Chapter_002.pptx

The Language of Medicine 13th edition Davi-Ellen Chabner 1  Chapter 2 Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole 2 Chapter Goals (Slide 1 of 2) Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body. Identify...

The Language of Medicine 13th edition Davi-Ellen Chabner 1  Chapter 2 Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole 2 Chapter Goals (Slide 1 of 2) Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body. Identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities. Locate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen. Locate and name the anatomical divisions of the back. 3 Chapter Goals (Slide 2 of 2) Become acquainted with terms that describe positions, directions, and planes of the body. Identify the meanings for new word elements and use them to understand medical terms. 4  Chapter 2 Lesson 2.1 Structural Organization and Body Cavities Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body. Identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities. Locate and identify the anatomic and clinical divisions of the abdomen 5  Structural Organization of the Body (Slide 1 of 7) CELLS TISSUES ORGANS SYSTEMS 6 Structural Organization of the Body (Slide 2 of 7) Cells—The fundamental unit of all living things Major parts of a cell include: – Chromosomes – Nucleus – Cell membrane – Cytoplasm – Mitochondria – Endoplasmic reticulum 7 Structural Organization of the Body (Slide 3 of 7) CELL—The fundamental unit of all living things 8  Study Section 1 Anabolism Endoplasmic Catabolism reticulum Cell membrane Genes Chromosomes Karyotype Cytoplasm Metabolism DNA Mitochondria Nucleus 9 Structural Organization of the Body (Slide 4 of 7) Cells are specialized to carry out individual functions. Types of cells include: – Muscle cell – Nerve cell – Epithelial cell – Fat cell 10 Structural Organization of the Body (Slide 5 of 7) Types of cells 11 Structural Organization of the Body (Slide 6 of 7) Tissues A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to do a specific job. Organs Different types of tissue combine to form an organ Systems Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions 12 Structural Organization of the Body (Slide 7 of 7) 13  Study Section 2 Adipose tissue Thyroid gland Cartilage Trachea Epithelial cells Ureter Histologist Urethra Larynx Uterus Pharynx Viscera Pituitary gland 14 Body Cavities (Slide 1 of 2) Body cavities are the spaces within the body that contain internal organs (viscera) and include: Cranial Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Spinal 15 Body Cavities (Slide 2 of 2) Body cavities are the spaces within the body that contain internal organs (viscera). 16 Body Cavities and Organs Cavity Organ(s) Cranial Brain Thoracic Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta Abdominal Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gall bladder Pelvic Portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters; uterus and vagina in female Spinal Nerves of the spinal cord 17  QUICK QUIZ (Slide 1 of 5) 1. Which body cavity contains the pleural cavity and the mediastinum? A. Cranial B. Pelvic C. Spinal D.Thoracic 18 QUICK QUIZ (Slide 2 of 5) 2. Which body cavity contains the peritoneum? A. Abdominal B. Pelvic C. Spinal D.Thoracic 19  Organs of the Abdominopelvic and Thoracic Cavities (Slide Trachea 1 of 2) Thyroid gland Lung Aorta Diaphragm Heart Liver Spleen Gallbladder Stomach Pancreas Colon Colon Small Appendix intestine Bladder Sigmoid colon 20  Organs of the Abdominopelvic and Thoracic Cavities (Slide 2 of 2) 21  Study Section 3 Abdominal cavity Peritoneum Cranial cavity Pleura Diaphragm Pleural cavity Dorsal (posterior) Spinal cavity Mediastinum Thoracic cavity Pelvic cavity Ventral (anterior) 22  Abdominopelvic Regions (Slide 1 of 2) Right hypochondriac region Left hypochondriac region Epigastric region Right lumbar region Left lumbar region Umbilical region Right inguinal region Left inguinal region Hypogastric region 23 Abdominopelvic Regions (Slide 2 of 2) 24 Abdominopelvic Quadrants (Slide 1 of 2) Right upper quadrant (RUQ): contains liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of small and large intestines Left upper quadrant (LUQ): contains liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of small and large intestines Right lower quadrant (RLQ): contains parts of small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter Left lower quadrant (LLQ): contains parts of small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter 25 Abdominopelvic Quadrants (Slide 2 of 2) 26  Chapter 2 Lesson 2.2 Positions, Directions, Planes, and Terminology Locate and name the anatomic divisions of the back. Become acquainted with terms that describe positions, directions, and planes of the body. Identify the meaning for new word elements and use them to understand medical terms. 