chapter3 (1).ppt

Basics of Web Design Chapter 3 Web Design Basics Basics of Web Design: HTML5 & CSS, 6th Edition Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed.D. https://terrymorris.net 1 Learning Outcomes  Describe the most common types of website...

Basics of Web Design Chapter 3 Web Design Basics Basics of Web Design: HTML5 & CSS, 6th Edition Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed.D. https://terrymorris.net 1 Learning Outcomes  Describe the most common types of website organization  Describe principles of visual design  Design for your target audience  Create clear, easy-to-use navigation  Improve the readability of the text on your web pages  Use graphics appropriately on web pages  Choose a color scheme for our website  Apply the concept of universal design to web pages  Describe web page layout design techniques  Describe the concept of responsive web design  Apply best practices of web design 2 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Design for Your Target Audience Consider the target audience of these sites. 3 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Web Page Design Browser Compatibility  Web pages do NOT look the same in all the major browsers  Test with current and recent versions of: Microsoft Edge, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari Mobile devices  Progressive Enhancement: Website functions well in browsers commonly used by your target audience Add enhancements with CSS and/or HTML5 for display in modern browsers 4 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Web Page Design Screen Resolution  Test at various screen resolutions  Test with multiple devices 5 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Website Organization  Hierarchical  Linear  Random (sometimes called Web Organization) 6 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Hierarchical Organization  A clearly defined home page  Navigation links to major site sections  Often used for commercial and corporate websites 7 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Hierarchical: Too Shallow  Be careful that the organization is not too shallow.  Too many immediate choices  a confusing and less usable website.  Group, or “chunk”, related areas 8 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Hierarchical: Too Deep  Be careful that the organization is not too deep. ◦ This results in many “clicks” needed to drill down to the needed page. ◦ Too many clicks can result in a frustrated website visitor. 9 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Linear Organization  A series of pages that provide a tutorial, tour, or presentation.  Sequential viewing 10 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Random Organization  Sometimes called “Web” Organization  Usually there is no clear path through the site  May be used with artistic or concept sites  Not typically used for commercial sites 11 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Visual Design Principles  Repetition Repeat visual elements throughout design  Contrast Add visual excitement and draw attention  Proximity Group related items  Alignment Align elements to create visual unity 12 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Design to Provide for Accessibility  “The power of the Web is in its universality. Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect.” – Tim Berners-Lee  Who benefits from increased accessibility? A person with a physical disability A person using a slow Internet connection A person using an old, outdated computer A person using a mobile phone  Legal Requirement: Section 508  Standards: WCAG 2.0, WCAG 2.1 13 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Design for Accessibility Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1) https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/Overview https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/quickref/?versions=2.0 Based on Four Principles (POUR) 1.Perceivable Content must be easy to see or hear 2.Operable Interface components in the content must be operable by both mouse and keyboard 3.Understandable Content and controls must be easy to read and well- organized 4.Robust. Content use correct syntax and function on popular operating systems, browsers, and assistive technologies. 14 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Writing for the Web  Avoid long blocks of text  Use bullet points  Use headings and subheadings  Use short paragraphs 15 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Design “Easy to Read”  Text Use common fonts: Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, Times New Roman  Use appropriate text size: medium, 1em, 100%  Use appropriate line length Between 50-60 characters is recommended  Use strong contrast between text & background  Use columns instead of wide areas of horizontal text 16 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. More Text Design Considerations  Carefully choose text in hyperlinks Avoid “click here” Hyperlink key words or phrases Do not hyperlink not entire sentences  Chek yur spellin (Check your spelling) 17 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Using Color on Web Pages  Computer monitors display color as intensities of red, green, and blue light  RGB Color  The values of red, green, and blue vary from 0 to 255.  Hexadecimal numbers (base 16) represent these color values. 