The Human Body: An Orientation PDF

The Human Body: An orientation Chapter 1  Anatomy Defined What is anatomy? – Study of form and relationships among structures How was it first studied? – Dissection  Anatomy Defined Subdisciplines of Anatomy – Embryology – Gross A...

The Human Body: An orientation Chapter 1  Anatomy Defined What is anatomy? – Study of form and relationships among structures How was it first studied? – Dissection  Anatomy Defined Subdisciplines of Anatomy – Embryology – Gross Anatomy – Developmental Biology – Systemic Anatomy – Cell Biology – Regional Anatomy – Histology – Radiographic Anatomy – Surface Anatomy – Pathological Anatomy – Cross-sectional Anatomy  Anatomy Defined What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology? – Form follows function – In Anatomy you will understand the muscles, bones, what flows through them and what there function is. – In Physiology you will learn how they work, and how they work together Levels of the Body Organization Chemical Level – Atom – Molecule Macromolecule Cellular Level – Basic structural and functional unit of an organism – Basic level of life Levels of the Body Organization Tissue Level – Epithelial – Connective – Muscle – Neuron Organ Level Systems Level Organismal Level  Basic Anatomical Terminology Anatomical position – Upright Palms facing forward Head straight Feet forward – Reclining Prone – face down Supine – face up  Basic Anatomical Terminology Regional terminology – Greek or Latin roots  Basic Anatomical Terminology Plane – Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body – Saggital Midsagittal (median) Parasagittal – Coronal (frontal) – Transverse plane (cross section or horizontal) – Oblique  Basic Anatomical Terminology Section – Cuts of the body/organ made along one of the planes  Basic Anatomical Terminology Directional terms – Describe position of one body part relative to another – Paired w/ opposite meanings  Body Cavities Spaces w/in the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs  Body Cavities Membranes – Serous membrane Parietal layer – Lines walls of thoracic and abdominal cavities Visceral layer – Lines the viscera of thoracic and abdominal cavities Abdominopelvic regions and quadrants Abdominopelvic regions and quadrants  The Human Body and Disease Disorder – Abnormality of A or P – Ex. Mental disorder (less stigma) Disease – Specific term for illness – recognizable set of signs and symptoms – A or P is altered in characteristic way – Ex. Autoimmune Disease  The Human Body and Disease Symptom – Subjective change in P – Not apparent to observer Sign – Objective change in A or P – Can be local or systemic  Medical Imaging Radiography – Mammography – Bone densitometry – Angiography – Intravenous urography – Barium contrast x-ray  Medical Imaging Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Computed Tomography (CT) Ultrasound Scanning Positron emission tomography (PET) Radionuclide scanning Endoscopy