Globalization & Sustainability Chapter 11 PDF

Chapter 11 Globalization & Sustainability SLIDESMANIA  Key Terms Sustain Sustainability Flags of Convenience Stewardship Ecological Footprint SLIDESMANIA ...

Chapter 11 Globalization & Sustainability SLIDESMANIA  Key Terms Sustain Sustainability Flags of Convenience Stewardship Ecological Footprint SLIDESMANIA  Are these sustainable? Sustainability Lumber What is sustainable? Oil & Gas Solar Energy Sustainability is the ability to continually meet our own needs while Plastic Production not sacrificing resources for future Wind Energy generations. Nuclear Energy It asks the question: How can we continue to use our Geothermal Energy resources while still ensuring that SLIDESMANIA future generations will also have access to these resources?  What is “carbon capture and storage” SLIDESMANIA  Impact from the Industrial Revolution Human Impact What is the best scientific evidence of the impact of human development on the environment? Is it sustainable? Is continual economic growth sustainable on this planet in the way we have been “progressing” since the Industrial Revolution? SLIDESMANIA  What is your ecological footprint? https://www.footprintcalculator.org/ Ecological Footprint measures how many resources, and how much area, you require to live. It is measured in global hectares (gha) The average person uses 2.75 Earths. SLIDESMANIA  What about airplanes? SLIDESMANIA  Fuel Efficient Air Travel Leaner burn of he engine an a specific temperature - do you think this is happening because of the environment OR because it saves money for the companies] aerodynamic wider - more people sustainable aviation fuel - biofuel newer engine - larger bypass ratio ….. hydrogen fuel SLIDESMANIA  Consumption in Canadian Cities Why do Edmonton and Calgary consume the most? How could Edmonton and Calgary reduce their footprints? SLIDESMANIA  Average Temperatures - Dec to mid-Feb SLIDESMANIA  Bangladesh’s Footprint People in Bangladesh use 0.5 gha per person. Canada has a gha of 8.1. The high levels of poverty contribute to the low gha value. Bangladesh also has a very high Because of lower income levels, population density in major cities they consume less, and therefore such as Dhaka. produce less waste. SLIDESMANIA gha = global hectare  What if Asia’s consumption was the same as North America? SLIDESMANIA  Global Footprint SLIDESMANIA  The Resource Gap What is the Resource Gap? It is the gap between what the Earth can reasonably supply and what the average human consumes. Current Consumption We can reasonably supply 1.89 hectares but on average we’re consuming 2.8 hectares per person globally What does this have to do with Globalization? SLIDESMANIA Should certain resources be free for all people?  Population Over the next four Growth or five decades, the world’s population is expected to grow by 2 to 5 billion. The Problem is that earth’s resources are fixed SLIDESMANIA  A Fact Based Worldview In this short video Professor Hans Rosling shows that already back in the 1950’s the UN population experts were able to predict very precisely the population growth for the next 50 years. The forecasts made today predict that by the end of the century, there will be around 11 billion people in the world. The track record of the UN statisticians shows that their global SLIDESMANIA forecasts have been very accurate historically.  The Kogi People They’re an isolated tribe in Colombia. The Kogi people have remained relatively isolated from the rest of the globalized world. Only select documentarians have been allowed on their lands. They live a life closely tied to their environment. The Kogi believe that we are the caretakers of the Earth, and they are in tune with any shifts in the environment. Their childhoods are spent growing their connection to the world around them. They see an environmental disaster approaching. These feelings of environmental disaster are supported by SLIDESMANIA scientists who also recognized environmental stability.  Lifecycle of a Ship Transportation and shipping are important aspects of globalization ○ Moves goods and materials between manufacturers, suppliers, and consumers Following the life cycles of ships reveals an important connection between globalization and sustainability… Ships have a lifespan of 25-30 years before it costs more to maintain than it does to buy new In recent years, shipbuilders have struggled to keep up with demand ○ Between 2000-2005, ship demand grew 8.% a year, causing a 4-5 year backlog of orders In 1970, ships were mainly built in Europe and USA As shipbuilding is labour intensive, the industry moved to Asia where labour was cheaper Initially, Japan and South Korea dominated the market SLIDESMANIA ○ This has shifted towards China as labour is cheap  Environmental Impacts of Shipbuilding Shipyards are massive production spaces ○ larger areas = larger risk of pollution ○ uses hazardous materials ○ large amounts of resources ○ Lead coating/paint to combat saltwater ○ Toxic coatings to combat barnacle growth Ships use only 3% of the fossil fuels consumed globally ○ They produce 15% of the nitrogen/sulphur dioxide emissions Ships use bunker fuel - a cheap and dirty fuel ○ A single ship creates as much pollution as 2000 SLIDESMANIA diesel trucks  Ships carry ballast water in the hull to balance the ship during changing sea levels ○ This water is pumped in and out of ships Studies found ballast water pumped out at Canadian ports contained as much as 12 392 marine creatures per cubic metre ○ These creatures can sometime wreak havoc on ecosystems that they are not native to SLIDESMANIA  Shipbuilding SLIDESMANIA SLIDESMANIA  Flags of Convenience Many merchant ships sail under flags of convenience ○ Ships registered to a country other than that of it’s owner. Also known as “flagging out” In 2006, about 64% of shipping vessels were flagged out Advantages of flagging out: ○ Lower costs ○ Ease of registration ○ Weak environmental/labour laws SLIDESMANIA  Shipbreaki ng “Read” the image SLIDESMANIA  What did you notice? - Lack of proper protective equipment - Unstable structure - Lack of professionals - Ship is placed in open water, pollution hidden chemicals into the ocean without filtration - Unclean/Unsafe working environment SLIDESMANIA SLIDESMANIA SLIDESMANIA SLIDESMANIA SLIDESMANIA  HAVE EFFORTS TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABILITY BEEN SUCCESSFUL? Montreal Protocol - Kyoto Protocol - Paris Climate Agreement SLIDESMANIA  Consumption of Resources According to the United Nations, our current rates of consumption will affect sustainability They are promoting the idea of environmental stewardship Stewardship: ○ The responsible use and protection of the natural environment SLIDESMANIA e-waste SLIDESMANIA  Greenwashing SLIDESMANIA