Nursing Chapter 2: Health Care Delivery System

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary focus of primary health care?

Offering palliative and hospice care to terminally ill patients

Improving health outcomes for an entire population (correct)

Providing intensive care to hospitalized patients

Reducing and controlling risk factors for disease

What is a challenge facing nursing due to the aging baby boomer generation?

Increased demand for primary health care services

Increased number of adult day care centers

Increased number of nurse educators

Increased number of elderly patients requiring care (correct)

What type of care is focused on reducing and controlling risk factors for disease?

Continuing care

Restorative care

Primary care

Preventive care (correct)

What is an example of a restorative care service?

Home care Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of integrated health care delivery?

Collaboration among health professionals, health care leaders, and community members Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a continuing care service?

Nursing center or facility Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge facing nursing due to the shortage and uneven distribution of physicians?

Decreased access to health care services Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of health promotion programs?

To reduce the incidence of disease Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a secondary care service?

Rural hospital Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge facing nursing due to the rate of nurses' retirements?

Decreased number of available nursing staff Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of Healthy People 2030?

To promote a society in which all people live long, healthy lives Signup and view all the answers

According to the World Health Organization, what is health defined as?

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which model of health and illness considers emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects of wellness?

Holistic Health Model Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of models of health and illness?

To explain complex concepts or ideas, such as health and illness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following influences health positively or negatively?

Health beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of health that individuals define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle?

State of health Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of health education?

To help people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a nonmodifiable risk factor?

Genetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of tertiary prevention?

To reduce the severity of disease or disability Signup and view all the answers

What is the Transtheoretical Model of Change?

A theory that explains how people change their behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of illness prevention?

To protect people from actual or potential threats to health Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of family in health promotion and illness prevention?

To influence health behaviors and practices Signup and view all the answers

What type of illness has a short duration and is severe?

Acute illness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an internal variable influencing illness and illness behavior?

Genetic predisposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of illness on the patient's self-concept?

Negative change in self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended activity for caring for oneself?

Getting adequate sleep Signup and view all the answers

What type of illness lasts longer than 6 months and affects functioning?

Chronic illness Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an external variable influencing illness and illness behavior?

Cultural background Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that illness can impact a family?

Impact on family roles Signup and view all the answers

What is illness behavior?

How people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Health Care Delivery System

The health care delivery system faces four challenges:
- Aging baby boomer generation
- Shortage and uneven distribution of physicians
- Rate of nurses’ retirements
- Uncertainty of health care reform

Traditional Levels of Health Care

There are six traditional levels of health care:
- Preventative
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Restorative
- Continuing health care

Integrated Health Care Delivery

Primary and preventive health care services are focused on:
- Improved health outcomes for an entire population
- Collaboration among health professionals, health care leaders, and community members
- Health promotion programs to reduce disease incidence
- Preventive care to reduce and control risk factors for disease
Secondary and tertiary care involves:
- Hospitals
- Intensive care
- Mental health facilities
- Rural hospitals
- Discharge planning
Restorative care includes:
- Home care
- Rehabilitation
- Extended care facilities
Continuing care encompasses:
- Nursing centers or facilities
- Assisted living
- Respite care
- Adult day care centers
- Palliative and hospice care

Healthy People

Provides evidence-based, 10-year national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease
Healthy People 2030 aims to promote a society in which all people live long, healthy lives
Identifies leading health indicators, which are high-priority health issues in the United States

Definition of Health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947, 2018)
A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle

Models of Health and Illness

Models help explain complex concepts or ideas, such as health and illness
Health beliefs are a person's ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness
Health beliefs can influence health positively or negatively
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is used to understand the interrelationships of human needs
Holistic Health Model considers emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects of wellness

Variables Influencing Health

Internal variables: developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, emotional factors, spiritual factors
External variables: family role and practices, social determinants of health, culture

Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Health promotion helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health
Health education helps people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks
Illness prevention protects people from actual or potential threats to health

Levels of Prevention

Primary prevention reduces the incidence of disease
Secondary prevention focuses on preventing the spread of disease, illness, or infection once it occurs
Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible

Risk Factors

Any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident
Risk factors include nonmodifiable risk factors, modifiable risk factors, and environment

Risk Factor Identification and Changing Health Behaviors

Identify risk factors through assessment and health risk appraisal forms
Implement education and counseling, wellness strategies, and understand the stages of change using the Transtheoretical Model of Change

Illness

A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
Acute illness has a short duration and is severe
Chronic illness lasts longer than 6 months and affects functioning
Illness behavior involves how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms
Variables influencing illness and illness behavior include internal variables and external variables
Impact of illness on the patient and family includes behavioral and emotional changes, impact on body image, self-concept, family roles, and family dynamics

Caring for Yourself

Eat a nutritious diet
Get adequate sleep
Engage in exercise and relaxation activities
Establish a good work-family balance
Engage in regular nonwork activities

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of nursing, focusing on the health care delivery system and the challenges facing nursing. Topics include the aging baby boomer generation, physician shortage, nurses' retirements, and health care reform uncertainty.