Chapter 8 Keywords PDF

key words absentmindedness lapses in memory that are caused by breaks in attention or our focus being somewhere else acoustic encoding input of sounds, words, and music amnesia loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical...

key words absentmindedness lapses in memory that are caused by breaks in attention or our focus being somewhere else acoustic encoding input of sounds, words, and music amnesia loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma anterograde amnesia loss of memory for events that occur after the brain trauma arousal theorystrong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weaker emotional experiences form weaker memories Atkinson-Shiffrin modelmemory model that states we process information through three systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory automatic processingencoding of informational details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words biashow feelings and view of the world distort memory of past events blockingmemory error in which you cannot access stored information chunkingorganizing information into manageable bits or chunks constructionformulation of new memories declarative memorytype of long-term memory of facts and events we personally experience effortful processingencoding of information that takes effort and attention elaborative rehearsalthinking about the meaning of new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory encodinginput of information into the memory system engramphysical trace of memory episodic memorytype of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced, also known as autobiographical memory key words 1  equipotentiality hypothesissome parts of the brain can take over for damaged parts in forming and storing memories explicit memorymemories we consciously try to remember and recall false memory syndromerecall of false autobiographical memories flashbulb memoryexceptionally clear recollection of an important event forgettingloss of information from long-term memory implicit memorymemories that are not part of our consciousness levels of processinginformation that is thought of more deeply becomes more meaningful and thus better committed to memory long-term memory (LTM)continuous storage of information memoryset of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time memory-enhancing strategytechnique to help make sure information goes from short-term memory to long-term memory misattributionmemory error in which you confuse the source of your information misinformation effect paradigmafter exposure to additional and possibly inaccurate information, a person may misremember the original event mnemonic devicememory aids that help organize information for encoding persistencefailure of the memory system that involves the involuntary recall of unwanted memories, particularly unpleasant ones proactive interferenceold information hinders the recall of newly learned information procedural memorytype of long-term memory for making skilled actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car, and how to swim recallaccessing information without cues recognitionidentifying previously learned information after encountering it again, usually in response to a cue reconstructionprocess of bringing up old memories that might be distorted by new information key words 2  rehearsalrepetition of information to be remembered relearninglearning information that was previously learned retrievalact of getting information out of long-term memory storage and back into conscious awareness retroactive interferenceinformation learned more recently hinders the recall of older information retrograde amnesialoss of memory for events that occurred prior to brain trauma self-reference effecttendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance semantic encodinginput of words and their meaning semantic memorytype of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts sensory memorystorage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes short-term memory (STM)holds about seven bits of information before it is forgotten or stored, as well as information that has been retrieved and is being used storagecreation of a permanent record of information suggestibilityeffects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories transiencememory error in which unused memories fade with the passage of time visual encodinginput of images key words 3