↳ Tertium comparations pronological , morphological , Glink between the vehicle & tenor in a particular manner syntactic , semantic , progmatic · Interpretation so what ?  Narrative Texts (Narratology distinguish between novel , novella & short story llength > - main feature to distinguish ( Definition of Narrative' : · story-crienled approach lasks What is told ? story = content of the narrative ; concerned two important Analytical Positions : with the structure & content of & Gérard Genette story ; Franz Stachel focus of Narrative Discours : action , characters plot &d frame- , A Theory Narrative (1980) setting (1984) · discourse-oriented approach lasks : Genette : Narration & Focalization How is it told ? ) discourse mediation Who speaks narration nar rator = ? of the (Genette) who focalizer nar rative ; concerned sees ? focalization with how the narrative is transmitted- Genette's level of nar rative focus narrative perspective > - 'narrative Levels a narrator can be situated on : situation (Stanzel extradiegetic Level (1. Level · first level of Discourse-oriented any narrative Intradiegetic level (2 Level Narratology :. · that narrated Narrative situation : anything is is situated on the Franz K. Stanzel intradiegetic level (e g all.. characters , events first-person narrative hypodiegetic Level 13 Level. · narrative within narrative narrative told situation : e g.. told from perspective by character who is situated intradie- · story , on the o narrator involved in narrated world getic level Genette Narrative levels as an experiencing 1 : Isnarrator part of story they tell ? subjective, · limited in knowledge ; can extradiegetic heterodiegetic narrator : be reliable& unreliable · no relation to other characters of story authorial narrative situation : · does not exist within story world · narrator outside of world of extradiegetic homodiegetic narrator : characters has characters story (visibles · relation to other of prota- · appears as concrete specker · exists within story the world , ( but maybel not sonist & often comments an events autodiegetic sub-category : of homodiegetic : · addresses reader & refers to difference-tell their ow n story e. protagonist g. themselves i Presence as an level of extrodiegetic homodiegetic character figural narrative situation : Degree of involvement · hidden/covert narrator (barely in the narrated events not involved autodiegetic noticeable) Degree of explicitness covertinentral Overt(explicit) · narrated world presented from Degree of lunreliability reliable unreliable perspective of a character-reflector narrator not part of storyworld · · attempts to manipulate reader narration : extratextual frames of Monika Fliedernick's definition of who specks Gérard Genette : Focalization Narrative focalization: perspective through which a · (traditionally I narrated by a narrator who sees narrative is presented : mediating story perceives through which eyes the reader sees · representation of possible worlds modes of focalization · action & plot structure zero focalization : · focus an experience of the protagonist · amniscient reader · no single focus , as many foci as narrator choses Representation of space : · perspective from outside as well as inside (mind · narrator > character (narrator knows/says more than character knows internal focalization : · narrator says only what given character knows Semanticization of space in · focus narrative fiction one ; through eyes of a character on : the intradiegetic Level ; limited perspective , ↳ space fulfill narrative focus on what character can see function & are carriers of narrator (narrator says only meaning · = character what given character knows) Physical locations : contrasts sub-categories : between town &d countryside > fixed : only one unchanging focalizer Physical thresholds - , : Variable : focalizers discourse time : ↳ the which > changing among moment in - different characters · period of time required to the hero commits to a > - multiple : event told repeatedly , but narrate or to read a text quest ; e. g. boundaries each time through different focl Watch a movie or borders character story time : Mental/social spaces : external focalization : · temporal duration of action liminal spaces (places focalizer Level that is of transition ( extradiegetic described the course · an in · narrator a character ; narrator of a narrative text film ; says less or then character knows the time that within passes the narrated world Function of in space literary texts : Hoffmann 1. Mood-invested space is where spaces & objects in a text literary serve an Representation of Time expressive (or symbolics function order 2. Space of action functions context : chronological or anachronic as a narrative , analepsis , prelepsis or setting for the action i. e. locations duration : relation between discourse that provide a framework for time /Erzählzeit , time it takes to tell characters & their actions read time (Erzählte Zeit static space functions story) ; Story , 3. observed as a how time passes in fictional world space that provides a panoramic Frequency : Singulative , repeating or ietaritive view of events or actions in a story Narrating of consciousness -resentation  Drama Definition : text written the tree unities' of drama for performance ; absence of actions place time mediating nar rator : present tense. 1 Unity of Action Communication Model : Dramatic Text HAristoteles( performance · plot must have connection & continuity fictional author-theaterfictione > characters -> theater company > - reader. 2 Unity of Race (Neoclassicists communicating communicating - action limited to che single Location Types of Communication :. 