Chapter_006.pptx

Fundamentals of Nursing, 11th Edition Patricia A. Potter, RN, MSN, PhD, FAAN Anne Griffin Perry, RN, MSN, EdD, FAAN Patricia A. Stockert, RN, BSN, MS, PhD Amy Hall, RN, BSN, MS, PhD, CNE  Chapter 6 Health and Wellness  Healthy People  Provides evidence-based...

Fundamentals of Nursing, 11th Edition Patricia A. Potter, RN, MSN, PhD, FAAN Anne Griffin Perry, RN, MSN, EdD, FAAN Patricia A. Stockert, RN, BSN, MS, PhD Amy Hall, RN, BSN, MS, PhD, CNE  Chapter 6 Health and Wellness  Healthy People  Provides evidence-based, 10-year national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease  Healthy People 2030  Promotes a society in which all people live long, healthy lives  Identifies leading health indicators which are high- priority health issues in the United States 3  Definition of Health  A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947, 2018)  A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle 4  Models of Health and Illness (1 of 2)  Models help explain complex concepts or ideas, such as health and illness  Health beliefs  A person’s ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness  Can be based on reality or false expectations, facts or misinformation, good or bad experiences  Can influence health positively or negatively 5 Health Belief Model 6 Health Promotion Model 7  Models of Health and Illness (2 of 2)  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs  Used to understand the interrelationships of human needs  Holistic Health Model  Considers emotional, spiritual, social, cultural and physical aspects of wellness 8  Variables Influencing Health and Health Beliefs and Practices  Internal variables  Developmental stage  Intellectual background  Perception of functioning  Emotional factors  Spiritual factors  External variables  Family role and practices  Social determinants of health  Culture 9  Health Promotion, Wellness, and Illness Prevention  Health promotion  Helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health  Health education  Helps people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks  Illness prevention  Protects people from actual or potential threats to health 10  Three Levels of Prevention  Primary prevention  True prevention that reduces the incidence of disease  Secondary prevention  Focuses on preventing the spread of disease, illness, or infection once it occurs  Tertiary prevention  Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible 11  Risk Factors  Any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident  Risk factors include:  Nonmodifiable risk factors  Modifiable risk factors  Environment 12 Risk Factor Identification and Changing Health Behaviors  Identify risk factors  Assessment  Health risk appraisal forms  Implement education and counseling  Wellness strategies  Understand the stages of change  Transtheoretical Model of Change 13  Illness (1 of 3)  A state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired  Acute illness  Short duration and severe  Chronic illness  Lasts longer than 6 months  Affects functioning 14  Illness (2 of 3)  Illness behavior  Involves how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms  Variables influencing illness and illness behavior  Internal variables  External variables 15  Illness (3 of 3)  Impact of illness on the patient and family  Behavioral and emotional changes  Impact on body image  Impact on self-concept  Impact on family roles  Impact on family dynamics 16  Caring for Yourself  Eat a nutritious diet  Get adequate sleep  Engage in exercise and relaxation activities  Establish a good work-family balance  Engage in regular nonwork activities.  Develop coping skills  Allowing personal time for grieving  Focus on spiritual health  Find a mentor 17