Globalization & Sustainability Chapter 11

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Questions and Answers

What significant prediction did UN population experts make in the 1950s?

Population growth would decline rapidly in the following decades.

The global population would reach around 11 billion by the end of the century. (correct)

The population would stabilize at 5 billion.

The population would decrease due to resource shortages.

How do the Kogi people view their relationship with the Earth?

They see themselves as the caretakers of the Earth. (correct)

They believe humans should dominate nature to thrive.

They think nature is indifferent to human activity.

They believe exploiting resources is essential for survival.

What is the Kogi people's perspective on environmental changes?

They think urban development is necessary for their survival.

They express concern about an approaching environmental disaster. (correct)

They feel indifferent toward environmental stability.

They believe environmental issues will resolve themselves.

What does the fixed nature of Earth’s resources imply?

Human consumption should remain within sustainable limits. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the Kogi people's upbringing contributes to their environmental awareness?

A childhood spent connecting with their surroundings. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical lifespan of a ship before maintenance costs exceed purchasing a new one?

25-30 years Signup and view all the answers

Why has the shipbuilding industry shifted from Europe and the USA to Asia?

Lower labor costs in Asia Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the world's fossil fuels do ships consume?

3% Signup and view all the answers

What environmental impact is associated with shipyards?

Pollution risks due to large production spaces Signup and view all the answers

What is a major environmental concern related to ballast water in ships?

It can introduce non-native species to ecosystems Signup and view all the answers

What type of fuel do ships primarily use that contributes to pollution?

Bunker fuel Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon can occur due to the pumping of ballast water at ports?

Transfer of invasive marine species Signup and view all the answers

What do merchant ships often use that allows them to be registered under a different country from their owner?

Flags of Convenience Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of sustainability?

Continually meeting present needs without compromising future generations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the measure of resources and area required for living?

Ecological footprint Signup and view all the answers

How many Earths does the average person consume worth of resources?

2.75 Earths Signup and view all the answers

What question does sustainability primarily address regarding resource use?

How can we continue using resources while ensuring future generations can access them? Signup and view all the answers

Which energy source is typically considered sustainable?

Solar Energy Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'flags of convenience' in sustainability discussions?

Shipping practices that register vessels in foreign countries for tax benefits Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern regarding continual economic growth since the Industrial Revolution?

It raises questions about its sustainability on our planet. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes stewardship in the context of sustainability?

Taking responsibility for managing resources to benefit future generations. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary advantages of flagging out for shipping vessels?

Lower costs Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as a concern in shipbreaking?

High expertise in dismantling ships Signup and view all the answers

What concept refers to the responsible use and protection of the natural environment?

Environmental stewardship Signup and view all the answers

What common practice is characterized by misleading marketing intended to appear environmentally friendly?

Greenwashing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following international agreements aims to promote sustainability through climate action?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the low gha value in Bangladesh compared to Canada?

High poverty levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the average global consumption of hectares per person, according to the provided data?

2.8 hectares Signup and view all the answers

How could Edmonton and Calgary potentially reduce their environmental footprints?

Implement stricter recycling policies Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Resource Gap' refer to?

The disparity between available resources and consumption levels Signup and view all the answers

What factor significantly affects the consumption levels in major cities like Dhaka in Bangladesh?

High population density Signup and view all the answers

What is one proposed alternative fuel for engines mentioned in the content?

Hydrogen fuel Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is highlighted as a potential future concern regarding the world's population?

Expected population growth by 2 to 5 billion Signup and view all the answers

What type of fuel is mentioned as being sustainable in aviation?

Biofuel Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 11: Globalization & Sustainability

This chapter examines globalization and its impact on sustainability.
Key terms include sustainability, flags of convenience, stewardship, and ecological footprint.
Sustainability is the ability to continually meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Sustainability requires considering how resources are used and preserved for future generations.

Key Terms

Sustainability: The ability to meet current needs without compromising future generations' needs.
Flags of Convenience: Ships registered to a country other than their owner's, often for lower costs or weaker environmental/labor laws.
Stewardship: Responsible use and protection of the natural environment.
Ecological Footprint: Measures how many resources a person or group uses and the area needed to produce those resources.

What is Sustainable?

Sustainability is the ability to continually meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
This concept questions how resources can be used without jeopardizing access to them for future generations.
It asks how we can ensure that future generations will also have access to resources.

What is "carbon capture and storage"?

The presentation mentions "carbon capture and storage" (CCS) but does not elaborate. This concept is left for more thorough study elsewhere.

