Animal Behaviour (3rd Year) PDF

**ANIMAL** **BEHAVIOUR** **Faculty of science** **Department of zoology** **3^th^ year** **By : hana faraj** **المادة: سلوك حيوان** **المرحلة :الثالثة-قسم علم الحيوان** **استاذ المقرر: أ.هناء فرج بوقطيش** An individual **behavior** is an action carried out by the muscular or hormonal system...

**ANIMAL** **BEHAVIOUR** **Faculty of science** **Department of zoology** **3^th^ year** **By : hana faraj** **المادة: سلوك حيوان** **المرحلة :الثالثة-قسم علم الحيوان** **استاذ المقرر: أ.هناء فرج بوقطيش** An individual **behavior** is an action carried out by the muscular or hormonal system under the control of the nervous system in response to a stimulus. All of animal physiology contributes to behavior, while animal behavior influences all of physiology. Being essential for survival and reproduction, animal behavior is subject to substantial selective pressure during evolution. Behavioral selection also acts on anatomy because body form and appearance contribute directly to the recognition and communication that underlie many behaviors. ***Brief history of the study of animal behaviour*** 1\. First ethologists studied behavior for practical purposes Such as Prey behaviour was studied for hunting. 3\. From early 1900s - animal behaviour became a formal discipline. 4\. From late 1900s and early 2000 - modern studies of animal behaviour. **Red-crowned cranes** *(Grus japonensis)* gather in groups to dance, prance, stretch, bow, and leap. They grab bits of plants, sticks, and feathers with their bills and toss them into the air. How does a crane decide that it is time to dance? In fact, why does it dance at all? Animal behavior is based on physiological systems and processes.  - ***Internal Stimuli*** - ***External Stimuli***