Bahrain in the Islamic Era Quiz

Bahrain in the Islamic Era

• Before Islam, Arab society was divided into tribal units, kingdoms, and states; some under Persian and some under Roman control.
• Ongoing wars existed between the Persians and Romans, with the Arabian Peninsula serving as the main theater of military operations.
• In the 6th century AD, Persian and Roman ambitions focused on the Arabian Peninsula, which was divided into states, some ruled by Roman or Persian princes.
• During this period, Bahrain was under the rule of Manzarith, and within Persian influence.
• Bahrain's citizens at the time of Islam were Arabs from clans like Abdul Qais, Bakr bin Wael, and Bani Tamim, as well as some non-Arab tribes.
• Several pre-Islamic religions, such as paganism, Christianity, and Magianism, were prevalent in Bahrain.

Islam in Bahrain

• Bahrain was one of the first states to embrace Islam.
• Ala Al-Hadrami carried the message of Islam to Al-Munther Bin Sawa Al Tammimi, Prince of Bahrain, who accepted it. The Abdul Qais tribe sent two delegations to the Prophet.
• The first delegation was headed by Al-Mundhir bin Aaith bin Al-Harith (8H).
• The second delegation was headed by Jaroud Al Abdi (9H).
• Caliph Abu Bakr appointed Al-Hadrami as governor of Bahrain.
• Omar ibn al-Khattab prevented further independent actions by Al-Hadrami.
• Omar appointed Othman bin Abi al-Aas to govern Bahrain.
• Caliph Omar sent an army led by Ataba bin Ghazwan, defeating the Persians.
• Upon the death of Caliph Umar and the ascension of Uthman ibn Affan, Uthman al-Thaqafi was appointed governor of Bahrain.
• After the death of Caliph Uthman, Imam Ali appointed Umaru Bin Abu Salamah governor of Bahrain, and later isolated him, appointing Al Numan Ansari.

Umayyad State in Bahrain

• The Umayyad state emerged in 41 AH after the death of Imam Ali.
• Imam Hassan concluded a treaty with Mu'awiya Ibn Abi Sufyan; this led to the increased importance of Bahrain to the Umayyads due to its geographical position and economic significance.

Kharijites

• The Kharijites initially sought support in Kufa and Basra, but gained little support.
• Internal issues within Bahrain and other regions (Mecca and Iraq) enabled Najda bin Amer al-Hanafi to control Bahrain, which led to the killing of Najdah bin Amer.
• Under Abdul Malik bin Marwan, the Umayyads successfully killed Musab ibn al-Zubayr in Iraq, ending his rebellion.
• Abdul Malik bin Marwan sent an army that killed Abu Fadik, ending the Kharijite movement in Bahrain.