Reading In Philippine History Chapter 1 PDF

 HISTORY 1. According to Calderon & Gonzales (1993) The search for knowledge and truth. - Integrated narrative description of past events. - Facts written in a spirit of critical inquiry for the whole truth  HISTORY 2. The study of change over...

 HISTORY 1. According to Calderon & Gonzales (1993) The search for knowledge and truth. - Integrated narrative description of past events. - Facts written in a spirit of critical inquiry for the whole truth  HISTORY 2. The study of change over time, and it covers all aspects of human society. - Political, Social, Economic, Scientific, Technological, Medical, Cultural, Intellectual, Religious and Military developments.  HISTORY 3. The discipline that studies the chronological order of events as affecting a nation or people. - based on critical examination of source materials and usually presenting an explanation of their causes.  HISTORY 4. The Science that tries to understand past events. - History attempts to find out answers to many questions by studying the way of thinking of past societies, their actions and the consequences. According to Dizon et. al (2011) and Perry (1999) they enumerated the reasons why we need to study history.  WHY STUDY HISTORY ◈ To learn about our past. Studying history enables us to learn about the lives of our ancestors, their struggles and achievements. ◈ To understand the present. The traditions, system of government, cultural heritage and many other things are products of the past.  WHY STUDY HISTORY ◈ To appreciate our heritage in a broad perspective. Our belief system, patriarchal tradition, common values including our material culture can be understood and appreciated well if we have full understanding of our past.  PAST VS. HISTORY ◈ PAST: - Involves everything that happened. ◈ HISTORY: - Interpreted events, records, and evidences from the past in a thoughtful or informational way. HISTORY VS. PRE-HISTORIC History- Historiography- Historicity * History- “The study of past” * Historiography- “The study of sources, methods, and assumptions used by historians in writing history” * Historicity- “The process of separating fact from legend” Key features of the traditional understanding of history Traditional understanding of history ◈ Chronological Approach: This helps create a narrative that shows the evolution of societies and civilizations. ◈ Emphasis on Political and Military History: Such as wars, revolutions, and the actions of political leaders. This perspective tends to highlight the impact of power structures on the course of history. Traditional understanding of history ◈ Limited Perspectives: Neglecting the experiences and contributions of marginalized groups, including women, minorities, and indigenous peoples. ◈ Reliance on Written Records: The traditional approach heavily relies on written records and documents as primary sources of information. Key features of the Modern understanding of history  Modern understanding of history ◈ Social History: Examining the lives of ordinary people, their daily experiences, and the impact of historical events on different social groups. ◈ Cultural History: Cultural history explores the ways in which culture, including art, literature, religion, and intellectual developments, shapes and is shaped by historical contexts.  Modern understanding of history ◈ Digital History: Digital archives, databases, and tools enable historians to access and analyze vast amounts of information. ◈ Environmental History: This includes the impact of human activities on ecosystems and the reciprocal influence of nature on human history. Reasons why the study of history is essential ◈ To ourselves: To understand our Identity and intensify Critical Thinking Skills. ◈ To Communities: Vital places to Live and Work. To tell Story, Tribal Traditions, and Civic Commemorations. Reasons why the study of history is essential ◈ To Future: Engage Citizens through the heart of Democracy. Leadership to execute proper power. Legacy for the foundation of next generations. DISTINCTION BETWEEN P RIMARY AND S ECONDARY S OURCES  HISTORY HIS- STORY Sanaysay na (Biblical Perspective) ma y s a ys a y  History helps us understand where we came from and why things are how they are. It is a journey through time to learn about the amazing and sometimes challenging moments that have made our society what it is.  It is important to distinguish primary from secondary sources, to identify the degree to which the author of a piece is removed from the actual event being described. As such, every researcher/ scholar should consider the primacy of primary over secondary sources. 