18 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Hexadecimal Color Values  # indicates a hexadecimal value  Hex value pairs range from 00 to FF  Three hex value pairs describe an RGB color 19 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Web Color Palette  A collection of 216 colors  Display the most similar on the Mac and PC platforms  Hex values: 00, 33, 66, 99, CC, FF  Color Chart : https://webdevbasics.net/color 20 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Color Theory  Color Theory: the study of color and its use in design  Color Wheel Primary Colors Secondary Colors Tertiary Colors 21 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Color Schemes Based on The Color Wheel (1) Monochromatic shades, tints, or tones of the same color https://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/color- blend Analogous a main color and two colors adjacent to it on the color wheel Complementary two colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel 22 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Color Schemes Based on The Color Wheel (2)  Split Complementary a main color, the color opposite it on the color wheel (the complement) and two colors adjacent to the complement  Triadic three colors that are equidistant on the color wheel  Tetradic two complementary color pairs 23 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Implementing a Color Scheme  Choose one color to be dominant  Use other colors in the color scheme as accent colors headings, subheadings borders, list markers, etc.  Use neutrals such as white, off-white, gray, black, or brown  Do not restrict yourself to web-safe colors  Feel free to use tints, shades, or tones of colors 24 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Verify Sufficient Contrast  When you choose colors for text and background, sufficient contrast is needed so that the text is easy to read.  Use one of the following online tools to verify contrast: https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker https://snook.ca/technical/colour_contrast/colour.html 25 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Making Color Choices  How to choose a color scheme? Monochromatic http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/color-blend http://www.0to255.com Choose from a photograph or other image http://www.colr.org Begin with a favorite color Use one of the sites below to choose other colors http://paletton.com http://www.colorsontheweb.com/Color-Tools/Color-Wizard 26 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Appealing to Kids & Preteens Use Appealing to Everyone of Color Appealing to Older Adults Appealing to Young Adults  Use of Graphics & Multimedia  File size and dimension matter  Provide for robust navigation  Antialiased/aliased text considerations  Provide alternate text  Use only necessary multimedia 28 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Flat Web Design Trend  Minimalistic design style  Features blocks of color  Often requires vertical scrolling 29 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Single Page Website “One Page Website” Contains one very long page (a single HTML file) with a clearly defined navigation area, usually at the top of the page. This navigation takes you to specific areas on the page. (More in Chapter 7) 30 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. 30  Navigation Design  Make your site easy to navigate Provide clearly labeled navigation in the same location on each page Most common – across top or down left side  Consider: Navigation Bars Breadcrumb Navigation Using Graphics for Navigation Dynamic Navigation Site Map Site Search Feature 31 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Wireframe  A sketch or blueprint of a web page  Shows the structure of the basic page elements, including: Logo Navigation Content Footer 32 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Web Page Design Page Layout (1)  Use adequate empty or blank space  Use an interesting page layout This is usable, but a little boring. See the next slide for improvements in page layout. 33 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Web Page Design Page Layout (2) Columns of different widths interspersed with graphics and headings create interesting, easy to read web pages. 34 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Page Layout Design Techniques Fixed Layout ◦AKA rigid or “ice” design ◦Fixed-width often at left margin ◦More appealing if fixed with content is centered 35 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Page Layout Design Techniques Fluid Layout ◦AKA “liquid” design ◦Expands to fill the browser at all resolutions. ◦Adaptation: ◦ Page content typically centered and often configured with a percentage width such as 80% 36 36 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. Mobile Design Quick Checklist  Small screen size  Bandwidth issues  Single-column layout  Maximize contrast  Optimize images for mobile display  Descriptive alternate text for images  Avoid display of non-essential content 37 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Progressive Enhancement  Design your website so it displays well in mobile devices  Design your website so that it is usable in older browsers  Add enhancements with CSS and/or HTML5 to take advantage of the capabilities of modern browsers. 38 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D. 38 Responsive Web Design  Ethan Marcotte, noted web developer http://alistapart.com/article/responsive-web-design  Progressively enhancing a web page for different viewing contexts (such as smartphones and tablets) through the use of coding techniques, including flexible layouts and media queries.  Examples: http://www.mediaqurie.es 39 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Web Design Best Practices Checklist http://terrymorris.net/bestpractices Page Layout Browser Compatibility Navigation Color and Graphics Multimedia Content Presentation Functionality Accessibility 40 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.  Summary  This chapter introduced you to best practices of web design.  The choices you make in the use of color, graphics, and text should be based on your particular target audience. 41 Copyright © 2022 Terry Ann Morris, Ed. D.