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Chapter 7: Plant Anatomy and Morphology: Monocots vs Dicots

Test your knowledge on plant anatomy and morphology, focusing on the differences between monocots and dicots, plant tissues, organs, and other important parts like fruits and seeds.

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary site for photosynthesis and transpiration in plants?

Leaves

Which plant organ is categorized as having 'Sheath, blade, and collar'?

Leaves

What do monocots generally have in terms of leaf structure?

Petiole and blade

What are the four parts of a flower?

<p>Stamen, pistil, petal, and sepal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which flower arrangement is characterized by pedicels from a single location?

<p>Umbel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main stalk arrangement of flowers in monocots/grasses called?

<p>Spike</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a fruit in plants?

<p>To protect the seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between epigeal and hypogeal seed germination?

<p>Epigeal germination occurs when the cotyledons emerge above the soil surface, while hypogeal germination occurs when the cotyledons remain below the soil surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of monocot plants?

<p>Parallel veins in leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of seeds in plants?

<p>To propagate the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the root system of dicot plants?

<p>Taproot system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between monocot and dicot plants?

<p>All of the above accurately describe the differences between monocots and dicots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of plant tissue?

<p>Muscular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of xylem tissue in plants?

<p>To transport water and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of meristem tissue in plants?

<p>Dermal meristem</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of roots in plants?

<p>All of these</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a modified stem structure?

<p>Rhizome</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which flower arrangement is characterized by a branched pattern in dicots?

<p>Raceme</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant part is described by having sheath, blade, and collar?

<p>Leaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of inflorescences in plants?

<p>Arrangement of flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which flower arrangement involves pedicels originating from a single location?

<p>Umbel</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Head' as an arrangement of flowers includes disk and ray flowers. What is the function of ray flowers?

<p>Attracting insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phloem tissue in plants?

<p>Transporting sucrose (food)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the arrangement of vascular bundles in monocot stems?

<p>Scattered throughout the stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cuticle on the epidermis of plant leaves and stems?

<p>Protecting the plant from excessive water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plant structures is responsible for the development of new branches or flowers?

<p>Axillary meristem</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of corms in plants?

<p>Storing energy reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the leaf venation pattern in dicot plants?

<p>Netted veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pith and cortex in plant stems?

<p>Composing the bulk of the plant's structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the germination process in dicot plants?

<p>Epigeal germination (seed above surface when sprouting)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between fleshy and dry fruits?

<p>Fleshy fruits contain a ripened ovary with seeds, while dry fruits contain a dry ovary with seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of epigeal germination?

<p>The cotyledons emerge above the soil surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the root system of monocot plants?

<p>Fibrous root system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of xylem tissue in plants?

<p>To transport water and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a modified stem structure?

<p>Tuber</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main stalk arrangement of flowers in monocots/grasses called?

<p>Spike</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of dicot plants?

<p>Netted leaf veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a fruit in plants?

<p>To protect the seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the leaf structure of monocot plants?

<p>Parallel veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Plant Anatomy and Morphology

  • Monocots and dicots are two important groups of crops.
  • Plant tissues are vascular, meristem, epidermis, and ground tissue.
  • Plants have four organs: roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.
  • Other important plant parts include fruits and seeds.

Monocots and Dicots

  • Monocots have one cotyledon, usually herbaceous, parallel veins in leaves, scattered vascular bundles, fibrous root system, and hypogeal germination.
  • Dicots have two cotyledons, can be herbaceous or woody, netted veins in leaves, vascular bundles in a ring, taproot system, and epigeal germination (usually).

Plant Tissues

  • Epidermis is the outer, protective cell layer on stems and leaves, with a waxy cuticle that helps protect and absorbs water.
  • Stomata are similar to the blood flow system in animals.
  • Vascular tissue is conducting tissue that consists of xylem (water and nutrients) and phloem (sucrose or food).
  • Ground tissue composes the bulk of the plant, consisting of pith and cortex.
  • Meristems are areas of actively dividing cells, including apical (responsible for growth at tip of shoot or root), intercalary (responsible for growth of stem internodes and leaves), and axillary (responsible for development of buds for branches or flowers).

Plant Organs

  • Roots anchor the shoot into the soil, support upright growth of stems, absorb minerals and water, and provide storage of energy reserves.
  • Root systems can be taproot or fibrous, with dicots having one main root with other roots that splinter off.
  • Stems are the primary supporting structure, a conduit for movement of water, nutrients, and photosynthesis products, and can also conduct photosynthesis and store energy.
  • Leaves are the primary site for photosynthesis and transpiration, consisting of a sheath, blade, and collar in monocots and a petiole and blade in dicots.
  • Flowers are modified leaves, generally having four parts: male stamen, female pistil, petals, and sepals, and can be categorized as complete or incomplete, perfect or imperfect.

Modified Stems

  • Rhizomes are modified stems that grow underground, producing new plants.
  • Stolons are modified stems that grow above ground, producing new plants.
  • Tubers are modified stems that are swollen and underground, used for food storage.
  • Bulbs are modified stems that are underground and composed of a short stem and scales.
  • Corms are modified stems that are underground and swollen, used for food storage.

Inflorescences and Fruits

  • Inflorescences are arrangements of flowers, including spikes, panicles, racemes, umbels, and heads.
  • Fruits are ripened or mature ovaries containing the seed or seeds, classified as fleshy or dry.
  • Seeds are mature, fertilized ovules or eggs within the ovary.

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