2 SOURCES IN HIS TO R Y  PRIMARY SOURCES Written or narrated by a person who directly experienced or participated in the said event. PRIMARY SOURCES DIARIES First- hand experience/ eyewitness testimonies PRIMARY SOURCES First- hand experience/ eyewitness testimonies FOSSILS PRIMARY SOURCES ARTIFACTS First- hand experience/ eyewitness testimonies PRIMARY SOURCES NEWSPAPER First- hand experience/ eyewitness testimonies PRIMARY SOURCES VIDEO First- hand experience/ eyewitness testimonies FOOTAGE  SECONDARY SOURCES Serve as interpretations or readings of primary sources. Usually, the author of a piece incorporates his or her personal insights and interpretations  SECONDARY SOURCES sources usually contain analyses of primary sources by experts, academicians, and professionals TEXTBOOKS  SECONDARY SOURCES sources usually contain analyses of primary sources by experts, academicians, and professionals JOURNALS  SECONDARY SOURCES sources usually contain analyses of primary sources by experts, academicians, and professionals DOCUMENTARY  SECONDARY SOURCES sources usually contain analyses of primary sources by experts, academicians, and professionals  Thus, in conducting historical research, it is important to identify first whether the available sources are primary or secondary sources.  In History, the reliability and validity of a primary source are outmost considered in this branch.  Questions to evaluate the Validity and Credibility of the resources 1. -How did the author know about the given details? -Was the author present at the event? -How soon was the author able to gather the details of the event?  Questions to evaluate the Validity and Credibility of the resources 2. - Where did the information come from? - Is it a personal experience, an eyewitness account, or a report made by another person?  Questions to evaluate the Validity and Credibility of the resources 3. - Did the author conclude based on a single source on many sources of evidence? INTERNAL AND E XTE R NAL C R ITIC IS M  INTERNAL EXTERNAL HIGHER ORDER OF LOWER ORDER OF JUDGEMENT JUDGEMENT AUTHENTICITY OF THE RELIABILITY OF THE SOURCE SOURCE PHYSICAL APPEARANCES/ PURPOSE/ INTENTION TO THE MATERIAL ASPECT OF THE READER SOURCE PHILIPPINE HISTORY ◈ The ancient Filipino concept of history is kasaysayan, which means "significant story(ies)". ◈ It is made up of important narratives that are passed down orally through rituals, songs, genealogies, and folklore. IMPORTANCE OF THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY ◈ Oral History (rituals, chants, victorious stories, folk tales) The main negatives of oral history include:  potential for inaccuracy due to memory lapses,  bias from the individual's perspective,  possibility of embellishment or distortion of events over time. IMPORTANCE OF THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY ◈ Earliest Written History (system of writings)  Laguna Copperplate Inscription (earliest-known, extant, calendar-dated document)  Cave Carving (Angono Petroglyphs- 127 human and animal figures engraved into a rock)  Palm Leaves and Bamboo (baybayin) PHILIPPINE HISTORY OUTLINE: 1. Pre-Hispanic (Indigenous Filipino) 2. Spanish Colonial Period (Religion) 3. American Regime (Education, Government) 4. Japanese Occupation (Vocational Course) 5. Contemporary Period (after WWII- Present)  PEER-TO-PEER ACTIVITY: “Detective Work” Find a detective partner Find evidences/sources from different platforms. Format: -Tahoma 12 -1.5 Spacing -Justified Alignment -Short Coupon bond -Clear Folder  PEER-TO-PEER ACTIVITY: “Detective Work” TOPICS: The Battle of Manila Bay The Customs of the Tagalogs The Raiders of the Sulu Sea, Doc.Film The Kartilya ng Katipunan The Act of the declaration of the Philippine declaration  PEER-TO-PEER ACTIVITY: “Detective Work” TOPICS: The Case of Paz Pardo de Tavera The Controversy of Doctrina Christiana The Interpretation of Spoliarium The Controversy of Maragtas Story The code of Kalantiaw The Cry of Pugad Lawin The Forgery Account: Makamisa  PEER-TO-PEER ACTIVITY: “Detective Work” Table of Content Cover page…………………………………… Table of Contents……………………………. Description of the Author …………………… Type of Historical Source/s…………………. Primary: Secondary:  PEER-TO-PEER ACTIVITY: “Detective Work” I. Introduction………………………………….. II. Main Points raised by the article…………. III. Texts from the article which support the main point raised……………………………………. IV. Relevance to the Philippines…………….  PEER-TO-PEER ACTIVITY: “Detective Work” CRITERIA: 50 points Originality: 10 Reliability & Validity: 10 Context: 20 Format:10 -peer evaluation (10 pts) -deadline: February 14- 9pm (even uploading of pdf)