Medical Terminology in a Flash - Digestive System PDF

Chapter 9 Digestive System Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Preface  This presentation is intended to be used after the chapter has been read.  It has been designed to encourage active learning. See “...

Chapter 9 Digestive System Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Preface  This presentation is intended to be used after the chapter has been read.  It has been designed to encourage active learning. See “Active Learning Instructions.”  It can also be used as a quiz, or it can be provided to students for use as a study guide. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions 1. Each student needs three sheets of paper or one sheet cut into three pieces. We can use these for two separate activities. 2. Set a. Onup the one paper piece as follows: of paper, write in very large handwriting the letter A, and then turn it over and write the number 1. b. On the second piece, write the letter B on one side and the number 2 on the other side. c. On the last piece, write a C on one side and the number 3 on the other Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_1)  For the “Match the Term with Its Definition” and “Match the Combining Form with Its Definition” slides, all students will answer the question by holding up the letter that they think represents the correct definition.  The instructor can also reverse this activity. The students would instead answer by holding up the number that they think represents the Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_2) The fill-in-the-blank slides can be answered in a variety of ways. Here are a few suggestions: 1. Answers are written on small dry erase boards and held up in the air. This is less expensive if students are grouped. 2. Divide the large classroom board into sections. Group the students, line them up in relay fashion, and have them race to write answers on the board. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_3) 3. Divide the class into teams. The first team to stand up and call out the correct answer gets a point. 4. SWAT! Divide into two teams. One player from each team holds a fly swatter or something similar. When a question is called out, the first person to land their swatter on the designated target gets the first chance to answer. The team with the correct answer gets a point, and then two new players get the swatters. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_4) Here are suggestions on how to use the slides on pathology: 1. As a homework assignment, give each student a different pathology to research and present to the rest of the class. When the name of that pathology appears on the screen, the student stands and briefly states what he or she has discovered about the pathology. Pictures as well as links to informative videos or websites can be emailed to the instructor or can be posted on an online Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_5) 2. Go to the Davis Plus image ancillary and show the pictures. Ask the students to call out the name of the pathology. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Structure and Function Terms  GI System  Peristalsis  Oral or Buccal Cavity  LES  Ingestion  Peritoneum  Mechanical Digestion  Rugae  Saliva  Fundus, Body, Pyloris  Tongue  Gastric Secretions  Bolus  Chyme  Uvula  Pyloric Sphincter  Pharynx  Small Intestine  Esophagus  Duodenum, Jejunum,  Epiglottis Ileum  Villi Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Structure and Function (continued_1) Terms  Ileocecal Valve  Liver  Cecum  Gallbladder  Appendix  Pancreas  Ascending Colon  Transverse Colon  Descending Colon  Sigmoid Colon  Feces  Defecation Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Structure and Function (continued_2) Gastrointestinal System Note the tongue, pharynx, and esophagus. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition 1. _ GI system 2. _ Oral or buccal cavity 3. _ Ingestion A. The mouth B. Taking a bite of food C. All structures of the alimentary canal, from the mouth to the anus, and the accessory organs Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_1) 1. _ Mechanical digestion 2. _ Saliva 3. _ Tongue A. Allows us to taste food and helps to form chewed food into a bolus B. A fluid secreted by the salivary glands; contains a chemical that starts to break down starches C. The process in which food is broken down into smaller parts by the teeth and tongue Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_2) 1. _ Bolus 2. _ Uvula 3. _ Pharynx A. Soft tissue that hangs from the upper back of the mouth and prevents food from entering the nasal cavity as we eat B. A rounded mass of chewed food that is ready to be swallowed C. Funnel-shaped tissue at the back of the mouth that extends down to the Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_3) 1. _ Esophagus 2. _ Epiglottis 3. _ Peristalsis A. A long, tube like structure that passes through the diaphragm and connects to the stomach B. Muscular contractions that move the food bolus downward into the stomach and move chyme through the small intestine C. Doorway to the trachea; a small flap of cartilage at the top of the Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_4) 1. _ LES 2. _ Peritoneum 3. _ Rugae A. A muscular opening between the esophagus and the stomach that prevents backflow of gastric secretions B. A membrane that lines the abdominal cavity C. Folds that line the stomach allowing it to expand when we eat a large Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_5) 1. _ Fundus, body, pyloris 2. _ Gastric secretions 3. _ Chyme A. A material made up of chewed food, saliva, and digestive juices B. The upper, middle, and lower portions of the stomach C. Very acidic fluids that continue to break down food, preparing it for absorption within the intestines Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Structure and Function (continued_3) Gastrointestinal System Note the small intestine, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, and colon. