Chapter1-review_sheet.docx

Chapter 1: What is Life List and explain some characteristics of life Respond to external stimuli/Responsiveness– Alarm Clock Alter the Environment – Turning off alarm, pollutant Sense the Environment – Hot or Cold, Temperature Adapt to the Environment – Covering body with clothes, shivering or swea...

Chapter 1: What is Life List and explain some characteristics of life Respond to external stimuli/Responsiveness– Alarm Clock Alter the Environment – Turning off alarm, pollutant Sense the Environment – Hot or Cold, Temperature Adapt to the Environment – Covering body with clothes, shivering or sweating Metabolism/Energy – Ingesting food and breaking it down for energy Reproduction – reproduction of cells and of a new organism Materials found only in living organisms – proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, neucleic acids – DNA/RNA Homeostasis – maintain a stable internal environment, body temp High degree of organization – microscopic units, called cell, inc complex tissues, organs, organ systems, and individual organisms What are the levels of organization? Chemical Level – includes atoms, molecules and compounds found inside the cell. Cellular Level – the smallest unit of life, a component bounded by a membrane or cell wall, in multicellular organisms, cells are usually specialized to perform specific functions Muscle Cell Nerve Cell Epithelial Cell Cartilage Cell Tissue Level – an assemblage of similar cells Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscular Tissue Nervous Tissue Organ Level – an assemblage of tissues that often have several functions Heart – Cardiovascular System Liver – Digestive System Kidney – Urinary System Lungs – Cardiovascular Organ System Level – the group of organs that carries out a more generalized set of functions Cardiovascular – heart, lungs, veins, arteries Organism Level – Homo sapiens Systems – Integumentary System – Skin Skeleto-Muscular System – Muscles and Bones Cardiovascular System – Respiratory System – Digestive System – Urinary System – Lymphatic System – Nervous System - Reproductive System – Endocrine System - Define Taxonomy – a branch of science that deal with the study of classification based on structural similarities and common ancestry. The most accepted classification has 3 domains and 6 kingdoms Define Kingdom – based on similar characteristics, into divisions that get even more narrow Kingdom – Animalia – all multicellular organisms that ingest nutrients rather than synthesize them Phylum – all animals with a vertebral column or dorsal hollow notochord – a structure along the back of animals that protect their central nervous system. Class – Mammalia – all vertebrates with placental development, mammary glands, hair or fur, and a tail located behind the anus. Order – Primates – mammals adapted to life in tress, with opposable thumbs. Family – Hominidae – primates that move primarily with bipedal – two-footed - locomotion. Genus – Homo – hominids with large brain cases or skulls Species – The only living organism in our species, with a unique set of combined characteristics from our family(bipedal), order(opposable thumbs), and genus(large brain case) Explain the scientific Method – The scientific Method is rooted in logic. If we can show that our hypothesis does not apply to even one situation, then our hypothesis is wrong. After we analyze the data and draw conclusions from them, we may have to throw out our hypothesis or conclude that it applies to a more limited range of circumstances. Label each of the diagrams below: Sweating, water regulation, sugar – negative feedback Childbirth contractions – positive feedback, muscle contractions, Uterine contractions