Heating And Cooling Essentials PDF

Presentations for PowerPoint Heating and Cooling Essentials CHAPTER 5 Working with Pipe Objectives Discuss the uses for different types of steel and plastic pipe. Identify various sizes of pipe. Recognize types of fittings and use them properly. Select pipe tools and describe their prop...

Presentations for PowerPoint Heating and Cooling Essentials CHAPTER 5 Working with Pipe Objectives Discuss the uses for different types of steel and plastic pipe. Identify various sizes of pipe. Recognize types of fittings and use them properly. Select pipe tools and describe their proper use. Describe how to repair leaks in piping. Describe the process for solvent-welding rigid plastic pipe. Describe alternative methods of pipe connections. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Uses for Pipe in HVACR Steel pipe traditionally used for water lines, drains, and natural gas supply lines Plastic pipe rapidly replacing steel for water flow, drainage, and heating systems Check with local and state building codes for acceptable applications of different types of pipe Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Steel Pipe (1 of 2) Unfinished (black) Used for natural gas applications Check local codes for installation rules Galvanized (zinc-coated) Often used for water and drain lines Less likely to rust than an unfinished pipe Mueller Brass Co. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Steel Pipe (2 of 2) Available in a standard length of 21 feet Three main grades Standard – schedule 40 Extra strong – schedule 80 Double extra strong Schedule 40 is acceptable for most plumbing and natural gas applications Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Measuring Pipe Measured by the inside diameter (ID) ID sizing relates to the pipe bore ID is not precise because wall thickness of pipes vary slightly Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Pipe Thread Tapering causes the threads to bind and seal during tightening Pipe compound (dope) or Teflon™ tape added to threads to ensure a leakproof seal Check with local building authorities Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Tools Used with Steel Pipe Cutting and threading steel pipe requires the use of specially designed tools Pipe vise Pipe cutter Pipe reamer Pipe wrench Pipe die Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Pipe Vise Used to securely hold steel pipe in position for cutting and threading Two basic types – chain and yoke Some equipped with electric motor to rotate pipe in either direction The Ridge Tool Company Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Pipe Cutter Clamps around the pipe Wheel blade cuts around the pipe Heavy-duty use for cutting steel pipe Different sizes for different diameter pipe Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Pipe Reamer Cut ends must be reamed to remove the inside burr Secure pipe in a vise Match reamer size to pipe size Can be done on black and galvanized pipe The Ridge Tool Company Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Pipe Wrench Designed for holding and turning steel pipe and fittings Jaw and chain types leave marks Strap-type leaves no marks Pipes wrenches are often used in pairs (Top) JB Industries; (Middle) Goodheart-Willcox Publisher; (Bottom) Reed Manufacturing Co. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Pipe Die Used to cut threads on the outside of steel pipe Each die is accurately sized to fit a particular size of steel pipe The Ridge Tool Company Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Fittings for Steel Pipe Components used to join sections of pipe Made of annealed cast iron Called malleable fittings Fittings are threaded Sized according to the nominal size (ID) of the pipe being used Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Types of Pipe Fittings (1 of 3) Elbows Change the direction of a pipe run Available in all sizes 90° or 45° angles Couplings Connect two lengths of pipe in a straight line Short fitting with female threads at each end Reducers available Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Types of Pipe Fittings (2 of 3) Tees Used to create a branch from an existing line Available in almost any combination of sizes Reducing bushings Male threads on outside, female threads on inside Used to reduce the size of female opening Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Types of Pipe Fittings (3 of 3) Caps and plugs Used to seal openings Caps: female threads Plugs: male threads Unions Type of coupling Must be used to complete final pipe run Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Nipples Short lengths of pipe threaded on each end Used to connect fittings that are close together Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Repairing Steel Pipe Leaks are usually caused by loose connections or corrosion of the pipe Loose connections can be tightened Rusting or damaged sections must be replaced Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Rigid Plastic Pipe Usage has increased in recent years An acceptable and inexpensive means of transferring many types of liquids Replacing steel pipe in numerous applications Check local building codes and authorities for usage and application Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Advantages of Rigid Plastic Pipe Resistant to corrosive liquids Does not rot Resists growth of bacteria, algae, and fungi Provides maximum flow rates Tough and strong Easier to handle, join, and install than metal Less expensive than metal Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Types of Plastic Pipe ABS – black pipe Used only for drain, waste, and vent piping PVC – white pipe Used for cold water supply, drain lines, and some venting CPVC – off-white, cream, tan, or grey pipe Used for hot and cold water lines or drains Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Plastic Pipe Sizes Pipes and fittings are manufactured to conform to nominal pipe sizing of steel pipe Inside (flow) diameter changes slightly with the schedule number Schedule 80 has a thicker wall Available in 20-foot lengths Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Solvent-Welding A process where plastic pipe is joined chemically Also called cementing Follow instructions carefully and resist shortcuts to avoid joint failures Different solvent cement is required for each type of plastic pipe Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Using Solvent Cement Purchased in one-pint metal containers with application dauber Different solvent cement required for each plastic type ABS, CPVC, PVC Always cover when not in use, do not use thinner Special care when joining two different types of plastic pipe Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Safety Note: Solvent Cements and Primers Solvent cements and primers are extremely flammable and emit dangerous vapors Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing Close container after each use If comes in contact with skin or eyes, flush with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Pipe Preparation Proper preparation is important for a satisfactory joint Pipe must be cut square Burrs removed Ends beveled to ensure joint will be properly solvent-welded and leakproof Nibco Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Safety Note: Primer Skin Contact Apply primer using a tool, like a dauber or brush Do not use a rag Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Making Plastic Pipe Joints (1 of 2) Applying cement Apply generous coating around outside surface of pipe Then apply an even layer around the inside of the socket (not too much) Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Making Plastic Pipe Joints (2 of 2) Joining pipe and fitting Insert the pipe to the full socket depth Rotate one-quarter turn Hold together firmly for 20 to 30 seconds Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Fittings for Plastic Pipe Readily available in all sizes and plastic types Same names as those for steel pipe Do not mix pipe and fittings of different types of plastic Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Repairing Plastic Pipe Usually repaired by cutting out defective section of pipe and replacing it, often using a coupling Use matching type of plastic and solvent cement Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Adapters Used to make connections between one type of pipe or tubing to another Can be elbows, tees, or couplings in various combination of male or female fittings Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Push-on Pipe Fittings Designed to be installed without any special tool Quick, leak-proof connection Used for potable water, hydronic hot water heating systems, and condensate drain lines Can be removed and reused Mueller Brass Co Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Crimp-on Pipe Fittings Use special installation tool to crimp the fitting around the pipe Used for potable water, hydronic hot water heating systems, and condensate drain lines If fitting needs to be removed will often have to be cut out May not be reused Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.