Rangkuman Seni Budaya PDF
Document Details
Uploaded by AffirmativeMetaphor
Tags
Summary
This document is a summary of Indonesian music, discussing topics like sounds ("bunyi"), musical notes ("nada"), intervals, and harmony ("harmoni"). It covers different types of musical instruments, particularly focusing on those used in Indonesia, providing a foundation on the theoretical elements of music.
Full Transcript
# Bunyi, Nada, dan Alat Musik ## Bunyi - What do you know about sound? - When you are quiet, sometimes a mosquito is flying near your ear, what do you hear? - When your friend hits a table, what do you hear? - Sound comes from vibrating objects. - Objects that produce sound are called soun...
# Bunyi, Nada, dan Alat Musik ## Bunyi - What do you know about sound? - When you are quiet, sometimes a mosquito is flying near your ear, what do you hear? - When your friend hits a table, what do you hear? - Sound comes from vibrating objects. - Objects that produce sound are called sound sources. - Sound can be classified into several types: ### 1. Based on Strength and Weakness - Sound is classified into strong sound and weak sound. - Loud sound is louder and clearer to the ear. - Weak sound is quieter to the ear. - Examples of loud sounds: airplane, car horn, lightning. - Examples of weak sounds: wind, gentle breeze, and the sound produced by crickets. ### 2. Based on Origin - Sound is classified into natural sound and artificial sound. - Natural sound comes from objects found in nature. - Natural sound can come from humans, animals, and plants. - Artificial sound comes from artificial objects. - Examples of artificial sound: the sound of a bell being struck, a car horn, and a musical instrument being played. ### 3. Based on Length and Shortness - Sound is classified into long sound and short sound. - Long sound is heard for a longer time. - Short sound is heard for a short time. - Examples of long sound: the sound of a train from afar. - Examples of short sound: the sound produced when clapping or knocking on a door. ## Nada - Nada is a regular sound. - Sounds with higher frequencies will produce higher notes. - Examples of high notes: the sound of a soprano singer. - Sounds with lower frequencies will produce lower notes. - Examples of low notes: the sound of a man's voice talking. - The pitch of a note is how high or low it is. - Each note is arranged in a scale. - A scale is a series of notes arranged in ascending order from the lowest to the highest note. - An example of a scale is the diatonic scale, which consists of seven notes. - The arrangement of notes from Do (C) to Do' (C') is called an octave. - Notes can be written using a note number system and a note stem system. ### a. Number Notation System - Number notation uses a symbol. - Numbers used range from 1 to 7. - The number 0 is used as a placeholder or rest. - Number notation is very good for vocal exercises and singing. - Here is an example of number notation: | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 1 | | Do | Re | Mi | Fa | Sol | La | Si | Do | ### b. Note Stem System - Note stem notation uses a symbol. - Note stems are drawn on the musical staff. - Note stem notation consists of three parts: note head, stem, and flag. - Note stem notation is very good for learning music. - Here is an example of note stem notation: | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | C | D | E | F | G | A | B | C' | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 1 | | do | re | mi | fa | sol | la | si | do | ## Interval Nada - Interval is the distance between two notes, whether the note is higher or lower. - Interval can be a whole note or a half note. - The diatonic major scale has the following intervals: 1 - 1 - ½ - 1 - 1 - 1 - ½. - Here is an example of interval within a diatonic major scale: | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | C | D | E | F | G | A | B | C' | | 1 | 1 | ½ | 1 | 1 | 1 | ½ | - The distance between E and F, and B and C' is 1 ½ note. - The other notes have a distance of 1 note. ### 1. Interval Names | No. | Name | Description | | ---- | ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 1 | Prime | The interval from the first note to the same note. For example, Do to Do. | | 2 | Second | The interval from the first note to the second note above or below it. For example, Do to Re. | | 3 | Third | The interval from the first note to the third note above or below it. For example, Do to Mi. | | 4 | Fourth | The interval from the first note to the fourth note above or below it. For example, Do to Fa.