CHAPTER 2.docx
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CHAPTER 2 You need to know the generic names of medications. Prototypical drugs – First drug in a class of drugs. Drugs are grouped together based on similar properties into two classifications – Structure and Therapeutic use. An example of structure drug classification is beta blocker. An example...
CHAPTER 2 You need to know the generic names of medications. Prototypical drugs – First drug in a class of drugs. Drugs are grouped together based on similar properties into two classifications – Structure and Therapeutic use. An example of structure drug classification is beta blocker. An example of therapeutic use classification is penicillin. Dissolving of solid dosage forms and their absorption – Dissolution Pharmaceutics - The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body. Pharmacokinetics – The study of what happens to a drug from the time of administration to when it is all gone from the body. Absorption – the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues. Distribution – the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action. Drugs are distributed first to those areas with extensive blood supply. Areas of rapid distribution include the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. Areas of slow distribution include the muscle, skin, and fat. The organ most responsible for the metabolism of drugs is the liver. Excretion – The elimination of drugs from the body. The primary organ responsible for elimination is the kidneys. Pharmacodynamics is the study of what the drug does to the body. Pharmacotherapeutics is the clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases. Toxicology is the science of the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on living organisms. An example of toxicity would be giving a patient 1 dose of lithium and they have no problem, the second dose they seem tired, the third dose altered BP, and another dose then cardiac arrest. Pharmacognosy is the study of plants and animals. With pharmacognosy make sure you take allergies into consideration! Bioavailability is what you have left over of the medication after metabolism. First pass effect is the large proportion of a drug which is chemically changed into inactive metabolites by the liver. Half-Life is the time required for half of a given drug to be removed from the body. Peak level is the highest blood level of a drug. Trough level is the lowest blood level of a drug. Toxicity occurs if the peak blood level of the drug is too high. Pharmacotherapeutics is the clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases. Acute therapy is used to treat the critically ill often to sustain life or treat disease. Maintenance therapy is used for the treatment of chronic illness. Treatment of hypertension is an example of maintenance therapy. Vasopressors, volume expanders, and intensive chemo are examples of acute therapy. Supplemental therapy supplies the body with a substance to maintain normal function. An example of supplemental therapy is the administration of insulin. Palliative therapy is used to make the patient feel comfortable and relieve their pain, and symptoms and has a goal of treating the patient and their family during the end stages of an illness when attempts at curative therapy have failed. Supportive therapy is used to maintain the integrity of body functions while the patient is recovering from illness or trauma. An example of supportive therapy is administering fluids when a patient is dehydrated or blood to a patient who lost blood after surgery. Prophylactic therapy is drug therapy provided to prevent illness and other undesirable outcomes during planned events. An example of prophylactic therapy is the use of preoperative antibiotics for surgical procedures. The therapeutic index is the range between when a drug is toxic or not. Antidotes have antagonistic effects. Steven Johnson Syndrome is an example of adverse drug reaction. Medication errors can occur during prescribing, dispensing, administering, and monitoring. Idiosyncratic reactions are unpredictable reactions that occur in only a small percentage of patients receiving the drug.
