Ch. 7.5-7.13 Quiz - Skeletal System PDF

Ch. 7, 7.5: Describe the Organization of the Skeleton. Differentiate between the structures and functions of the two major organizational portions - Axial and Appendicular and name the major structures within each. “Axis” center of foundation + supports appendages ○...

Ch. 7, 7.5: Describe the Organization of the Skeleton. Differentiate between the structures and functions of the two major organizational portions - Axial and Appendicular and name the major structures within each. “Axis” center of foundation + supports appendages ○ Skull ○ Vertebral column ○ Thoracic cage ○ 80 bones “Appendicular” - anchors limbs to axial skeleton ○ Arm bones ○ Leg bones ○ Pectoral girdle ○ Pelvic girdle ○ 126 bones 7.6-7.12: Identify & describe the bones and major features of the Axial and Appendicular skeletons. Axial skeleton: ○ 8 cranial bones 1 frontal 2 parietal 1 occipital 2 temporal 1 sphenoid 1 ethmoid ○ 14 facial bones 2 maxilla - upper jaw 2 zygomatic - cheek bone 2 palatine - separates oral and nasal 2 inferior nasal conchae - bones inside nose 1 mandible (moveable) - jaw 2 lacrimal - tiny bone in eye 2 nasal - nose 1 vomer - small bone inside nose ○ Vertebral column (26) 7 cervical - bones of neck that support the head 12 thoracic - facets for ribs 5 lumbar 1 sacrum - 5 fused vertebrae, supports pelvis at the back 1 coccyx - 4 fused vertebrae, tailbone  ○ Thoracic cage (25) 24 rib 1-7 true ribs 8-13 false ribs ○ 2 are floating ribs Intercostal cartilage 1 sternum Manubrium, body, xiphoid process Appendicular skeleton ○ Pectoral girdle 2 scapula - shoulder blades 2 clavicle - collarbone ○ Upper limb 2 humerus - extends from the scapula to the elbow 2 radius - located on the thumb side of the forearm extends from the elbow to the wrist, upper end is smooth 2 ulna - medial to radius, longer than radius, wretch like opening at the bottom, thinner than radius 16 carpal - wrist bones 10 metacarpal - line of finger 28 phalanges - finger bones ○ Pelvic girdle 2 hip bone Coxa Ilium - largest, uppermost of hip bone Ischium - lowest part of hip bone Pubis ○ Lower limb 2 femur - thigh bone, longest bone in the body 2 tibia - bigger than fibula 2 fibula - long slender, lateral side of tibia 2 patella - kneecaps 14 tarsal - ankle 10 metatarsal - line of toes 28 phalanges - toes 7.13: List the three types of Joints, characteristics of each and examples. List the six types of Synovial Joints and describe the actions of each. Can you give examples? 3 types of joints  ○ Fibrous (immovable) Ex. skull, coxa, sternum Binds parts of the skeletal system, make possible bone growth, enable body to move ○ Cartilaginous (slightly moveable) Ex. vertebral column ○ Synovial (freely moveable) Allows free movement 6 types of synovial joints ○ Ball & socket - allows circular motion Ex. shoulder and hip ○ Hinge - back and forth motion, flex and extend Ex. elbow bends forearm, knee bends lower leg ○ Pivot - rotation of one bone over another Ex. elbow turns hand over, head side to side ○ Gliding - sliding of bone over each other Ex. ends of clavicle : wrist and ankle bones ○ Saddle - movement in two planes Ex. joint at base of thumb ○ Condyloid - oval shape gives movement in many directions Ex. metacarpals joining to phalanges