Chapter 8 - Music PDF

Art Appreciation GE CONTWO Chapter 8 - Music  Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to: 1. Define what music is. 2. Enumerate and explain the elements and kinds of music. 3. Render one song number individually or by group. ...

Art Appreciation GE CONTWO Chapter 8 - Music  Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to: 1. Define what music is. 2. Enumerate and explain the elements and kinds of music. 3. Render one song number individually or by group.  Musi c Music is the art of combining sounds of varying pitch to produce a coherent composition that is melodious, harmonious, intelligible and expressive of ideas and emotions. Elements of Music Similar to the visual arts, the audio- visual arts have their respective elements. Music has its own set of elements; dance has another set; and drama has still another set. However, there are some elements common in these three Elements of Music 1. Pitch. Pitch is the relative highness of lowness of tone. Elements of Music 2. Volume or Intensity Volume is the loudness or softness of a sound. It ranges from very soft (pianissimo) and soft (piano) to very loud (fortissimo) and loud (forte). The volume is louder Elements of Music 3. Tempo or Rate. Tempo is the speed of a composition or any of its sections. Ballads have a slow tempo, whereas dance songs have a fast rate. Terms such as allegro (fast) , vivace (lively), moderato Elements of Music 4. Duration Duration is the length of time during a sound is produced. Some sounds are longer than the others. Elements of Music 5. Timbre or Tone Color Timbre is the quality of sound that makes it distinct from other sounds. Elements of Music 6. Rhythm Rhythm is a consistent pattern or succession of identical or similar sounds. This is illustrated by the succession of similar sounds in a song, as follows: introduction, stanza one, chorus, refrain, stanza Elements of Music 7. Melody Melody is the series of consecutive tones that vary in pitch and duration but form a line of individual significance and expressive value. It is an orderly succession of tones or musical sounds. It is the Elements of Music 8. Harmony Harmony is the simultaneous soundings of two or more tones. When two or more tones are sounded simultaneously, there exists a chord. Elements of Music 9. Texture Texture is the number of tones expected to be apprehended simultaneously. It is either monophonic (sounding of a single melodic line without an accompaniment), polyphonic (simultaneous Elements of Music 10. Form Form is the overall organization of the composition. It is associated with shape, structure and coherence. All the musical elements are put together to come up with the cohesive whole called form. Kinds of Music According to Boethius, the most eloquent music writer of the Middle Ages, there are three types of music. These are musica mundana, musica humana and musica instrumentalis. Musica mundana is music created by the orderly relationships found among the planets and the changing seasons of the world. Musica humana is music created by human beings, by the unity of the body and the soul. Musica instrumentalis is music created by musical instruments (Lamucho et al., 2003). Moreover, music is, classified into vocal Kinds of Music 1. Vocal Music Vocal music is music produced by the voices of singers. The singing is done without the accompaniment of musical instruments. Vocal music is rendered a cappella. Kinds of Music 2.Instrumental Music Instrumental Music is music produced by musical instruments. It is exemplified by an orchestra performing without a soloist or a group of singers. Kinds of Music 3. Mixed Music or Mixed Ensemble Mixed music is a combination of vocal music and instrumental music. Mixed ensemble usually perform in Mass, Requiem Mass, opera, oratorio and cantata. Kinds of Music 4. Ensemble Ensemble music is a music rendered by a group of performers – singer s and/or players of musical instruments. Kinds of Music – Ensemble Classification (Sanchez, Abad and Jao, 2002) : a. Orchestra An orchestra is the most spectacular of the ensembles because of its large size. Usually performing under the direction of a conductor, the musician playing several instruments of the same kind are given a part. It Kinds of Music – Ensemble Classification (Sanchez, Abad and Jao, 2002) : b. Symphony Orchestra A symphony orchestra is a large ensemble composed of about 100 players. It includes all the principal instrumental types divided into four sections, each of which has at least Kinds of Music – Ensemble Classification (Sanchez, Abad and Jao, 2002) : c. Concerto The concerto is a form written for an orchestra in which one solo instrument, for example, a piano or a violin, is given prominence. Kinds of Music – Ensemble Classification (Sanchez, Abad and Jao, 2002) : d. Band A band is an instrumental ensemble having the size of an orchestra but consisting mainly or exclusively of wind and percussion instruments. It usually performs in concert halls and Kinds of Music – Ensemble Classification (Sanchez, Abad and Jao, 2002) : e. Rondalla A rondalla is a band usually composed of stringed instruments (banduria, laud, octavina, piccolo, giutarra, and bajo). It is the best-known instrumental group in the Philippines today. Kinds of Music – Ensemble Classification (Sanchez, Abad and Jao, 2002) : f. Mixed Ensemble g. Chamber Orchestra A chamber orchestra is an ensemble larger than a chamber ensemble and smaller than a full orchestra. Kinds of Music – Ensemble Classification (Sanchez, Abad and Jao, 2002) : h. Chamber Ensemble. It is a small group of instrumental players. It ranges from one to nine. Chamber music written for only one instrument is called solo=sonata; two=duo; three= trio; four=quartet; five=quintet; Kinds of Music – Ensemble Classification (Sanchez, Abad and Jao, 2002) : I. Special Ensemble A special ensemble is a grouping other than the ones earlier mentioned. Examples of this are family ensemble (Tajanlangit and Figueroa families) which are composed of family Mediums of Music The media of music are classified into vocal (voices) and instrumental (musical instruments). Mediums of Music 1.Vocal Media Vocal media, as the term, suggests, pertain to male and female voices. 2.Male Voices Male voices have three registers: bass (lowest), baritone (middle) and the tenor (highest). The lowest of the male Mediums of Music 3. Female Voices Female voices also have three registers: alto (lowest), mezzo soprano (middle), and soprano (highest). The highest of the female vocal registers is the coloratura soprano. Mediums of Music 4. Instrumental Media Instrumental media pertain to the different instruments played by the musicians. Most of these instruments form part of the orchestra. Based on how their sounds are Mediums of – Instrumental Music Media : a. String/Str inged Instrume nts As their name suggests, have strings which are either plucked or bowed. The plucked strings are guitars, Mediums of Music – Instrumental Media : b. Wind Instruments Wind instruments, as their name suggest, require wind to produce sound so they are blown. Based on the materials that are used to create them, they are Mediums of Music – Instrumental Media : c. Percussion Instruments Percussion instruments are beaten or struck. They come in a variety of forms. The drums (kettle drums, snare drums, side drums, etc.), glockenspiels, Mediums of Music – Instrumental Media : d. Keyboard Instruments Keyboard instruments, as their name suggest, have keys which are pressed to produce the desired sounds. They include the piano, the organ,  ACKNOWLEDMENT Introduction to Humanities By: Jesus Z. Menoy  Chapter 5 - MUSIC, ELEMENTS, KINDS http://historyofmusic.tripod.com/id6.html http://www.scribd.com/doc/28841479/What-Are-th http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0151192.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-m  END OF LESSON 1 PLEASE PROCEED TO LESSON 2