Chapter 1A - Understanding Moral Values PDF

1 Chapter 1A __________________________ Understanding Moral & Value  2 At the end of the lesson, students should be able to: 1) Define ethics, morals and values Learning 2)...

1 Chapter 1A __________________________ Understanding Moral & Value  2 At the end of the lesson, students should be able to: 1) Define ethics, morals and values Learning 2) Differentiate different types Outcomes 3) of moral values Understand normative and descriptive statements 4) Use the normative and descriptive statements in their moral discussion.  3 Discussion Is Moral Education important to you??  4 What is Ethics? Derived from the Greek word ‘ethos’ which means custom or usage (Ashmore, R. B. 1987). According to Grassian, V. (1981), it is a philosophical study of morality about: 1. Good behavior 2. Moral attitude 3. Moral duty 4. Moral responsibility 5. Social justice 6. Characteristics of a good life.  5 What is Ethics? Usually, the word ethics is used formally and not used in normal life or in everyday conversation. Involves history of how humans conceive legalities in court of law – something can be ethically right but morally questionable. Example: Malaysian law allowed for the death punishment, but human rights activists question the morality of the law.  6 What is Morals? Derived from the Latin word ‘mores’ which gives the same meaning as ethics. Usually, it is related to the tradition of the society. A formal and informal rules that are adhered to by society. A social instrument that guides individuals or groups in their daily lives Culture is often an important factor in defining morals. Example like calling an adult people with their name.  7 What is Values? Principles or standards of behaviour; one’s judgement of what is important in life (Oxford Dictionary) The principles that help you to decide what is right and wrong, and how to act in various situations (Cambridge Dictionary) It can also be related to morals/ethics or not depending on the function of the sentence.  8 What is Values? There are several functions of ‘value’: 1. Economic perspective – price, currency 2. Aesthetic feeling – music, design, abstract 3. The quality of something – the perception that something is better, more important, more useful or higher level. 4. Relating to morals and ethics definition.  9 Moral Values It is a social standard which is accepted by an individual or society. It becomes a guidance on the human’s behavior and character. Sometimes, moral value changes from time to time in different contexts.  10 Moral Values Types of Moral Value: 1. Indicates a relationship between values - Extrinsic & Intrinsic 2. Demonstrates someone’s view about value - Subjective & Objective 3. Shows what is evaluated - Relative & Absolute  11 Moral Values Instrumental/Extrinsic Values Intrinsic Values Something that is accepted or Something that is accepted or rejected to achieve a certain rejected because it is good or objective. bad without considering the consequences. Depend on one value to Not depend on other values to achieve another value. achieve certain objectives. The Second value level: brave, stated value is the final respect, objective. First value level: kind-hearted, affection, love towards others  12 Moral Values Instrumental/Extrinsic Values Intrinsic Values Example: Example: Someone who is courageous An employee who is very enough to jump into a river to committed in carrying out his save a drowning child is said to duties. The committed is an have the instrumental value of example of intrinsic value. The courage (first value) in order to value is not related to other save a life (second value). value.  13 Moral Values Subjective Values Objective Values Something that is accepted or Something that is accepted or rejected based on individual's rejected based on majority or own opinion. other people’s opinion. Example: Example: Everyone have their own opinion Some parties or organizations about drug issue in Malaysia. have their own opinion about drug issue in Malaysia.  14 Moral Values Relative Values Absolute Values Something that is accepted or Something that is accepted or rejected based on regulation in rejected because it is generally a society in order to achieve accepted. Also has proven to be certain societal objective. good or bad value Different between communities Example: Example: Malaysians think it is not good Law is necessary for a country. on the free sex. But western people does not consider it is The criminals must be punished. bad.  15 Statements Statements Normative Statements Descriptive Statements  17 Statements Statements Normative Statements Descriptive Statements Expresses a judgment about Describes facts or what should be done or observations about the what is right or wrong, world without making based on moral or practical values. judgments.  18 Statements Type of Statement Example Statement Explanation Descriptive Statement Some students choose to study in the This statement simply describes library after school. what some students do without judging whether it's good or bad. Normative Statement Students should study in the library after This statement suggests what school to improve their grades. students ought to do, based on the belief that it will help them perform better. Descriptive Statement People often help their friends when they This statement observes a need it. common behavior without saying whether it's right or wrong. Normative Statement It’s important to help your friends because This statement makes a judgment it’s the right thing to do. about what is morally right, telling people they should help their friends. Descriptive Statement Some kids like to share their toys, and some This statement tells us what do not. different kids do without making a judgment. Normative Statement Kids should share their toys because This statement expresses a value sharing is kind and fair. that sharing is good and tells kids what they should do.  19 Statements Statements Normative Statements Descriptive Statements Moral Non-Moral normative normative  21 Statements Statements Normative Statements Desciptive Statement (Value judgement) A value judgement that points out what Moral normative is bad or good attitude, right or wrong act, acceptable or unacceptable Non-Moral normative Other than moral values  22 Type of Statement Definition Example Statement Explanation "People should help others in This statement suggests what Expresses judgments about Normative (Moral) Statement need because it is the right people ought to do based what is morally right or wrong. thing to do." on moral values. Suggests what should be This statement advises on Normative (Non-Moral) done based on practical or "People should follow traffic what should be done for Statement efficiency considerations, rules to avoid accidents." safety and order, without without moral implications. making a moral judgment. Another term for descriptive This statement observes a statements; describes or "Many people enjoy eating common preference without Descriptive Statement reports facts without value pizza." implying anything about its judgments. rightness or wrongness. Descriptive Statement Describes facts or "The sun rises in the east." This statement simply states a observations about the world fact about the world. without making judgments.  23 Activity Following are descriptive statements: I am a doctor. This is a watermelon. I installed the internet on my laptop. Based on these descriptive statements, change them to normative moral and normative non- moral statements.  24 Statements Normative Non-Moral Descriptive Statement Normative Moral Statement Statement Doctors should maintain Doctors should always prioritize I am a doctor. professional standards and patient care and empathy. keep their skills updated. Watermelons are a good People should eat fruits like This is a watermelon. choice for a refreshing summer watermelon for a healthy diet. snack. Installing internet on your People should ensure their I installed internet on my laptop should be done devices are secure when laptop. according to proper technical installing internet services. guidelines. Normative Moral Statement: Involves a value judgment about what is right or wrong, often relating to ethical considerations. Normative Non-Moral Statement: Focuses on what should be done based on practical, technical, or efficiency considerations, without a moral component.  25 Conclusion Moral and Ethics have the same meaning and understanding The word value has various meanings including those related to moral/ethics and non - moral/ethical. In our daily lives, there are statements that are found to contain moral and non-moral values.