Readings in the Philippine History (RPH) PDF

Readings in the Philippine History (RPH) //Hii bes prenz oh Reviewer for RPH mag-aral kayo *Disclaimer: USE IT AT YOUR OWN RISK //Goodluck sa quiz History – chronological record of significant events, the study of th...

Readings in the Philippine History (RPH) //Hii bes prenz oh Reviewer for RPH mag-aral kayo *Disclaimer: USE IT AT YOUR OWN RISK //Goodluck sa quiz History – chronological record of significant events, the study of the past events.  Derived from the Greek noun iotopia (historia) = learning, inquiry  “the past of mankind” History defined by E.H. Carr is the continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past. Saysay – (narrative, Salaysay, relevance, importance) Zeus Salazar: Salaysay na may saysay para sa sinasalaysayang grupo ng tao Peter Stearns: reason why we should study history A. History help us understand people and societies B. History helps us understand change and how society we live in came to be C. History contributes to moral understanding D. History provides identity E. Studying History is Essential for Good Citizenship Historiography – The imaginative reconstruction of the past from the data derived by that historical method. Teodoro Agoncillo – is the Father of Filipino nationalist historiography  Wrote the conditions of the Philippine past by analyzing the conditions of the masses. Important elements of historical method. 1. Select the subject to investigate 2. Collect probable sources of information on the subject 3. Examine the genuineness, in part of the whole 4. Extract credible particulars from the sources. Historical Sources – Which Historians depend in order to create their own depiction of the past. Types of Historical Sources: Archival Material, Government Documents, Serials – Journals, Magazines, Newspaper, Books, Visual and Audio Materials. Classified into: Primary sources, Secondary Sources, Tertiary Sources Primary Sources – Direct or firsthand. Testimony of an eyewitness, produced by a contemporary of the event it narrates Examples of Primary Sources: Letters, Manuscripts, Diaries, Journals, Memoirs, autobiographies, Oral histories, Interviews, Speeches, Newspaper, Government documents, maps, photographs, video footage of event, audio recordings, research of data, objects or artifacts. Four Main Categories of Primary Sources: Written Sources, Images, artifacts, Oral testimony Four examples of primary sources related to visual imagery: Maps, Photographs, sketches, drawings, paintings, cartoons Maps – used to indicate locations as well as topography, reveal how space and geography used to trade routes, travel routes, structural build etc. Sketches and drawings – may indicate the conditions of life of the past societies Cartoons – for political expressions or propaganda also indicates the temper of the times. Paintings and other art works – are visual representations based on the artists expression or interpretation of events and ideas. Photographs – reflect social conditions of historical realities and everyday life. Objects and Artifacts The Manunggul Jar – Declared a National Cultural Treasure, recovered at Chamber A of Manunggul Cave in Palawan, Dated as early 710 – 890 B.C. Callao Man – Oldest human fossil remains found in the Philippines. Discovered in 2007 at the Callao Caves in Penablanca, Cagayan Valley Document written in baybayin Historical Sources another type of classification are: 1. Written and non-written 2. Published or unpublished 3. Textual, oral or visual sources Written Sources categorized in three ways 1. Narrative or literature – are chronicles or tracts presented in narrative form. 2. Diplomatic sources – document/record an existing legal situation. 3. Social documents – Information pertaining to economic, social, political, or judicial significance Written Sources 1. Published materials  Books, magazines, journals, Travelogue, transcription of speech 2. Manuscripts [any handwritten or typed record that has not been printed]  Archival materials, memoirs, diary Non-Written Sources – they are either participants or witnesses Material sources – also known as archaeological evidence Oral evidence – Told by the tales or Sagas of ancient people Example: oral history, artifact, ruins, fossil, art works, video recordings, audio recordings Secondary sources – interprets and analyzes primary sources Examples of secondary sources: History textbook, books with endnotes and footnotes, biographies, Reprints of artwork, conference proceedings, Book reviews, and etc Tertiary source – been compiled from primary and secondary sources Examples: Abstracts, Indexes, manuals, textbooks, almanacs, Chronologies, etc. Historical Criticism – a source to be used as evidence in history, basic matters about its form and content must be settled. 1. External Criticism 2. Internal Criticism External Criticism – physical examinations of sources like documents, manuscripts, books, pamphlets, maps, inscriptions and monuments.  Authorships- authors name provided itself by authenticity  Date and place of publications  Textual errors  Meaning of words used Internal Criticism - used to detect and determine whether the document contains errors or lies. First voyage around the world Author: Antonio Pigafetta (1491-1531)  Venetian citizen (Italian)  Studied Astronomy, Geography and Cartography  Served in the ship as knight of Rhodes  Accompanied the Papal Nuncio, Monsignor Cheregato to Spain Pigafetta had a service translator named Enrique from Sumatra (present day Indonesia) was a slave of Ferdinand Magellan The First Voyage Around The World – Its an account of the experiences of 270 people who joined the expedition, It contains an accurate and detailed description of everything they saw in their travels Led by the Portuguese explorer, Ferdinand Magellan Victoria – The one ship Pigafetta on board and this the only ship that was able to return in Spain. Magellans Voyage Around the World (1519-1521) Magellan Died April 27, 1521, Born February 4, 1480 Magellan Died by poisoned arrow in his right leg Magellan land in Philippine Island on March 16, 1521 Route of Magellan Expedition // Magkakasunod na siguro ito Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de la Plata, Santa Cruz Bay, Strait of Magellan, Juan Fernandez Islands, Marquesas Islands, Philippine Islands, Moluccas Islands, Timor What is the purpose of Ferdinand Magellan in his Voyage?  To reach the Spice Islands of Maluku Treaty of Tordesillas – an agreement between the Kingdom of Spain and Portugal that defined where each could explore and claim lands Pre-colonial Filipinos – referred as natives or Early Filipino LapuLapu – The first defender of our Sovereignty. Pigafettas journal is the only known document about him Blood Compact – An ancient ritual to validate an agreement or friendship Mazaua (Limasawa) – First mass held in the Philippines on April 1, 1521 Attended by: Magellan, Raia Colambu (Rajah Kolambu), Raia Siaui (Rajah Siagu), Spanish voyagers, and the local islanders. Zamal (Samar at present) – Where they arrived Humunu (now Homonhon) – The island was called Magellan and his men called it Acquada da li buoni Segnialli (“The Watering place of Good Signs”) *Remember  LapuLapu did not personally kill Magellan  Magellan did not discover the Philippines  The battle of Mactan delayed the Spanish occupation by 40 years Aug. 10, 1519, Magellan set sailed with 270 men and FIVE SHIPS: 1. The Trinidad (commanded by Magellan) 2. The San Antonio  3. The Victoria 4. The conception 5. And the Santiago Miguel Lopez de Legazpi’s Expedition The Viceroy of Mexico – important task given for Legazpi an envelope which he will only open when the ships are already at sea The Legazpi expedition – Left in the port of Navidad, Mexico on November 21, 1564, 4 days later he opened the envelope and that is to invade the whole Philippine Archipelago 1571 – The construction of walled city of Intramuros Intramuros – is the proclaimed seat of government of the colony and the capital of the islands In Spanish times instramuros was MANILA Legaspi built alliances and made peace with Rajah Suliman, Lakandula and Matanda in 1571 Legaspi Died in 1572 and was buried at the San Agustin Church in Intramuros