Nafs and Qalb From Islamic Perspective - Chapter 5
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Psychology of Da'wah 4153
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This document discusses the concept of Nafs and Qalb from an Islamic perspective. It explores different aspects including the meaning, characteristics, ways to control the self, and the various degrees of the soul. Note the document doesn't seem to be an exam paper but rather a chapter on a religious topic, thus using other instead of past_paper or practice questions.
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CHAPTER 5 NAFS AND QALB FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE AL-NAFS MEANING CHARACTERISTICS WAYS TO CONTROL OR GUIDE AL-NAFS DEGREE OF NAFS MEANING OF AL-NAFS ACCORDING TO THE QUR’AN 1. Origin of creation – Al-Nisa’, 4: 1 2. Spirit (ruh) –Al-Zumar, 39: 42 3. Inner strength – Al...
CHAPTER 5 NAFS AND QALB FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE AL-NAFS MEANING CHARACTERISTICS WAYS TO CONTROL OR GUIDE AL-NAFS DEGREE OF NAFS MEANING OF AL-NAFS ACCORDING TO THE QUR’AN 1. Origin of creation – Al-Nisa’, 4: 1 2. Spirit (ruh) –Al-Zumar, 39: 42 3. Inner strength – Al-Najm: 53: 23 4. Individual self – Yusuf, 12: 26 5. Person (Insan) – Al-Maidah, 5: 45 Encouragement of al-Qur’an to study al-Nafs Al-Rūm, 30: 8 Al-Dhāriyāt, 51: 20-21 Fussilat, 41: 53 Al-Kahfi, 18: 51 CHARACTERISTICS OF AL-NAFS 1. Inclined to ownership/power. (Ali ‘Imran, 3: 14) 2. Hasty (Al-Anbiya’, 21:37; Al-Isra’, 17: 11; Al-Fajr 89: 15-16) 3. Contentious (Al-Nahl, 16: 111; Al-Kahfi 18: 54) 4. Inclined to enmity (Toha, 20: 123) 5. A social creature (Al-Hujurat, 49: 13) 6. Inclined to religion and worship (Al-Rum, 30: 30) WAYS TO CONTROL/GUIDE AL- NAFS 1.Purify and educate it so that it is strong to face tribulations (Ali ‘Imran, 3: 186) 2. Place it at the right position: not to be praised too much, not to disdain too much (Al-Najm: 32; Ali ‘Imran: 188) 3. Train it to achieve the noble quality of akhlaq (Ali ‘Imran, 3: 159 –on ways to train it) 4.Educate it to obey Allah by ways of targhib (encouragement to do good) and tarhib (warn it against bad by remembering the power of Allah) 5. Always relate it with its Creator by zikrullah – tasbih, tahmid, takbir (Al-A’raf, 7: 205) DEGREES OF AL-NAFS 1.Al-Nafs al-Malhamah (Al-Shams: 7-8) – Al-Razi: nafs also has the capability to hear see, imagine, think and remember 2. Al-Nafs al-Ammarah (Yusuf, 12: 53) - Ibn Qayyim (1961) : Injustice causes nafs to be inclined to evil 3. Al-Nafs al-Lawwamah (Al-Qiyamah: 201) - Al-Shawkani (1383): it refers to the state of soul which always regret of itself, wants to do more good, leave evil – hope that it does not commit sin 4. Al-Nafs al-Zakiyyah (Al-Shams: 9) - The soul which is purified. It is detached from false beliefs, evil actions, foul words, 5. Al-Nafs al-Mutmainnah (Al-Fajr: 27-30) - Free from all impurities. - Qurtubi: it is esteemed – has strong sense of confidence, and calm. This is due to the strong belief (iman) in Allah. Ibn ‘Abbas: calm because of remembering the rewards and pleasure by Allah. Mujahid: content to the qadha’ of Allah - 4 characteristics of this nafs: - A. Rāḍiah – pleased with the bounties of Allah - B. Marḍiah – able to attain the pleasure of Allah - C. A good (ṣaliḥ) servant - D. A member of jannah