3 Unity of Time (Neoclassicists) Dialogue Leght of Replies : o : varies actions happens within 2-3 hours or to show character dynamic ; a single day speaker change : dynamic or static ; drives dramas action ; characterizes figures reveals perspective Fire-act structure of , a tragedy Monologue character ; heard others : Speech by one by Soliloguy Definition : Serious : Speech alone on stage , not heard by others Aside : Speech directed to self , characters , audience ; imitation of action that unheard dramatic is -> irony complete , dramatic & Moment of Developing of belay evokes pity & fear a conflict Primary vs. Secondary Text Leading to Catharsis Function : Pleasure ; emo Primary Text : Character remarks (dialogue ; monologue Introduction tional cleansing (purge Catastrophe Secondary Text : stage directions; character gestures & audience through arousing facial expressions ; dermations of acts & scenes ; pity and fear - > teaching list of dramatis personae (characters in drama about ourselves ↳ · Major vs. Minor character (importale Stageforms : · Character Constellation : Visualizes Ancient Greece : amphitheater relationships conflicts & contrasts Shakespeareau times : close contact with , character audience conception : > - function : protagonist antigonist , , side character Today : box-like structure an experimentation > - development : staticlunchanging) vs. dynamic levolving with destruction of 'fourth wall > - depth : flatcone-dimensional) vs. round (complex & Level of meaning formation : multilayered ( dramatic , theatrical , everyday life > - Narrative Role : Hero, , mentor , etc Epic elements : narrative elements' such as n a r r a to r ; Berthold Brecht-alieneration of audience ; destruction of theatrical illusion & exposure Seristics of theatre of its mechanism , e. g. through Hypology of theatre commentary codes  Techniques of characterisation Conventions of Drama Dramatic Irony & its Effect : Discrepant awareness : Figural characterization > - comes from characters themselves Explicit figural characterization : character directly describes · a themselves or others "I friend e. g. am the most loyal you will ever have Implicit figural characterization · a character's actions speech & , behavior reveal their personality e.. g character stealing vs. helping ↳ reveals their nature without state Authorial characterization > - provided by anther or playwright Explicit authorial characterization · stage directions or narrator describe charac ter directly e.. g Character X starms off in Fury Lindicates anger Implicit authorial characterization · characters relationships , contrasts, values & interactions reveal perso- nality traits. g kind character next e. a placed to cruel on e highlights differences (contrast)  English Literature & MLA Style What is English Literature ? primary & Literature : of Secondary sources body specific & cultur - Primary source : Texts analyzed directly (e g.. poems , rally valorized text literature novels , plays essays , , movies , commercials : Writing broad literature Secondary source : Texts that help you analyze primary understanding of articles published as text us. Sources ; typically : in scholarly journals , literature theoretical essays ( norrow understanding of particular type of text Example : Nunning & Nünning as Bibliography entries The literary Canon : collection of works considered Monograph (bock/ independent publication ( o · a. Title 1.g e. Culler , Jonathan D. Literary Theory : A Very superior or classics Short Introduction. Oxford Up , 2000 · created through literary reviews · Journal article(dependent publication ( & prizes e. g. Kincaid , Jamaica. "In history" Callallo , vol critique : exclusion against minorities 24 2 2001 620-26 , no. , Spring. pp. What is · Newspaper article (dependent publication ( literary Theory ? e. g. Manning , Anita. "Curriculum Battles from Definition study of : how we read & Left " and Right. USA Today , 2. Mor 1994 : 5D interpret texts in edited collection (dependent) ↳ questions like authorship chapter ideas meaning · , e. g. Reynolds , Kimberly. "Chancing Families in & language ; impacting other fields Children's (Jonathan culler Fiction " The. Cambridge characteristics of Theory. 1 Interdisciplinary Influences other : fields. 2 Analytical/speculative Examines : big ideas like language gender &d meaning ,. 3 Critical of common sense : Challenges what we see as natural Thinking thinking 4. Reflexive : about : exploring new we make sense of texts & ideas Effects of Literary Theory : that ideas (e g gender · shows.. reless are cultural not natural , · analyzes power & social norms in literature helps read critically · us more  Klausurrelevante Begriffe zur Beschreibung der Überstrukturierung in Gedichten Alliteration alliteration Anapher anaphora Assonanz assonance Asyndeton asyndeton Binnenreim internal rhyme Chiasmus chiasmus Ellipse ellipsis Endreim end-rhyme Epipher epiphora Euphemismus euphemism Eye rhyme eye rhyme Figura etymologica figura etymologica Gemination geminatio Hendiodyoin hendiadys Historischer Reim historical rhyme Hyperbel hyperbola Inversion inversion Ironie irony Konsonanz consonance Kreuzreim alternate rhyme Litotes litotes Metapher metaphor Metonymie metonymy Onomatopoesis onomatopoeia Oxymoron oxymoron Paarreim rhyming couplet Paradoxon paradox Parallelismus parallelism Periphrase periphrasis Personifikation personification Polyptoton polyptoton Polysyndeton polysyndeton Reiner Reim true rhyme Rhetorische Frage rhetorical question Synästhesie synesthesia Synekdoche synecdoche Umarmender/umfassender Reim embracing rhyme Unreiner Reim half rhyme Vergleich simile Zeugma zeugma