Pharmacology Textbook PDF - Basic Principles

.  Why its important to study pharmacology Aims We should study pharmacology to better serve patients who depend on us to get them the best medicine and to help them use it properly. By understanding how medications work and with ph...

.  Why its important to study pharmacology Aims We should study pharmacology to better serve patients who depend on us to get them the best medicine and to help them use it properly. By understanding how medications work and with pharmacology training to compare them, we can do this in the most effective way. Another thing most people don’t think of is that pharmacology is a connecting class, it connects anatomy, physiology, histology, biochemistry, pathophysiology, microbiology, organic chemistry and so on. By connecting these courses to practical applications we not only learn pharmacology better, but have a better understanding of the foundational sciences that help make it up. How to study pharmacology Learn general pharmacology well, understand the general concepts of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and once you are done with general pharma you can move ahead to the different systems. You have to understand the mechanism of action of a drugs of every chapter. Once you know mechanism then you know the use of that group of drugs. Rest of things you have to memorize like its adverse reactions & drug interactions and contraindications.  CHAPTER 1 Basic Principles  Textbook: External resources: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Katzung 15th Edition. Additional source: Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Applications 6th Edition, Craing and Stitzel. Objectives: At the end of this chapter the student is expected to: Define pharmacology, its branches, and its relation to medicine. Nomenclatures, nature, sources and classification of drugs. Describe the concepts of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Drug reactivity and types of bonds. Differentiate the three phases of drug action. Describe the four processes of pharmacokinetics. Mechanisms of drug transport. Drug inactivation. General mechanism of drug excretion, ionization of drugs and the effect of pH on urinary excretion of medicines. 7  Branches of Pharmacology Medical Pharmacology: prevention, diagnosis or treatment. Clinical Pharmacology: administration, the therapeutic and unwanted effects, interactions between drugs. Toxicology: the toxic effects produced by the drug on the living systems. Pharmaceutical Pharmacology: chemical structure, biosynthesis, and pharmaceutical forms of the drug Pharmacogenetics: genetic variations that cause differences in drug response, drug metabolism. Experimental Pharmacology: the actions, kinetics, M.O, toxicologic and mutagenic of a candidate drug on animals. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics As soon as a drug is administered, the body starts to work on it – pharmacokinetics. Absorption ► Distribution ► Metabolism ► Elimination (ADME) What the body does to the drug. As it is administered, a drug starts to work on the body –pharmacodynamics. What the drug does to the body.  The Prototype of Pharmacologic Group Is the main representor of drug class. The drug that has emerged as the most effective. The first drug in the group and mostly commonly used. Is used as a reference to which all other drugs are compared.  The Nature of Drugs Definition of drug: any substance that brings about a change in biologic functions. Classification of drugs: Internal: de novo synthesis hormones. External: xenobiotics  The smaller MW the better, because diffusion is directly affected Drugs