| | 5 | Fifth | The interval from the first note to the fifth note. For example, Do to Sol. | | 6 | Sixth | The interval of six notes. | | 7 | Seventh | The interval of seven notes. | | 8 | Octave | The interval of eight notes within a diatonic scale. | ## Harmoni - Besides notes, there is also the term harmony. - Harmony means "in tune". - In music, harmony is the arrangement of multiple notes that have a harmonious frequency when played together. - Harmonies of three or more notes played together will form a chord. - A chord is a combination of several notes (at least 3) that are played together and sound harmonious. - Chords can be played simultaneously or alternately. - Chords serve as accompaniment or fusion for a melody in a song. - Chords have several levels or sequences. - Below is an example of chords in the C major scale: ### a. C Major Chord (C): - The combination of C - E - G, or the chord that contains Do, Mi, and Sol. ### b. F Major Chord (F): - The combination of F - A - C', or the chord that contains Fa, La, and Do. ### c. G Major Chord (G): - The combination of G - B - D', or the chord that contains Sol, Si, and Re. - Chords are closely related to intervals. - Major chords (M) have intervals of 2 (C - E) and 1 ½ (E - G). - Chords are usually played using melodic instruments such as the piano and keyboard. - Here is an example of chords on a piano and keyboard: | C | F | G | | --- | --- | --- | | C | E | G | | F | A | C' | | G | B | D' | | C Major Chord | F Major Chord | G Major Chord | ## Alat Musik ### 1. Alat Musik Ritmis - Rhythmic instruments are musical instruments that do not have a pitch. - Rhythmic instruments are used to play rhythms in songs. - Rhythm is a sequence of sounds in a song. - Rhythmic instruments also function as tempo setters for musicians to start or stop playing their instruments. - Here are some examples of rhythmic instruments: ### a. Tamborin - A tambourine is a rhythmic instrument played by striking and shaking it. - Tambourines are round in shape and made of wood or plastic. - They have a pair of small, round, metal plates on each side. - The metal plates will produce a rattling sound when shaken. ### b. Triangle - A triangle is a rhythmic instrument played by striking it. - Triangles are made of metal and triangular in shape with one end open. - Triangles are equipped with a small, metal stick for striking. ### c. Kastanyet - Claves are rhythmic instruments made of wood and shaped like shells. - Claves are played by tapping them together. ### d. Maracas - Maracas are rhythmic instruments that are made of wood or plastic and filled with beans. - Maracas are played by shaking them with both hands. ### e. Drum - A drum is a rhythmic instrument played by striking with a drumstick. - Drums are equipped with a pair of sticks. - Drums are also struck with the foot by using the pedal that is connected to the drumsticks. ### 2. Alat Musik Melodis - Melody instruments are musical instruments that produce notes and melodies. - Melody instruments serve as song accompaniment, solo instruments, and dance accompaniment. - The way melody instruments are played is very diverse, depending on the type of instrument. - Here are some examples of melody instruments: ### a. Angklung - Angklung is a traditional melody instrument from West Java. - Angklung is made of bamboo and is in the shape of a frame with a set of bamboo pieces. - The bamboo pieces come in various sizes. - Each angklung produces a different note. - Angklung is played by shaking the bamboo pieces. ### b. Sasando - Sasando is a traditional melody instrument that comes from East Nusa Tenggara. - Sasando is basically a bamboo tube. - Sasando is equipped with a number of strings. - The outer part of the sasando is woven from palm leaves. - This part functions as a resonance for the sound of the strings when played. ### c. Kolintang - Kolintang is a melody instrument from North Sulawesi. - Kolintang consists of a series of bamboo pieces with varying lengths. - The bamboo pieces are placed on a rack. - Each bamboo piece produces a different note. - Kolintang is played by striking the bamboo pieces with a stick. ### d. Saksofon - Saxophone is a melody instrument similar to trumpet in shape. - Saxophone is made of metal and is curved like a pipe. - To produce sound, the saxophone is blown into. ### e. Biola - Violin is a melody instrument that has strings. - Violin is played by rubbing a bow on the strings to produce a sound. - Each string has its own tuning key that functions as a tuning key for strings, such as in a guitar.