Heating and Cooling Load PDF

Heating and Cooling Load Presented: Rholyn Sabelo Lizzette Angel Castillo Rizaldy Fernando The measure of energy needed to be added or removed from the a space by the HVAC system to provide the desired level of comfort within a space. A. Space Heat Load Items r...

Heating and Cooling Load Presented: Rholyn Sabelo Lizzette Angel Castillo Rizaldy Fernando The measure of energy needed to be added or removed from the a space by the HVAC system to provide the desired level of comfort within a space. A. Space Heat Load Items refers to the total amount of heat that needs to be added to a space to maintain a desired temperature, and it is comprised of various items including: Occupant body hear, lighting fixtures, appliances, solar radiation through windows, heat gain from exterior walls and roof, infiltration air from outside, and heat generated by equipment like computers or machinery;  Key components of space Heat Load: Internal Heat Gains(people) Lighting Appliances and Equipment Solar Radiation Building Envelope Heat Transfer Infiltration Air Ventilation Air Factors affecting space heat load: Climate conditions Building design Occupancy patterns Equipment usage  B. Heat Sources for Cooling Load - refer to any element or process that generates heat, causing the temperature of a space or system to rise. To maintain comfort or efficiency, cooling systems are required to remove this excess heat. Some common examples of heat sources include. Occupants: People generate heat through metabolic processes. Lighting: Incandescent and some fluorescent lights emit heat. Electrical Equipment: Computers, Appliances, Machinery, and other devices release heat during operation. Solar Gain: Heat entering a building through windows due to sunlight. External Heat: Outdoor temperature or heat from surrounding environments affecting indoor conditions. C. Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort 1. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 2. PERSONAL FACTORS 3. OTHER FACTORS  THERMAL COMFORT is a person’s subjective satisfaction with the temperature and other environmental factors around them  1.ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: AIR TEMPERATURE- Higher temperatures generally require more cooling, while lower temperatures necessitate more heating.  2.PERSONAL FACTORS: METABOLIC RATE- Physical activity increases heat production within the body, requiring increased cooling. CLOTHING INSULATION- Clothing acts as a barrier, affecting heat exchange between the body and the environment. INDIVIDUAL VARIATIONS- People have different thermal sensitivities and preferences age, gender, and health conditions can also influence comfort level.  3.OTHER FACTORS : SOLAR RADIATION- Direct sunlight can significantly increase heat load on a building. BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION- factors like insulation window placement, and shading devices all play a crucial role in heat gain and loss. VENTILATION- Proper ventilation helps to remove excess heat and moisture, improving air quality and thermal comfort.  D. Environmental Factors 1.ENERGY CONSUMPTION When there’s a higher demand for cooling, it increases energy consumption. The larger the temperature difference between the inside and outside of a building, the more energy an air conditioner needs to use. 2. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES Regular maintenance. Well-maintained systems are more efficient, and use less energy. Clean air ducts help air conditioners transfer air more efficiently.  D. Environmental Factors 3. LOW IMPACT REFRIGERANTS Using low impact refrigerant can help reduce the environmental impact of air conditioning.  E. Ventilation Air COOLING LOAD: Latent Load- if the ventilation air is humid, the air conditioning system has to work harder to remove moisture from the air. Sensible Load- if the ventilation air is warmer than the indoor air, the system must also cool it down to maintain the desired indoor temperature. HEATING LOAD: The outdoor air is colder than the indoor air, so the HVAC system has to use more energy to heat it up to maintain comfort levels. Thank You reallygreatsite.com