Migration Chapter 3 Lecture PDF

Chapter 3 Lecture Chapter 3 Migration Tim Scharks Green River College © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  Migration: Key Issues 1. Where Are the World’s Mi...

Chapter 3 Lecture Chapter 3 Migration Tim Scharks Green River College © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  Migration: Key Issues 1. Where Are the World’s Migrants Distributed? 2. Where Do People Migrate Within a Country? 3. Why Do People Migrate? 4. Why Do Migrants Face Challenges? © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  Key Issue 1: Where Are the World’s Migrants Distributed? 1.1 Introducing Migration 1.2 International Net Migration 1.3 International and Internal Migration 1.4 Changing U.S. Immigration © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  1.1 Introducing Migration Migration: permanent move to new location – emigration: moving from a location – immigration: moving to a location – net migration: immigration minus emigration Mobility: one’s ability to move from place to place – Not all mobility is migration. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  1.1 World Emigrants Figure 3-2: Each square of this cartogram equals 100,000 people leaving the country. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  1.1 World Emigrants Figure 3-3: Each square of this cartogram equals 100,000 people entering the country. Compare to Figure 3-2; the difference between the figures represents net migration. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  1.2 International Net Migration International migration: movement between two countries Migration transition: migration patterns change with demographic transition (Zelinsky) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  1.2 International Net Migration Figure 3-4: Major international flows in 2014 were out of South Asia, East Asia, and Latin America and into North America and Southwest Asia. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  1.2 Immigrants and Emigrants Figure 3-6: Every region has a large difference between its immigration and emigration. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  1.2 Migration Transition Table 3-1: Wilbur Zelinsky’s migration transition model observes the type of migration changes with stages of the demographic transition. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  1.3 International and Internal Migration International migration can be voluntary forced Internal migration: movement within one country Interregional: movement from one region to a different one Intraregional: movement within one region © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  1.3 International and Internal Migration Figure 3-7: Mexico’s migration flows are both international and internal. Internal flows are both intra- and interregional. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  1.4 Changing U.S. Immigration Figure 3-10: Two centuries of immigration to the United States. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  Key Issue 2: Where do People Migrate Within a Country? 2.1 Interregional Migration in the United States 2.2 Interregional Migration in Other Large Countries 2.3 Intraregional Migration © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  2.1 Changing Center of U.S. Population U.S. center of population has moved westward and south. Movement reflects changing transportation and economics. Figure 3-12: Changing Center of U.S. Population © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  2.1 Interregional Migration in the U.S. Figure 3-13: Recent net migration trends are to the South. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  2.2 Interregional Migration in Canada Figure 3-14: Canada’s interregional migration patterns are to the west, like U.S. historical trend. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  2.2 Interregional Migration in Russia Figure 3-15: Russia’s interregional migration patterns show the reversal of earlier attempts to populate its Asian regions. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  2.2 Interregional Migration in China Figure 3-16: Interregional migration in China reflects movement towards large coastal cities. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  2.2 Interregional Migration in Brazil Figure 3-17: Brazil’s interregional migrations show evidence of development of the interior. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  2.3 Intraregional Migration Rural to urban migration most common in developing countries. Urban to suburban common in developed countries. Urban to rural (counterurbanization) observed in some cases. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  2.3 Internal Migration in India Figure 3-19: Migration flows in India are mostly from rural states (green) to more urbanized states (dark brown). © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  2.3 Intraregional Migration: United States Figure 3-20: The largest U.S. intraregional migration flow is from the city to the suburbs. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  Key Issue 3: Why Do People Migrate? 3.1 Cultural Reasons for Migrating 3.2 Environmental Reasons for Migrating 3.3 Migrating to Find Work 3.4 Gender and Age of Migrants © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  3.1 Why Do People Migrate? Combination of push and pull factors Cultural push: fleeing violent conflict/persecution – refugees, internally displaced persons, asylum seekers Environmental push: floods, droughts Pull factors: better cultural, environmental conditions © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  3.1 Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons Figure 3-22: Afghanistan and Syria are presently the sources of the largest numbers of refugees. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  3.1 Trail of Tears Figure 3-23: The forced migration of Native Americans took place in the 1830s. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  3.2 Environmental Push Factors Figures 3-24 and 3-25: Flooding in Jakarta, Indonesia (top) and the Mississippi River, U.S. (bottom) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  3.2 Environmental Push Factors Figures 3-26 and 3-27: Desertification risk in Africa (left) and water sources in the dry season in Tanzania (right) © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  3.3 Migrating to Find Work Economic push and pull factors cause majority of migration. Major flows of migration are between Asian countries and out of Asia. Remittances: payments sent home by migrants © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  3.3 Net Migration in Ireland Figure 3-28: Economic recession transformed economic pull factors into push factors. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  3.3 International Migration Flows, 2005–2010 Figure 3-29: Large migration flows are between countries in Asia and out of Asia, with the exception of Latin America to North America. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  3.3 International Migration Flows, 2005–2010 Figure 3-31: India and China receive the largest total value of remittances; the largest sources are the United States, Russia, © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. and New Zealand.  3.4 Gender and Age of Migrants Figure 3-32: Slightly more than half of migrants to developed countries are female. Migrants to South Asia are more likely to be male. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  3.4 Gender and Age of Migrants Figure 3-34: International migrants to the United States are disproportionately between ages 20 and 39. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  Key Issue 4: Why Do Migrants Face Challenges? 4.1 Government Immigration Policies 4.2 U.S. Quota Laws 4.3 U.S.–Mexico Border Issues 4.4 Europe’s Immigration Crisis © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  4.1 Government Immigration Policies Figure 3-36: Immigration policies vary around the world, but few countries have targeted increasing immigration. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  4.1 Unauthorized Immigrants in the U.S. Figure 3-37: Slightly more than half of unauthorized immigrants are from Mexico. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  4.1 Unauthorized Immigrants in the U.S. Figure 3-38: Texas and California have the largest numbers of unauthorized immigrants. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  4.2 U.S. Quota Laws 1924: 2% of U.S. base population by country 1965: quotas by hemisphere (Eastern and Western) totaling 290,000 per year 1978: global quota of 290,000 per year 1990: quota raised to 700,000 per year Preferences for family reunification, skilled workers, and diversity criterion Skilled worker preference criticized for “brain drain.” © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  4.3 U.S.–Mexico Border Issues Figure 3-41: Policy concerning unauthorized migration from Mexico is a contentious topic. Debate includes the level of border enforcement, the role of unauthorized workers in the economy, and protecting the civil rights of U.S. citizens. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  4.4 Europe’s Immigration Crisis Europe home to many migrants from North Africa and Eastern Europe – guest worker programs 1960s–70s New influxes of refugees from Southwest Asia Increased hostility to immigrants in many European countries © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  4.4 Net Migration in Europe Figure 3-44: Eastern Europe is a source region of migrants moving to Western and Northern Europe. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  4.4 Refugee Flows in Europe Figure 3-45: Eastern European countries are along the route of refugees traveling to Western and Northern Europe. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  Chapter 3 End © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.