Bahrain in the Islamic Era PDF

Bahrain in the Islamic Era  Before Islam, Arab society was divided into tribal units, kingdoms and states, some under the control of the Persians and some under the control of the Romans.  Wars were continuing between the Persians and the Romans, and the Ar...

Bahrain in the Islamic Era  Before Islam, Arab society was divided into tribal units, kingdoms and states, some under the control of the Persians and some under the control of the Romans.  Wars were continuing between the Persians and the Romans, and the Arabian Peninsula was the theatre of military operations between them.  In the sixth century AD, the ambitions of the Persians and the Romans moved towards the Arabian Peninsula, which was devided into states, some of which were ruled by princes by the Romans, or by the Persians. During that period, Bahrain was under the rule of Manzarith. It was within Persian influence.  The citizens of Bahrain at the time of Islam were Arabs from the clans of Abdul Qais, Bakr bin Wael, and Bani Tamim, as well as some non-Arab tribes.  Several pre-Islamic religions were widespread in Bahrain, such as paganism, Christianity, Magianism and others.  Bahrain was one of the first states to accept the new religion (Islam)  Ala Al-Hadrami carried the message of the Prophet (PBUH) requesting entry into Islam to AlMunther Bin Sawa Al Tammimi, Prince of Bahrain, and Bahrain accepted the entry of Islam, and the Abdul Qais tribe sent two delegations to the Prophet (PBUH)  The first delegation headed by Al-Mundhir bin Aaith bin Al-Harith (8H)  The second delegation headed by Jaroud Al Abdi (9 H)  Caliph Abu Bakr appointed Al-Hadrami as a governor of Bahrain.  Omar ibn al-Khattab, who kept Ala on his work.  Ala Al-Hadrami invaded Fares without consulting the Caliph Omar, so he isolated him from his work, and appointed Othman bin Abi al-Aas on Bahrain.  Caliph Omar sent an army led by Ataba bin Ghazwan and they defeated the Persians.  When the caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab died and Uthman ibn Affan took over he kept Uthman al- Thaqafi on Bahrain.  When the caliph Othman was killed and Imam Ali took over the caliphate, he appointed Umaru Bin Abu Salamah on Bahrain, and then isolated him and appointed Al Numan Ansari.  The history of the Umayyad state began in 41 AH after the death and testimony of Imam 'Ali (AS)  Imam Hassan concludes a treaty with Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan  Al-Sham is the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate  The importance of Bahrain to the successors of the Umayyad state increased due to its geographical location and economic importance and the large amount of money received from them to the exchequer.  A new administrative system was created for the regions under which Bahrain became a subordinate to Basra, which was under the wali of Iraq in Kufa  After the killing of Yazid Umayyad state faced many revolutions, the most important was Abdullah bin Zubair in Mecca, Musab Ibn Zubair in Iraq, Mukhtar AlThakhafy in Iraq after the killing of Imam Hussein (AS)  As a result, the Umayyad state's control on Bahrain weakened, encouraging the Kharijites to attack and control Bahrain.  The Kharijites started their movement in Kufa, but they did not find supporters.  They went to Basra, but they also did not find support from the people of Basra, who preferred economic life, stability and calm under the Umayyad state.  Bahrain did not contribute to the Kharijite movement in its early stages when it was in Kufa and Basra and also Yamama  But at late stages the Kharijites, led by Najda bin Amer al-Hanafi, succeeded to control Bahrain by force, as the internal problems in Bahrain and the revolutions in mecca and Iraq helped him to achieve that goal.  Internal problems grow between alkhawarej especially between Najdah bin Amer followers and Abu Fadik group in Bahrain, which led to the killing of Najdah bin Amer  During the era of Abdul Malik bin Marwan, the Umayyads were able to kill Musab ibn al-Zubayr in Iraq and eradicate his revolution.  Abdul Malik bin Marwan (692 AD) sent an army that managed to kill Abu Fadik and took his head to the Umayyad caliph, thereby eliminating this movement in Bahrain.  https://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g293996-s203/Bahrain:History.html  https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_Islam/Modern_period/Bahr ain  https://intlhistory.blogspot.com/2011/05/history-of-pre-islamic-bah rain.html