Impact from the Industrial Revolution

The Anthropocene is a new geologic age marked by human impact on the environment.
Human development has had a significant impact on the environment only recently, specifically within the last 0.01% of known time.
The question of continual economic growth being sustainable is raised.

What is your ecological footprint?

It measures how much area of the earth's resources is required to sustain an individual's or a group's lifestyle.
One unit measurement is in global hectares (gha).
The average person uses the equivalent of 2.75 earths' resources.

What about airplanes?

The presentation shows a map displaying a high concentration of airplane routes over Europe.
Fuel efficiency in airplanes is a potential area of research, concerning temperature specifics of engine burns and how this affects the environment.
Some possible fuel efficiency strategies include aerodynamic solutions to allow more passengers, sustainable aviation fuel, and new engine technology.

Consumption in Canadian Cities

The presentation shows data illustrating carbon footprints per capita for various Canadian cities.
The data shows that some cities consume more resources than others.
Further investigation into reasons for consumption variations and methods for cities to reduce footprints is recommended.

Average Temperatures - Dec to mid-Feb

Geographic temperature map of Canada from December to mid-February.
Data suggests variability in temperature across Canada during this period.

Bangladesh's Footprint

People in Bangladesh use 0.5 global hectares per person.
Canada uses 8.1 global hectares per person, which are far more resources.
Poverty and population density contribute to the differing footprint values.

What if Asia's consumption was the same as North America?

Data is presented in a bar graph comparing the resource consumption per person between North America and other regions.

Global Footprint

The presentation displays a world map showing areas of ecological deficit versus surplus.
It highlights ecological footprint per person and total biocapacity.

The Resource Gap

The resource gap is the difference between what the Earth can supply and what humans consume.
Current consumption exceeds what the Earth can provide on average.

Population Growth

World population is projected to grow to 5 more billion people in the upcoming decades.
This growth will place additional strain on Earth's finite resources.

A Fact-Based Worldview

Historically precise population predictions have been remarkably accurate.
Projections show a large increase in human population in the next 100 years.

The Kogi People

The Kogi people of Colombia live in relative isolation.
They have a close connection to their environment, understanding environmental changes and sustainability.
The Kogi's ideas about living in harmony with the world are supported by scientists.

Lifecycle of a Ship

Transportation and shipping are important facets of globalization.
Ships have a lifecycle of 25-30 years.
Shipbuilding has been increasingly shifting to regions with lower labor costs.

Environmental Impacts of Shipbuilding

Shipyards have a notable impact on the environment, often having much higher risks of pollution in larger areas.
Large amounts of resources are used in shipbuilding.
Ships contribute 15% of the global nitrogen/sulfur dioxide emissions.
Fossil fuel usage by ships compared to diesel trucks is highly impacted.

Ships carry ballast water...

Ships carry ballast water to maintain stability in various water environments.
This introduced water contains marine species and can introduce species into non-native ecosystems.

Shipbuilding

Current data shows the movement of shipbuilding to areas like China with cheaper labor.

Ship Building Global Market Report 2024

Market size and CAGR (compound annual growth rate) data concerning ship building production for the years 2023-2028.

Flags of Convenience

Registered ships to a country other than the owner's country.
Advantages often include lower costs, ease of registration, and/or weaker environmental/labor laws.
Countries offering flags of convenience are included.

Shipbreaking

A process of dismantling old ships, often resulting in environmental/labor issues.
Visual evidence associated with the act of shipbreaking is mentioned.

What did you notice?

Issues involving proper protections, stable structure, professional involvement, and chemical waste issues are discussed.

e-waste

The presentation highlights the issue of electronic waste.

Greenwashing

The concept of greenwashing, which deceptively highlights environmentally friendly aspects lacking true sustainability, is mentioned.

The Montreal Protocol, Kyoto, and Paris Climate Agreements

The Montreal Protocol, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement are examples of international efforts to promote sustainability, and their efficacy is brought to question.

Consumption of Resources

The United Nations' warnings concerning current consumption rates and affecting sustainability are highlighted in the presentation.
The idea of environmental stewardship as an effective practice is promoted, promoting responsible use and protection of the natural environment.

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Description

This quiz explores the relationship between globalization and sustainability as presented in Chapter 11. Key terms covered include ecological footprint, stewardship, and flags of convenience, which are essential for understanding how current practices affect future generations. Test your knowledge on sustainability principles and their implications for the environment.