27 Anatomical Divisions of the Back (Slide 1 of 2) Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal 28 Anatomical Divisions of the Back (Slide 2 of 2) 29  Study Section 4 (Slide 1 of 2) Abdominopelvic Abdominopelvi Regions: c Quadrants:  Hypochondriac  RUQ  Epigastric  Lumbar  LUQ  Umbilical  RLQ  Inguinal  LLQ  Hypogastric 30  Study Section 4 (Slide 2 of 2) Divisions of the Related Terms: Back: Vertebra Cervical Vertebrae Thoracic Spinal column Lumbar Spinal cord Sacral Disc Coccygeal 31  QUICK QUIZ (Slide 3 of 5) 3. Name the abdominopelvic region that is located in the central region near the navel. A. Inguinal B. Umbilical C. Lumbar D.Hypochondriac 32 QUICK QUIZ (Slide 4 of 5) 4. Name the abdominopelvic region that is located in the lower middle below the umbilical region. A. Inguinal B. Epigastric C. Lumbar D.Hypogastric 33  Positional and Directional Terms of the Body Positional and Directional Terms Anterior Inferior Posterior Superior Deep Medial Superficial Lateral Proximal Supine Distal Prone 34 Positional and Directional Terms  1. anterior  2. posterior  3. deep  4. superficial  5. proximal  6. distal  7. inferior  8. superior  9. medial  10. lateral  11. supine  12. prone 35 Planes of the Body (Slide 1 of 2) Frontal (coronal) Sagittal (lateral) Transverse (cross-sectional or axial) 36 Planes of the Body (Slide 2 of 2) 1. Frontal (coronal) 2. Sagital (lateral) 3. Transverse (axial) 37  Study Section 5 Anterior (ventral) Prone Deep Proximal Distal Sagittal (lateral) Frontal (coronal) plane plane Superficial Inferior Superior (cephalic) Lateral Supine Medial Transverse (axial) Posterior (dorsal) plane 38 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 1 of 20) Combining Form abdomin/o adip/o anter/o 39 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 2 of 20) Combining Form Meaning abdomin/o abdomen adip/o fat anter/o front 40 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 3 of 20) Combining Form cervic/o chondr/o chrom/o coccyg/o 41 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 4 of 20) Combining Form Meaning cervic/o neck (of the body or uterus) chondr/o cartilage chrom/o color coccyg/o coccyx (tailbone) 42 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 5 of 20) Combining Form crani/o cyt/o dist/o dors/o 43 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 6 of 20) Combining Meaning Form crani/o skull cyt/o cell dist/o far, distant dors/o back portion of the body 44 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 7 of 20) Combining Form hist/o, histi/o ili/o inguin/o kary/o 45 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 8 of 20) Combining Form Meaning hist/o, histi/o tissue ili/o ilium (of the hip bone) inguin/o groin kary/o nucleus 46 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 9 of 20) Combining Form later/o lumb/o medi/o nucle/o 47 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 10 of 20) Combining Meaning Form later/o side lumb/o lower back medi/o middle nucle/o nucleus 48 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 11 of 20) Combining Form pelv/i pharyng/o poster/o proxim/o sacr/o 49 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 12 of 20) Combining Form Meaning pelv/i pelvis pharyng/o pharynx (throat) poster/o back, behind proxim/o nearest sacr/o sacrum 50 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 13 of 20) Combining Form sarc/o spin/o thel/o, theli/o thorac/o trache/o 51 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 14 of 20) Combining Form Meaning sarc/o flesh spin/o spine, backbone thel/o, theli/o nipple thorac/o chest trache/o trachea, windpipe 52 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 15 of 20) Combining Form umbilic/o ventr/o vertebr/o viscer/o 53 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 16 of 20) Combining Meaning Form umbilic/o navel, umbilicus ventr/o belly side of the body vertebr/o vertebra(e), backbone(s) viscer/o internal organs 54 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 17 of 20) Prefix ana- cata- epi- hypo- inter- intra- meta- 55 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 18 of 20) Prefix Meaning ana- up cata- down epi- above hypo- below inter- between intra- within meta- change 56 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 19 of 20) Suffix -eal -iac -ior -ism -ose -plasm -somes -type 57 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (Slide 20 of 20) Suffix Meaning -eal pertaining to -iac pertaining to -ior pertaining to -ism process, condition -ose pertaining to, full of -plasm formation -somes bodies -type picture, classification 58 QUICK QUIZ (Slide 5 of 5) 5. Which term means process of cutting the skull? A. Thoracotomy B. Craniotomy C. Discectomy D.Arthroscopy 59