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_6) 1. _ Pyloric sphincter 2. _ Small intestine 3. _ Duodenum, jejunum, ileum A. A very long, narrow, tubelike structure in which the majority of digestion is completed and most nutrients are absorbed B. Upper, middle, and end portion of the small intestine C. Releases chyme from the pylorus into the small intestine a little at a Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_7) 1. _ Villi 2. _ Ileocecal valve 3. _ Cecum A. The first part of the large intestine B. A valve through which products of digestion pass from the small intestine to the large intestine C. Fingerlike structures that increase the surface area of the small intestine Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_8) 1. _ Appendix 2. _ Ascending colon 3. _ Transverse colon A. The structure that progresses upward from the cecum B. A structure that hangs from the cecum in which normal bacteria may be stored to repopulate the GI tract C. The portion of the colon that passes horizontally across the uppermost part of the abdomen Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_9) 1. _ Descending colon 2. _ Sigmoid colon 3. _ Feces A. The portion of the colon found along the left side of the abdomen B. The waste product that is excreted through the process of defecation C. The portion of the colon that descends into the rectum Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Structure and Function (continued_4) Gastrointestinal System Note the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_10) 1. _ Liver 2. _ Gallbladder 3. _ Pancreas A. The largest glandular organ of the body B. A small sac found on the inner surface of the liver; acts as a storage pouch for bile C. An organ that secretes substances, which neutralize stomach acids and break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon, which work cooperatively to maintain healthy blood glucose levels Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Combining Forms  an/o  cholecyst/o  append/o  choledoch/o  appendic/o  col/o  bil/i  colon/o  bucc/o  dent/o  cec/o  odont/o  cheil/o  duoden/o  labi/o  enter/o  chol/e  esophag/o  cholangi/o  gastr/o Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Combining Forms (continued)  gingiv/o  phag/o  gloss/o  pharyng/o  lingu/o  proct/o  hepat/o  pylor/o  ile/o  rect/o  jejun/o  sial/o  lapar/o  sigmoid/o  or/o  steat/o  pancreat/o  stomat/o  pept/o Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition 1. _ sial/o 2. _ ile/o 3. _ col/o A. Colon B. Ileum C. Saliva, salivary gland Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_1) 1. _ pept/o 2. _ bucc/o 3. _ chol/e A. Cheek B. Digestion C. Bile, gall Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_2) 1. _ dent/o 2. _ hepat/o 3. _ steat/o A. Teeth B. Fat C. Liver Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_3) 1. _ cholecyst/o 2. _ colon/o 3. _ cec/o A. Gallbladder B. Colon C. Cecum Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_4) 1. _ phag/o 2. _ gingiv/o 3. _ enter/o A. Small intestine B. Eating, swallowing C. Gums Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_5) 1. _ gloss/o 2. _ bil/i 3. _ esophag/o A. Bile B. Esophagus C. Tongue Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_6) 1. _ jejun/o 2. _ cheil/o 3. _ an/o A. Anus B. Lip C. Jejunum Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_7) 1. _ append/o 2. _ labi/o 3. _ or/o A. Lip B. Appendix C. Mouth Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_8) 1. _ pylor/o 2. _ odont/o 3. _ rect/o A. Pylorus B. Rectum C. Teeth Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_9) 1. _ lingu/o 2. _ appendic/o 3. _ lapar/o A. Tongue B. Appendix C. Abdomen, abdominal wall Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_10) 1. _ sigmoid/o 2. _ pharyng/o 3. _ choledoch/o A. Common bile duct B. Sigmoid colon C. Pharynx Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_11) 1. _ gastr/o 2. _ pancreat/o 3. _ duoden/o A. Pancreas B. Duodenum C. Stomach Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_12) 1. _ cholangi/o 2. _ proct/o 3. _ stomat/o A. Mouth, mouthlike opening B. Rectum, anus C. Bile duct Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Correct Term for Each Abbreviation? N&V _ GI _ PUD _ Ab d _ GER D _ BRP _ BM _ ERCP UGI _ IBS _ PR _ LFT _ CA _ NG _ EGD _ _ IBD _ PO _ SBO _ NPO _ Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pathologies  achalasia (ăk-ă-LĀ-zē-ă)  anorexia nervosa (ăn-ō-RĔK-sē-ă nĕr-VŌ-să)  appendicitis (ă-pĕn-dĭ-SĪ-tĭs)  ascites cavity (ă-SĪ-tēz)  bowel obstruction (BOW-ĕl ŏb- STRŬK-shŭn)  bulimia nervosa (bū-LĒ-mē-ă nĕr-VŌ-să)  Campylobacter infection (kăm-pĭ-lō-BĂK-tĕr ĭn-FĔK- shŭn)  celiac disease (SĒ-lē-ăk dĭ-ZĒZ) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pathologies (continued_1)  cholecystitis (kō-lē-sĭs-TĪ-tĭs)  cholelithiasis (kō-lă-lĭ-THĪ-ăs-ĭs)  cirrhosis (sĭ-RŌ-sĭs)  Crohn disease (krōn dĭ-ZĒZ)  diverticulitis (dī-vĕr-tĭk-ū-LĪ-tĭs)  diverticulosis (dī-vĕr-tĭk-ū-LŌ- sĭs)  E. coli O157:H7 infection (ē KŌ-lī ĭn-FĔK- shŭn)  emesis (ĔM-ĕ-sĭs) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pathologies (continued_2)  esophageal varices (ē-sŏf-ă-JĒ-ăl VĂR- ĭ-sēz)  esophagitis (ē-sŏf-ă-JĪ-tĭs)  food poisoning (fūd POY-zun-ing)  gastritis (găs-TRĪ-tĭs)  gastroenteritis (găs-trō-ĕn-tĕr-Ī- tĭs)  hepatitis (hĕp-ă-TĪ-tĭs)  hernia (HĔR-nē-ă) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pathologies (continued_3)  hiatal hernia (hī-Ā-tăl HĔR-nē-ă)  intussusception (ĭn-tŭ-sŭ-SĔP- shŭn)  irritable bowel syndrome (ĬR-ĭt-ă-bul BOW-ĕl SĬN-drōm)  jaundice (JAWN-dĭs)  malabsorption syndrome (măl-ăb-SŌRP-shŭn SĬN-drōm)  malnutrition (măl-nū-TRĬ-shŭn)  oral herpes (OR-ăl HĔR-pēz)  oral thrush (OR-ăl thrŭsh)  pancreatitis (păn-krē-ă-TĪ-tĭs) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pathologies (continued_4)  peptic ulcer (PĔP-tĭk ŬL-sĕr)  peritonitis (pĕr-ĭ-tō-NĪ-tĭs)  pseudomembranous enterocolitis (soo-dō-MĔM-brān-ŭs ĕn-tĕr- ō-kō-LĪ-tĭs)  salmonellosis (săl-mō-nĕ-LŌ-sĭs)  short bowel syndrome (shōrt BOW-ĕl SĬN-drōm)  small bowel obstruction (SBO) (smăl BOW-ĕl ŏb- STRŬK-shŭn)  ulcerative colitis (ŬL-sĕr-ā-tĭv kō-LĪ-tĭs)  volvulus (VŎL-vū-lŭs) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures  Barium enema: Enema containing a substance that shows up clearly under x-ray and fluoroscopic examination  Barium swallow: X-ray examination of the esophagus after the patient has swallowed a liquid that contains barium  Computed tomography (CT) scan: Computerized collection and translation of multiple x-rays into a three-dimensional picture, creating a more detailed and accurate image Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_1)  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERC P): Radiographic examination through a fiberoptic endoscope of vessels that connect the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas to the duodenum after injection of a radiopaque material Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? Computerized collection _ and translation of multiple x-rays into a three- dimensional picture, creating a more detailed and accurate image than traditional x-rays Enema containing a _ substance that shows up clearly under x-ray and fluoroscopic examination Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? (continued_1) Radiographic examination _ through a fiberoptic endoscope of vessels that connect the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas to the duodenum after injection of a radiopaque material X-ray examination of the _ esophagus after the patient has swallowed a liquid that contains Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_2)  Fecal occult blood test (Hemoccult®): Test of fecal specimen for presence of hidden blood  Gastroccult®: Test of gastric contents for pH level and presence of blood  Helicobacter pylori test: Test that detects the presence of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), the most common cause of gastric ulcers Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? (continued_2) Test that detects the _ presence of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), the most common cause of gastric ulcers Test of fecal specimen _ for presence of hidden blood Exploration of abdominal _ contents with a laparoscope Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_3)  Liver function tests (LFTs): Tests, ’ including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), that determine the liver’s ability to perform its many complex functions  Lower endoscopy: Visual examination of the GI tract from the rectum to cecum; variations include the colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and proctoscopy  Lower GI x-ray: X-ray of the large intestine after rectal instillation of Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? (continued_3) _ Visual examination of the GI tract from the rectum to cecum; variations include the colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and proctoscopy Tests, including aspartate _ aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), that determine the liver’s ability to Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? (continued_4) X-ray of the large _ intestine after rectal instillation of barium sulfate Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_4)  Stool culture: Examination of a fecal specimen for abnormal bacteria and other microorganisms  Ultrasound: Test in which ultrahigh-frequency sound waves are used to outline the shapes of various body structures  Upper endoscopy: Visual examination of the GI tract, from the esophagus to duodenum Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_5)  Upper GI x-ray (UGI): X-ray that involves the use of a contrast medium to help visualize abdominal organs, including the stomach and esophagus Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? (continued_5) X-ray that involves the _ use of a contrast medium to help visualize abdominal organs, including the stomach and esophagus Examination of a fecal _ specimen for abnormal bacteria and other microorganisms Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? (continued_6) Test in which ultrahigh- _ frequency sound waves are used to outline the shapes of various body structures Visual examination of the _ GI tract, from the esophagus to duodenum Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pharmacology Therapeutic Classification Common Use Reduces diarrhea by slowing Anti-diarrheal forward propulsion of intestinal contents Prevents or treats nausea and Anti-emetic vomiting Blocks histamine to reduce Histamine 2 blocker stomach acidity Increases water in the intestinal Osmotic-type laxative tract to soften and increase bowel movements Decreases amount of acid in the Proton pump inhibitor stomach Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Therapeutic Classification? Therapeutic Classification Common Use _ Prevents or treats nausea and vomiting _ Reduces diarrhea by slowing forward propulsion of intestinal contents _ Decreases amount of acid in the stomach _ Increases water in the intestinal tract to soften and increase bowel movements _ Blocks histamine to reduce stomach acidity Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company